HOLIDAY HOME WORK

Practical Max. Marks 30

Record File shall include:

❖ Practical-1: Fitness tests administration.

❖ Practical-2: Procedure for Asanas, Benefits
& Contraindication for any two Asanas for
each lifestyle disease.
❖ Practical-3: Anyone one IOA recognized
Sport/Game of choice. Labelled diagram of
Field & Equipment. Also mention its Rules,
Terminologies & Skills

II .AGE GROUP: 9-18+ YEARS | CLASS 4 to 12

For Class 4 to 12, it is important for students to have an overall physical fitness. The following
Components are to be considered in Physical Health and Fitness Profile:
1.Body Composition (BMI) 2.Strength:
a.Abdominal (Partial Curl-up)
b.Muscular Endurance (Push Ups for Boys, Modified Push Ups for Girls)
3.Flexibility (Sit and Reach Test)
4.Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meter Run/Walk)
5.Speed (50 mt. Dash)

1.Body Mass Index: 1.Body Mass Index

Purpose/Aim : The purpose of the test is to measure whether a person is underweight or have a
healthy weight, excess weight, or obesity.
Infrastructure/Equipment Required: Flat Clean surface, Weighing Machine,
Stadiometer/Measuring Tape pasted on a wall. Pen and paper
Procedure : Measuring Height Accurately
1.Remove the participant’s shoes, bulky clothing, and hair ornaments, and unbraid hair that
interferes with the measurement.
2.Take the height measurement on flooring that is not carpeted and against a flat surface such as a
wall with no molding.
3.Have the participant stand with feet flat, together, and back against the wall. Make sure legs are
straight, arms are at sides, and shoulders are level.
4.Make sure the participant is looking straight ahead and that the line of sight is parallel with the floor.
5.Take the measurement while the participant stands with head, shoulders, buttocks, and heels
touching the flat surface (wall).
6.Accurately record the height to the nearest 0.1 centimeter. Measuring
Weight Accurately
1.Use a digital scale. Avoid using bathroom scales that are spring- loaded.
2.Place the scale on firm flooring (such as tile or wood) rather than carpet.
3.Have the participant remove shoes and heavy clothing, such as sweaters.
4.Have the participant stand with both feet in the center of the
scale. 5.Record the weight to the nearest decimal fraction Scoring:
Height recorded in cm and mm.
Weight will be
recorded in kilogram (kg) and
grams .

2.STRENGTH:
(a) Abdominal Strength:
Partial Curl Up:
Purpose : To measure
abdominal muscular strength and
endurance of the abdominals and
hip flexors, Equipment : Flat mat , stopwatch, recording sheets,
pen Procedure :
1. The subject lies on a flat, clean mat surface with 2 tape
markings 6 inch apart with hands straight on the sides (palms facing
downwards) fingers touching the first marking knees flexed, usually
at 90 degrees and heels 18 inches away from buttocks ,
2. On the command the subject raises the trunk in a smooth
motion curling up the desired amount (at least 6 inches above
ground). Finger tips touching the second marking
3. The trunk is lowered back to the floor so that the shoulder
blades or upper back touch the floor
4. Repeat the same and Perform as many number of curl ups as possible a certain time period,
such as 30seconds (Age 9-14 years) or 1Minute (Age15+) 5. Record the number of curl ups done in
stipulated time period.
Scoring: Total number of curl ups done is score.
(b) .Muscular Endurance (Push Ups for Boys, Modified Push Ups for Girls)
.Push Ups (Boys), Push Up Fitness Test (also called the press-up test)
Purpose: To measure the strength and endurance of the arms and shoulder girdle.
Age Level: Ages ten through college for boys only. Equipment :A mat on the
floor pre-test: Perform a standard warm-up.
procedure:
1. Straight arm front leaning rest position with the hands
and toes touching the floor.
2.The body and legs in a straight line, feet slightly apart,
the arms at shoulder width.
3.The subject lowers the body until the chest touches the
mat, then returns back to the starting position with the
arms extended.
4.This action is repeated, and the test continues until exhaustion. scoring:
The number of correctly completed push-ups is the score. Advantages:
1. This test is easy and quick to perform.
2. Usually requiring minimal or inexpensive equipment.
3. Many subjects can be tested at once.

6.Modified Push Ups Fitness Test ("bent knee") (Girls)

Purpose: To measure the strength and endurance of the arms and shoulder girdle. Age
Level: Ages ten through college for girls only.
Equipment and materials :A mat on the floor
pre-test: Perform a standard warm-up.
1. Kneel on the floor, hands on either side of the chest and keep
your back straight.
2. Lower the chest down towards the floor, till your elbows are at
right angles or your chest touches the ground.
3. Do as many push-ups as possible until exhaustion.
4. Count the total number of push-ups performed. scoring: The
number of correctly completed push-ups is the score.
Advantages: 1. This test is easy and quick to perform.
2. Usually requiring minimal or inexpensive equipment.
3. Many subjects can be tested at once.
3.Sit and Reach Test:
Introduction: This test was first described by Wells and Dillon
(1952). This test is widely used as a general test of flexibility.
Purpose : To measure flexibility of the lower back and hamstring
muscles. Equipment : Sit and Reach box with the following
dimensions:12" x 12" (sides)12" x 10" (front and back) 12" x 21" (top)
Inscribe the top panel with centimeter/mm, Pen & paper. Procedure of
Test:
1. The athlete warms up for 10 minutes .The athlete sits on the floor with their legs fully extended
with the bottom of their bare feet against the box .Shoes should be removed.
2. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box. Both knees should be locked and pressed
flat to the floor - the assistant may help by holding them down.
3.With the palms facing downwards, and the hands on top of each other, the subject reaches forward
along the measuring line as far as possible.
4. Ensure that the hands remain at the same level, not one reaching further forward than the other. 5.
After some practice reaches, the subject reaches out and holds that position for at least one-two
seconds while the distance is recorded. The athlete performs the test three times .
6. Make sure there are no jerky movements.
Scoring: The score is recorded to the nearest centimeter as the distance reached by the hand.
Advantages:
1.The sit and reach test is a common test of flexibility, and is an easy and quick test to perform.
2. If using the standard testing procedure, there is a lot of published data to use for comparison.
Disadvantages:
1. Variations in arm, leg and trunk length can make comparisons between individuals misleading.
2.This test is specific to the lower back and hamstrings, and may not be relevant to other body parts ..
4.600M run:
Purpose : To measure Cardiovascular Fitness/Cardiovascular Endurance
Equipment : A marked track, a stop watch. Pen & paper. Procedure :
1.The student stands near the starting line.
2. On the command “Go” run and cover the distance of 600M. In the fastest possible pace.
3. Record the time taken.
Scoring: Total time taken to complete the distance is taken as score.
5..50 M Standing Start Test:
Purpose : To measure speed.
Equipment : Marked 50M Area, Stop watch ,Pen & paper.
Procedure :
1. Mark an area of 50M.
2. The student stands near the starting line.
3. With standing start, On the command “Go” run as fast as you can to cover the distance of 50M.
4. Record the time taken.
Scoring: Total time taken to complete the distance is taken as score.

❖ Practical-2: Procedure for Asanas, Benefits

& Contraindication for any two Asanas for
each lifestyle disease.
2.1 Obesity: Procedure, Benefits and Contraindications for :
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity is a
medical condition when the body of a person contains 20% or more fat as compared to ideal weight.
According to WHO, BMI = Weight (in kg) / Height (in m2 )
BMI is less than 18.5, the person is in the underweight category .
BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9, the person is in the normal weight category.
 BMI is 25 to 29.9, the person is in the overweight category.
BMI is 30 or higher, the person is in the obese category.
Causes of Obesity:
The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed
and calories used.
Changes in eating and physical activity patterns are often the result of environmental and societal
changes associated with development of obesity.
Risk Factors of Obesity:
Raised BMI is a major risk factor for diseases such as heart diseases , diabetes; osteoarthritis etc. The
risk for these diseases increases, with increases in BMI.
Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death and disability in
adulthood. Obese children experience breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures, hypertension
etc.

Various Yoga Asanas

Various yogic asanas can be performed to reduce the obesity and achieve a healthy body weight .The
major asanas to control obesity are 1.Tadasana, ,2.Katichakransan

1. Tadasana Procedure :
1.Stand erect, feet together, hands by the side of the thighs.
2. Stretch the arms upward; keep them straight and parallel to each other in
vertical position, with the palms facing each other.
3. Slowly, raise the heels as much as you can and stand on toes. Stretch body up
as much as possible. Maintain the position for 5-10 seconds comfortably.
4. Come back, to initial position slowly.
Benefits :
1.It helps to prevent and reduce obesity relieves tension, aches and pains
throughout the body,
2. It helps in strengthening thighs, knees and ankles.
3. By doing this asana regularly, children can increase their height.
4. It helps to remove laziness and depression.
5.Improves blood circulation.
Contraindications :
1.Those having complaints of migraine should avoid practicing this asana.
2.KATICHAKRASANA
Katichakrasana is made with the combination of three words: 'kati' which means 'waist; 'chakra'
which means 'wheel' and 'asana' which means 'pose or posture'. The
arms and
waist are moved alike the wheel in this asana
Procedure
1. Firstly, stand straight with feet 12 inches apart.
2. Raise your arms and keep it to your chest level and keep arms straight
and palms facing towards each other.
3. Now, move your arms towards right side keeping the left arm bent
while inhaling slowly.
4. While moving arms towards right side, simultaneously rotate your waist towards right side.
5. Rotate your arms and waist as comfortable as possible.
6. While twisting, see towards back side of your body.
7. Slowly exhale and return the arms towards the front of the body.
8. Repeat the same procedure towards the left side of the body.
Benefits
a. 1.It helps to prevent and reduce obesity. It helps in strengthening neck, shoulders, arms etc. b.
It helps in strengthening the lower back.
c. It helps in stretching the waist region.
Contradictions
a. It should be avoided by people suffering from back pain.
2.2 Diabetes: Procedure, Benefits AND contraindications for

Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. G lucose comes
from the digested food . Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose makes its way to cells for energy
and growth.

Diabetes can be classified into following types :

Type 1, when there is no production of insulin and
Type 2, when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin.
Causes

Causes of type 1 diabetes

Type 1 is thought to be caused by following factors:
1.Family history : 2. Environmental factors : 3. The presence of damaging immune system cells
Causes of type 2 diabetes
It’s believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Being overweight is strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes.
1.Weight : 2. Inactivity: 3. Family history: 4. Age:
Various yogic asanas can be performed to reduce the diabetes and achieve a healthy body .

1. Bhujangasana
Procedure :
To perform Bhujangasana, following steps should be followed: 1. Lie on
the ground on your stomach with forehead touching the floor; legs
together, hands by the side of thighs.
2. Fold the arms at elbows and place the palms by the side of the
shoulders, with tips of the fingers not at shoulder line.
3. Inhaling, slowly raise the head first, then neck and after that
shoulders. Shoulders should be shrugged backwards.
4. Raise the trunk up to the navel region. Raise the chin as high as Possible.
5. Maintain this position for 5 -10 seconds or as long as comfortable.
6. Come back, to initial position slowly.
Benefits :
1. It helps to make spinal column flexible.
2. It solves digestive problems.
3. It improves the function of internal organs especially the pancreas, liver and kidneys.
4. It helps to reduce weight.
5. Contraindications :
1. Avoid during pregnancy.
2.Those suffering from hernia, and back pain should not perform it.
3. people with peptic ulcer, and acute abdominal pain should avoid practicing this asana..
2. Shalabhasana Procedure :
To perform Shalabhasana the following steps should be performed:
1. Lie flat on the stomach, Place both palms under the thighs.
2.Chin slightly forward and on the floor.
3.Inhaling and pressing the palms on the ground, raise both the legs
upward as high as possible.
5. Maintain the position with normal breathing for few seconds.
6. Come back, to initial position slowly.
Benefits :
1.It strengthens the lower back and pelvic organs.
2.It gives relief in the conditions of mild sciatica, backache.
3. It helps to reduce excessive fat formed around the knees, the thighs, the waist and the abdomen.
8. It cures cervical pain and spine ailments.
Contraindications :
1. Avoid during head ache.
2.Avoid during serious back injury.
2.3 Asthma:
Asthma is a chronic disease involving the airways in the lungs. In asthma, the airways become
inflamed, Narrow, swell and produce extra mucus makes it difficult for air to move in and out of the
lungs, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and/or chest tightness.
Causes: Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies and triggers signs and
symptoms of asthma.
1.Airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, smoke etc,
2. Respiratory infections, such as the common cold because of cold air.
3. Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin etc,
4. Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages,
1.Urdhwahastottansana,
Urdha means upward, In this posture, the arms are stretched upwards, so that is
why it is called Hastottanasana.
Procedure :
1. Stand erect on the ground with both feet together.
2. Inhale slowly and raise both arms over the head.
3. With palms facing up, interlock your fingers.
4. Exhale and bend from the waist towards the right side.
5. Maintain this position comfortably for 5-10 seconds.
6. Come back, to initial position and repeat the same procedure on the
other side.
Benefits :
1.It relaxes the whole body.
2. It relieves the muscle pain in neck, shoulders and arms.
3. It helps in increasing the height of growing children.
4.It increases the flexibility of spine.
Contraindications.
1. During hernia, abdominal inflammation, this asana should be avoided. 2.In case of neck or shoulder
injuries this asana should be avoided.
2.. VAKRASANA (TWISTED POSE) Procedure :
1. Sit on the carpet, stretch the legs straight.
2. Fold the right leg at knee and touch right leg’s heel to the left
leg’s knee, keeping right foot at the floor itself.
3. Take the right hand to back of the waist twisting your trunk,
spread in palms and place it on the carpet.
4. Bring the left hand close to right knee and hold the right leg’s ankle with the left hand.
5. Twist the head and shoulder to right side and look straight to the right shoulder’s side (i.e back
side).
6. Stay in the pose for 5-10 seconds breathing normally.
7.Come back, to initial position slowly and repeat the same on left side. Benefits
:
1. It helps to reduce belly fat.
2. It improves the function of both spinal cord and nervous system.
3. Waist and back pain are reduced.
7. It strengthens kidney.
Contraindications :
1. Avoid if suffering from, hernia, back pain.
2. Those who suffer from ulcer and enlargement of liver should not practice it
2.4 Hypertension:

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of arteries. The pressure exerted
during contraction of the heart is called systolic pressure. The pressure exerted during relaxation of
the heart is called diastolic pressure. A reading of 120/80 is normal blood pressure.140/90 or higher
is high blood pressure.
When the blood pressure becomes abnormally high it is called hypertension. It can cause serious
problems such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure.
Causes of hypertension: High blood pressure has many causes:
1.Age : The risk of high blood pressure increases as you age.
2. Family history: High blood pressure tends to run in families.
3. Being overweight or obese: The more you weigh the more blood pressure you have.
4. Not being physically active: Lack of physical activity also increases the risk of hypertension.
5. Too much salt (sodium) in your diet: Too much sodium in your diet can cause increases in B.P.
6. Stress: High levels of stress can lead to increase in blood pressure.
1.UTTANPADASANA: is made up of three words Uttana which means upwards; pada which means
legs and 'asana' mans posture or pose. The name of this asana is called so as the legs are raised in
dorsal position.
Procedure:
1.Lie down straight on your back and place your hands on the
side and feet together.
2. Place your hands close to your thighs. Now breathe in and
raise your upper torso and legs in the upward direction and
do not bend your knees.
4.Rest all your body weight on your back muscles
5. Return to the starting position with deep exhalation
6.Maintain in this pose for a minimum of 1-2 minutes and repeat this asana for 3-4 times Benefits:
1. Strengthens and adds flexibility to back muscles and
2. Cures cervical spondylitis and spinal cord ailments
3. Balances Manipura chakra.
4. Improves functioning of internal organs.
5. Relieves depression
Contradictions
1.People with acute back pain or slip disc should avoid this pose .
2. A person with severe sciatica should not do this asana
3. Woman with major problems with menstruation or with a prolapsed uterus should avoid this
asana.
4 Women in their pregnancy should avoid this posture.
2.ARDHA HALASANA
Ardha Halasana is the combination of three words 'ardha' which means "half; hala' which means
"plough
And asana which means 'pose or posture. Here, the body resembles the shape of a plough while the
body
Is in final position of this asana
Procedure
1. Lie on the back r keeping arms aside and legs together.
2 Firstly, lift the legs straight upto 900
3. Place your hand near your buttocks.
4 The legs should be kept straight for 10-15 seconds.
5. Slowly, bring the legs back on the floor Repeat this asana for
3-4 times
BENEFITs
1. It benefits the thyroid gland.
2.It helps in stretching the spine and back muscles
3.It helps in strengthening the back and leg muscles,
Contradictions
1.People with acute back pain or slip disc should avoid this pose .
2. A person with severe sciatica should not do this asana
3.Women in their pregnancy should avoid this posture.
Contraindications
Practical-3: Volleyball . Labelled diagram of field & equipment HISTORY ,Rules, Terminologies & Skills .

VOLLEY BALL HISTORY :Volleyball is a game of recent origin.It was invented by William Morgan of USA in
1895.In order to provide some recreation and exercise for men who could not play very strenuous games,
Morgan tried this type of game by providing a net at a certain height and using an inflated bladder of basket
ball.He divided a group into two teams and asked them to toss the bladder over the net.In this way,a new
game which was named ‘MINTONNETTE’came into existence.Later,it was named volleyball because the ball
was volleyed from one side to another.

YMCA and American soldiers helped in spreading this game.Canada was the first country outside USA which
introduced the volleyball in 1905.

Volleyball was played as a demonstration game in Paris Olympics in 1924.

The International Federation De-Volley Ball(FIVB) was formed in 1947.First World Volleyball Championship was
held in 1949.The first Asian Volleyball Championship was held in 1955.It was introduced in Olympics games in
1964 (Tokyo Olympics).YMCA introduced volleyball in India.

Volleyball Federation was formed in 1950.The first National for men was held in 1952 and for women in
1953.Since,then it has become a popular game world wide.

2. Points To Remember

1.Dimensions of volleyball court are: Length-18m Breadth-9m

2.Width of boundary line = 5 cm

3.Size of net mesh = 10 sq.cm

4.Height of net (for men)= 2.43m (for women)=2.24m

5.Size of net = length 9.50m x Breadth 1m

6.Weight of ball= 260-280gm

7.Circumference of ball=65 to 67cm

8.No of players=12 (6 playing + 6 substitutes)

9.Length of antennae=1.80m

10.Pole to pole distance=10m.

11.Free zone area=5m

12.Diameter of antennae= 1cm

3. .Specifications of Court and related sports Equipment

4.Fundamental Skills

1.SERVING-This is an important skill of volleyball because a good serving can upset the opponents.

TYPES:1.UNDERHAND SERVICE-For a simple underhand service,the server should stand in the service area with
one foot ahead of the other.A right-handed server should place his left foot forward in a comfortable
position.The knees should be flexed and the body slightly leaning forward.The ball should be held in the left
hand and tossed in the air for the beginning of the serve and the right hand swung forward in order to strike
the falling ball.

2.TENENIS SERVICE-Service in which the ball is struck in a way similar to the contact of a racket with the ball in
tennis.

3.ROUND ARM SERVICE:A service in which the tossed ball is struck with hand by bringing it forward by a round
arm or rotational movement of the arm.

4.SMASHING SERVICE –In this type the server tosses the ball higher in the air ahead of his body and strike the
ball with an open palm by running forward and taking a jump.

2. PASSES:

*TWO HANDED UNDERHAND PASS : It is a defensive skill preventing the ball from falling. It is used to receive
serve. It provides good chance to tip the ball for the spiker. The lift provides the transition b/w defence and
attack.
*ONE HAND UNDERHAND SERVICE: This is an advanced technique to lift falling ball towards side as player has
less chance to move to the place where ball is falling towards the side of players. Thus, he extends one arm to
lift the ball.

*OVERHAND PASS: In this pass, ball is played with finger tips and all tips must contact the ball. For this pass,
the feet should be apart knees flexed, hips lowered and the body in a slightly crouched position. The ball
should be struck with finger tips in the front of forehand. The arms should be extended in the direction of the
pass for a proper follow through.

3.DIVING:Trying to play a ball by falling on the ground in front,when ball is not easily reachable to the player.

4.SETTING OR BOOSTING:The technique of boosting is similar to a chest pass.However,a player has to first face
the player from whom he receives a pass and then turn or rotate his body towards the smasher as the ball is to
be struck for the boost.Sometimes, he has to arch or bend his body backwards to boost the ball to a smasher at
his back.Turning the body towards the smasher, before the setting of a ball, brings accuracy to the setting.

5.SMASH OR SPIKE: Hitting or striking a set ball, received from a booster or a partner, forcefully,

downwards in to the opponents court for scoring a pointis known as smashing or spiking.Smash has a four
parttechnique.1*approach run 2.take off 3.*hit* 4.landing

6.BLOCKING:An attempt to check or interpret a smash by players close to the net,by taking a jump in the
airand raising of hands is termed as a block.This may be done by a player,2 players or 3 players together.

5.Rules Of The Game:

1. TOSS: Before play begins, The Official carries out toss of a coin between two opponents to decide order of
service and choice of courts. The winner of the toss has the choice of service or choice of courts; and the loser
has the remaining choice.

2.TEAMS-A team consists of maximum 12 players out of which 6 are playing and 6 are substitutes.

3.SCRATCH-A team can be scratched if it does not enter the ground within 15 minutes of schedule start of the
match.

4.TIME OUT-Each team can take 2 time outs in a set.Time out is of 30 seconds.

5.SCORING-A set is won by a score of 25 points with minimum lead of 2 points. If there is a tie at

24 points.The play continues until a lead of 2 points is achieved.

6.INTERVAL-An interval of 3 minutes is allowed between the sets.However between 4th and 5th set an interval
of 5 minutes is allowed.

7.INCORRECT SERVICE-Serving without tossing the ball in the air, touching the end line or area beyond the
service zone before hitting the ball is a foul.It leads to change of service and a point to opponent team.

8.INCORRECT RETURN-Not returning the ball correctly over the net and into opponent court.A ball falling on
the line is a correct return.Any fault leads to change of service and a point to opponent team.

9.HOLDING-It means resting the ball momentarily on hands or fingers.It is a fault.It leads to change of service
and a point to opponent team.

10.DOUBLE CONTACT-If a player hits the ball twice in succession or if ball contacts the various body parts of
the player.It is a fault and leads to change of service and a point to the opponent team.

11.NET TOUCH-Touching the net during play except when a player not playing a ball accidentally touches the
net, it is a fault and leads to the change of service and a point to opponent team.
12.CROSSING THE NET-Crossing the net with hands on the opposite side when ball has not been played by an
opponent or interfering in the play of an opponent. It is a fault and It leads to the change of service and a point
to opponent team.

13.PENETRATION UNDER NET-A player is not allowed to touch the opponents court with foot/feet. It is a fault
and It leads to change of service and a point to the opponent team.

14.ATTACK HIT-A back line player is not allowed to carry out an attack hit from front zone.He may however
land in the front zone by making an attack hit from the back zone. Any fault leads to change of service and a
point to opponent team.

15.FOUR TOUCHES OR HITS-A team is entitled to maximum of 3 hits or touches (in addition of blocking) for
returning the ball.If a team hits the ball 4 times it is a fault.It leads to change of service and a point to opponent
team.

Terminologies:

1.Boosting-Boosting or lifting of the ball is done with the tips of fingers and thumb so that it becomes easy to
smash.

2.Libero-Libero is the specific player of a team who wears different coloured uniform.He is specialized
defensive player and is restricted to play only as a back zone player.

3.Blocking-A defensive action taken by extending the arms upward in order to stop an impeding smash by an
opposing player.

4.Ace-A point scored on an unreturned serve.

5.Dink-A soft shot by the finger tips while faking,i.e instead of spike the soft push of the finger tips is made .

6.Antennae-The two flexible rods fastened at the outer edge of each side band within which the ball sent to
opponent court must pass.

7.Front zone players-Players listed in the lineup as playing in front of the attacked line are called front zone
players.

8.Back zone players-Players listed as playing behind the attack line are called back zone players.

9.Setter/booster/lifter-A player specialized to lift the ball for smash .

10.Spiker-A player specialized to hit the ball downwards in the opponent court.He is also known as smasher.

Important Tournaments & Venues

The most prestigious tournaments are :

1.The Olympics, 2. World Volleyball Championship, 3. The Asian Games (only Asian countries participate)
4.The Commonwealth Games (only commonwealth countries participate),5.. Nationals for men and women
6..Sivanthi Gold Cup

Venues

1.Indira Gandhi Stadium (New Delhi) 2.N.I.S Complex (Patiala) 3.katoch Stadium (Jalandhar)

4.Sports Complex (Hyderabad) 5.Tata Sports Complex (Tata Nagar) 6. Railway Sports Complex (Mumbai)

Sports Personalities

Arjuna awards winners

1961 A. Palanisamy , 1962 Nripjit Singh,1972 Balwant Singh "Ballu" , 1973 G.M.
Reddy 1974 M.S. Rao , 1975 Sub. Insp. R. Singh, K.C. Elamma , 1976 Jimmy
George , 1977- A. Ramana Rao, 1978-Kutty Krishnan,1979-S.K. Mishra , 1982 G.E. Sridharan ,1983 R.K.
Purohit,1984 Saley Joseph,1986 Cyril C. Valloor,1989 Abdul Basith,1990 Dalel Singh Ror ,1991 K. Udaya
Kumar,1999 Sukhpal Singh,2000 P.V. Ramana,2001 Amir Singh,2002 Ravikant Reddy,2010 K. J. Kapil De,2011
Sanjay Kumar

Dronacharya Award Recipients

1990- A. Ramana Rao, 1995 M.Shyam Sunder Rao , 2007 G.E. Sridharan

Dhyan Chand Life Time Achievment Award: 2003 –Om Prakash