Power Plant Modeling

POWER PLANT MODELING
15 May 2020
Technical Services Group
Presentation for ESD

Via Zoom
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
THERMOFLOW
AERMOD
SIMULINK
2
THERMOFLOW
AERMOD
SIMULINK
3
WHAT IS A MODEL?
• Physical or mathematical
representation of a
system
• Logical and quantitative
description of how a
system or process
behaves
• It’s never exact
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THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODELS
• STATIC – doesn’t involve time

• DYNAMIC – used in simulating time varying
behavior of a system
• DETERMINISTIC – input parameters are
specified as single value
• STOCHASTIC- inputs random numbers drawn
from a specified probability distributions
Source: Madachy, R. J., & Houston, D. X. (2018). What every engineer should know about modeling and simulation.
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WE SIMULATE MODELS TO ANALYZE RESULTS
POWER HEAT RATE COST
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PROCESS OF MODELING AND SIMULATION
MODEL ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES
• Structure review
• Face validity
• Parameter validity
• Behavior review
• Output comparison
• Case replication
• Case prediction
Source: Madachy, R. J., & Houston, D. X. (2018). What every engineer should know about modeling and simulation.
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WHY IS MODELING AND SIMULATION IMPORTANT?
• Predevelopment Works
– Understanding performance of plant
– Tender Bid validation
– Economical analysis
– Environmental Analysis
– Documentation (Permits)
• Future development
– New equipment analysis
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT SOFTWARES THAT WE USE?
THERMAL ENGINEERING DESIGN AND

SIMULATION
AIR DISPERSION MODELING
*SIMULATING AND ANALYZING

MULTIDOMAIN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
*ESD has no license
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THERMOFLOW
AERMOD
SIMULINK
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THERMOFLOW
THERMOFLOW SUITE
• Since 1988, Thermoflow is has been the leading developer of thermal

engineering design and simulation software for power and cogeneration
industries
• What can it do?
– Accurately compute thermodynamic performance;
– automatically create detailed, physical preliminary designs for all significant components
and piping;
– automatically create cost and labor preliminary estimates with detailed breakdowns for
your entire project;
– compute economic results, such as ROI and NPV, based on your energy prices and
annual operating profile;
– provide over a hundred pages of detailed outputs comprising detailed heat balance
diagrams, environmental impact, equipment specs, cost breakdowns, and economic
performance.
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THERMOFLOW
THERMOFLOW SUITE
• GT PRO®, GT MASTER®, and PDETM are dedicated to gas turbine-

based power and cogeneration plants
• STEAM PRO® & STEAM MASTER® are dedicated to conventional
steam power and cogeneration plants
• RE-MASTERTM is dedicated to repowering existing conventional
steam plants by incorporating gas turbines
• NOVO PRO® is dedicated to modeling and optimizing renewable
energy systems
• THERMOFLEX® is a fully flexible program with a graphic user
interface in which the user creates a thermal system network by
selecting, dragging, dropping and connecting icons representing over
two hundred different components
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THERMOFLOW
GT PRO AND GT MASTER
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THERMOFLOW
USES AND LIMITATIONS
USED IN LIMITATIONS
SANTA MARIA PRE CONFIGURATION OF STEAM
DEVELOPMENT WORKS, CYCLE CONFIGURATION OF SAN
PERMITS & BIDDING GABRIEL IS USED
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION LIMITED ENGINE MODELS

PREDEVELOPMENT & COSTING
COLD ENERGY
EVAPORATIVE COOLER VS
ELECTRIC CHILLER ANALYSIS
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THERMOFLOW
WHO HAS THERMOFLOW?
FGP Corp. Ortigas THE PHILIPPINES
Fluor Daniels Inc. Muntinlupa City THE PHILIPPINES
Meralco PowerGen
Pasig THE PHILIPPINES
Corporation
Owl Energy Consultants
Guiguinto THE PHILIPPINES
Ltd.
Poyry Energy Inc. Makati City THE PHILIPPINES
Quezon Power Plant Quezon THE PHILIPPINES
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THERMOFLOW
OTHER ALTERNATIVE SOFTWARE

GE’s
Modelica
GateCycleTM
EBSILON
ASPEN
Note: used
stopped
for updating
transient since
analysis
2005
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THERMOFLOW
AERMOD
SIMULINK
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WHAT IS AIR DISPERSION MODELING
ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODEL IS A MATHEMATICAL

SIMULATION OF THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY GOVERNING THE
TRANSPORT, DISPERSION AND TRANSFORMATION OF POLLUTANTS
IN THE ATMOSPHERE
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AIR DISPERSION MODELS ARE USED TO ESTIMATE DOWNWIND

CONCENTRATIONS OF CONTAMINANTS OVER VARYING AVERAGING
PERIODS TO BE ABLE TO COMPARE WITH NATIONAL AMBIENT
GUIDELINE VALUES UNDER THE RA 8749 AND DAO 2000-81
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AIR DISPERSION MODELS ARE USED TO ESTIMATE DOWNWIND

CONCENTRATIONS OF CONTAMINANTS OVER VARYING AVERAGING
PERIODS TO BE ABLE TO COMPARE WITH NATIONAL AMBIENT
GUIDELINE VALUES UNDER THE RA 8749 AND DAO 2000-81
Assessing compliance of
emissions from proposed Assessing the compliance of
plants as part of the EIS and emissions for existing plants
permitting process already permitted
Evaluating mitigation Estimating the influence of
strategies in accordance with new geophysical factors on
BACT (Best Available Control dispersion.
Technology) Designing ambient air
monitoring systems including Identifying the main
Determining appropriate stack identifying the optimum contributors to existing air
heights locations of sampling stations pollution problems
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTION OPERATION
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ALTERNATIVE SOFTWARES
DENR-EMB ESTABLISHED MC 2008-003 TO PROVIDE GUIDELINES IN

CARRYING OUT AIR DISPERSION MODELLING, PROVIDING A
CONSISTENT APPROACH USING A TIERED METHODOLOGY
SCREEN3
Tier 1 A worst-case screening model for one source from a site.
Screening of
single sources
Tier 2
Refined model using
screening meteorological
AUSPLUME
data A steady-state, stable, straight line plume mode.
Tier 3
Refined model using EMB
meteorological data AERMOD CALPUFF
A steady-state, stable, A multilayer, multi-species
straight line plume mode. non-steady-state Gaussian
Tier 4 Developed to replace the puff dispersion model
Sophisticated model Industrial Source Complex which is able to simulate
using site specific Model-Short Term (ISCST3) the effects of time- and
meteorological data as U.S. EPA’s preferred space-varying
model for most small scale meteorological conditions
regulatory applications. on pollutant transport
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THE HIGHER THE TIER, THE MORE COMPLEX AND CONSEQUENTLY

MORE ACCURATE THE MODEL IS
DENR-EMB APPROVED
USES LIMITATIONS
DISPERSION MODELS
SCREEN3 • Estimating maximum ground-level • Can not be used for multiple
concentrations and the distance to the sources
maximum • Can not be used on real time
• Incorporating the effects of building meteorological data
downwash
• Estimating concentrations in the cavity
recirculation zone, with inversion break-
up and shoreline fumigation.
• Determining plume rise for flare releases.
AUSPLUME • May be used to model primary pollutants • Not capable of handling complex
and continuous releases of toxic and terrain
hazardous pollutants. • Should not be used for modelling
• Can handle multiple sources, including at receptors beyond 10 km
point, volume, area, and open pit source • May not be some near-field
types. modelling in cases where the
• Can account for the effects of wind field is very complex due to
aerodynamic downwash due to nearby terrain or a nearby shoreline
buildings, settling and removal (through
dry deposition) of large particulates and
for modelling the effects of precipitation
scavenging for gases or particulates.
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THE HIGHER THE TIER, THE MORE COMPLEX AND CONSEQUENTLY

MORE ACCURATE THE MODEL IS
DENR-EMB APPROVED
USES LIMITATIONS
DISPERSION MODELS
AERMOD • Incorporates concepts such as planetary • Should not be used for modelling
boundary layer theory and advanced at receptors beyond 50 km.
methods for handling complex terrain. • Does not treat the effects of
• Incorporates the Plume Rise Model shoreline fumigation.
Enhancements (PRIME) building
downwash algorithms.
CALPUFF • Can be used in modeling long-range • Very complex model to use and
(>50km) transport of pollutants. interpret data from
• Can account for complex flow and non- • Prone to data input and function
steady-state cases. use errors
• Can account for a variety of effects such • CALMET data supplied by third
as spatial variability of meteorological parties can not be easily
conditions, dry deposition and dispersion integrated
over a variety of spatially varying land
surfaces, plume fumigation, low wind-
speed dispersion, pollutant
transformation and wet removal.
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HOW TO USE AERMOD
MC 2008-003 PRESCRIBES METHODS TO DETERMINE INPUTS TO THE

MODEL
Land Use Data

Land • Noontime Albedo
• Bowen Ratio
Use • Surface Roughness Length
Terrain Data (m) -> U.S.Data
Terrain EPA OSW Human
Data Health Risk Assessment Protocol
• Flat
• Elevated
• Complex
Met Meteorological Data
• Hourly
Data • 3 years;
• Urban 1 year
or Rural if site
-> Auer Method
specific
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HOW TO USE AERMOD
QUICK RUN THROUGH
1 Insert base map and

define the site domain
2 Define buildings, meteorological

and terrain data, if needed
3 Go through the pathways
4 Run the model and

troubleshoot
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OTHER SOFTWARES
CORMIX IS A WATER QUALITY MODELING AND DECISION SUPPORT

SYSTEM DESIGNED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
MIXING ZONES RESULTING FROM WASTEWATER DISCHARGE FROM
POINT SOURCES
CORMIX (Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)
The system emphasizes the role of boundary

interaction to predict steady-state mixing
behavior and plume geometry.
The CORMIX methodology contains systems

to model
• Different discharge configurations: single
port, multiport diffuser discharges and
surface discharges sources.
• Different effluents types: conservative,
non-conservative, heated, brine
discharges or contain suspended
sediments.
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OTHER SOFTWARES
ALOHA® IS A HADARD MODELING PROGRAM WHICH IS USED WIDELY

TO PLAN FOR AND RESPOND TO CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES
ALOHA® (Areal Locations of Hazardous

Atmospheres)
Threat zone estimates will be generated for

various types of hazards:
• Toxic gas clouds;
• Flammable gas clouds;
• BLEVEs (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor
Explosions);
• Jet fires;
• Pool fires; and
• Vapor cloud explosions.
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THERMOFLOW
AERMOD
SIMULINK
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MATLAB SIMULINK
GRAPHICAL MODELING IN MATLAB USING BLOCK

LIBRARIES ARE IMPLEMENTED IN SIMULINK
graphical programming environment of

MATLAB for modeling, simulating and
analyzing multi-domain dynamical
systems
primary interface is a graphical block

diagramming tool and a customizable
set of block libraries
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MATLAB SIMULINK
SIMULINK HAS VARIOUS CAPABILITIES FROM GRAPHICAL

EDITING TO VISUALIZATION TOOLS
TRANSFORMER
Key capabilities include:
• A graphical editor for modeling all
components of a system
• A library of prebuilt blocks for

modeling algorithms and physical
systems
• Large-scale modeling blocks for

creating reusable system components
and libraries
• A simulation engine with Ordinary

Differential Equation (ODE) solvers for
verifying that all parts of the system
work together
• Visualization tools for analyzing

and comparing results from multiple
simulations
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MATLAB SIMULINK
SIMULINK IS ACCESSED FROM MATLAB USER INTERFACE

AS THE GRAPHICAL MODELING EXTENSION
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MATLAB SIMULINK
ESD EXPERIENCE WITH SIMULINK INVLOVES HYDRO

POWER PLANT MODELING INCORPORATING PARAMETER
ESTIMATION
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MATLAB SIMULINK
DURING THE COURSE OF THE MODELING PROJECT THE

FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS WERE
NOTED
ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS
• Can perform parameter • Software consumes large

estimation which lessens amount of space and
needed input variables operating power in PC
• Very good visualization • Data resolution requirement
tools for parameter estimation is
in milliseconds
• Has built-in blocks for
complex equipment • Does not have built-in
blocks that incorporates
• Can handle large amounts
upstream hydraulic circuit to
of data
the electro-magnetic
equipment
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MATLAB SIMULINK
ASIDE FROM HYDRO POWER PLANT MODELING, FIRST

GEN CAN UTILIZE SIMULINK FOR SOLAR PANEL
PARAMETERIZATION VALIDATION
SOLAR PANEL
SOLAR PANEL IS MODELED USING INFORMATION FROM THE

MANUFACTURER DATASHEET AND THE PERFORMANCE CURVE
PER TEMPERATURE IS PLOTTED
https://www.mathworks.com/help/physmod/sps/examples/solar-panel-parameterization-validation.html 34
MATLAB SIMULINK
ALSO, FIRST GEN CAN USE SIMULINK TO MODEL SOLAR

POWER CONVERTERS USED IN ITS PROJECTS
SOLAR POWER CONVERTER
THE MODEL DETERMINES THE EFFICIENCY OF A SINGLE-STAGE

SOLAR CONVERTER GIVEN A SOLAR IRRADIANCE. IT OUTPUTS
THE POWER DISSIPATED IN THE ELECTRONICS OF THE DEVICE.
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MATLAB SIMULINK
WHEN IT COMES TO ENERGY STORAGE, THE COMPANY

CAN USE SIMULINK TO SIMULATE BATTERY PACKS AND
OCCURANCE OF FAULT IN THE SYSTEM
LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK
FAULT CAN BE INTRODUCED INTO ONE OF THE CELLS TO SEE

THE IMPACT ON BATTERY PERFORMANCE AND CELL
TEMPERATURES
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MATLAB SIMULINK
SIMILARLY, SYSTEM PROCESSES SUCH AS THE BRAYTON

CYCLE IN GAS TURBINE CAN BE MODELED IN SIMULINK
FOR ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
BRAYTON CYCLE (GAS TURBINE)
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MATLAB SIMULINK
ASIDE FROM SIMULINK, THE ELECTRICAL SECTION ALSO

USES PSSE MOSTLY FOR GRID IMPACT STUDY
variety of analysis functions,

including power flow,
dynamics, short circuit,
contingency analysis,
optimal power flow, voltage
stability, transient stability
simulation, among others.
MAJOR FGEN ESD USAGE:

Grid Impact Study: We do this to assess connection of projects to the grid
allowing us to see how it affects the system. We also use this to monitor our
competitor projects that depend on grid upgrades. This is a very helpful tool
for decision making.
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MATLAB SIMULINK
ELECTRICAL SECTION ALSO USES ETAP MOSTLY FOR

PROTECTION COORDINATION AND SOLAR INSTALLATION
IMPACT STUDY
full spectrum analytical engineering

software company specializing in the
analysis, simulation, monitoring, control,
optimization, and automation of
electrical power systems.
MAJOR FGEN ESD USAGE:

Protection Coordination: to ensure that responses of
the protection devices are coordinated and works for the
intended equipment
Solar Installation Impact Study: to assess how the
system is affected by the installation of our solar projects.
This is also a requirement of distribution Utilities.
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Power Plant Modeling
ESD IS DEVELOPING ITS ENGINEERS TO USE THESE

SOFTWARES
SOFTWARE CURRENT USERS TO BE DEVELOPED
DDV, PIT, TLC, DFD, RPI,

MMU
APR
IAB JDP, JTN, RJB
IAB JDP, JTN, RJB
PCD RPI
RMA, AMC, GMM,PCD EAA, PDT, LBA
RMA, AMC, GMM,PCD EAA, PDT, LBA
Note: softwares used by civil and I&C section not included

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ESD CAN OFFER VARIOUS SERVICES TO IT’S CUSTOMERS

SERVICE OUTPUT DURATION COST
• PLANT GROSS& NET POWER OUTPUT & EFFICIENCY
POWER PLANT • PARTIAL LOADING EFFICIENCY
15 DAYS 280,000 Php
MODELING • MINIMUM AREA REQUIREMENT
• COST ESTIMATE
• AS PART OF EIS PERMITS
AIR DISPURSION • COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS
30 DAYS 510,000 Php
MODELING • DETERMINATION OF SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS
• IDENTIFICATION OF MITIGATING MEASURES
• COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS
MIXING ZONE
• DETERMINATION OF MIXING ZONES THE THERMAL 30 DAYS 480,000 Php
MODELING
PLUMES
• COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS
QUANTITATIVE RISK
• DETERMINATION OF RISK CONTOURS 30 DAYS 450,000 Php
ASSESSMENT MODELING
• IMPACT OF POWER PLANT TO THE GRID

• THERMAL ASSESSMENT
• VOLTAGE ASSESSMENT
SYSTEM IMPACT STUDY 60 DAYS 650,000 Php
• FAULT LEVEL ASSESSMENT
• STABILITY ASSESSMENT
• LINE CONGESTION
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ESD CAN OFFER VARIOUS SERVICES TO IT’S CUSTOMERS

SERVICE OUTPUT DURATION COST
• PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF GRID CONNECTION
REQUIREMENTS
• SPECIFICATION
FACILITIES STUDY 60 DAYS 550,000 Php
• TIMELINE
• BILL OF MATERIALS/QUANTITY
• PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
• IMPACT OF POWERPLANT TO THE DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
• THERMAL ASSESSMENT
DISTRIBUTION IMPACT
• VOLTAGE ASSESSMENT 60 DAYS 650,000 Php
STUDY
• STABILITY ASSESSMENT
• CONGESTIONS IN THE LINE
• PREMILINARY DESIGN OF GRID CONNECTION
REQUIREMENT
DISTRIBUTION ASSET • SPECIFICATION
60 DAYS 550,000 Php
STUDY • TIMELINE
• BILL OF MATERIALS/QUANTITY
• PROJECT COST ESTIMATE

PROTECTION
• EQUIPMENT FAULT RATING ASSESSMENT 60 DAYS 700,000 Php
COORDINATION STUDY
• PROTECTION RELAY SETTING
200,000 Php
POWER QUALITY STUDY • POWER QUALITY ASSESSMENT 60 DAYS
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END OF PRESENTATION
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Technical Services Group

Presentation for ESD