Name : Rendi Nofitasari Robiansah

Class : 2B JTD
Topic : Telecomunication

History of Telecomunication
Telephone systems introduced (Simple past tense active) direct communication
(simple present tense neutral) between two distant places. The purpose of the telephone was
to transmit (simple past tense neutral) human voices over cables to make the communications
(simple present tense neutral) faster than so far then. This telephone system was a user
(simple past tense neutral) -friendly one. It had a microphone (present perfect tense neutral),
earphone, number dialing (present continuous tense active) system along with the
telecommunication system. In this technology, people could communicate by talking in their
own way of communication rather than a fixed set of messages used in telegraph systems.
Here human voice is converted into electronic signals and transmitted through the cables used
to connect between the telephone lines. Also, while receiving the electronic signals received
through the cables are converted back into voice. This kind of user friendly and faster
communications through telephone systems made it widely acceptable. If someone called one
house, the phones rang in all the houses connected to that party line. If you picked up the
receiver while one of your neighbors was already on the line, you’d hear their conversation.
Computer and telephone networks inflict a gigantic impact on today’s society. From
letting you call John in Calgary to letting you make a withdraw at your friendly ATM
machine they control the flow of information. But today’s complicated and expensive
networks did not start out big and complicated but rather as a wire and two terminals back in
1844. From these simple networks to the communication giants of today we will look at the
evolution of the network and the basis on which it functions.
The network is defined as a system of lines or structures that cross. In
telecommunications this is a connection of peripherals together so that they can exchange
information. The first such exchange of information was on May 24, 1844 when Samuel
Morse sent the famous message “What hath God wrought” from the US Capitol in
Washington D.C. across a 37 mile wire to Baltimore using the telegraph.

1. Telegraph
The telegraph is basically an electromagnet connected to a battery via a switch. When
the switch is down the current flows from the battery through the key, down the wire, and
into the sounder at the other end of the line. By itself the telegraph could express only two
states, on or off. This limitation was eliminated by the fact that it was the duration of the
connection that determined the dot and dash from each other being short and long
respectively.

From these combinations of dots and dashes the Morse code was formed. The code
included all the letters of the English alphabet, all the numbers and several punctuation
marks. A variation to the telegraph was a receiving module that Morse had invented. The
module consisted of a mechanically operated pencil and a roll of paper. When a message was
received the pencil would draw the corresponding dashes and dots on the paper to be
deciphered later. Many inventors including Alexander Bell and Thomas Edison sought to
revolutionize the telegraph. Edison devised a deciphering machine. This machine when
receiving Morse code would print letters corresponding to the Morse code on a roll of paper
hence eliminating the need for decoding the code.

2. Radio
Radio, sound communication by radio waves, usually through the transmission of
music, news, and other types of programs from single broadcast stations to multitudes of
individual listeners equipped with radio receivers. From its birth early in the 20th
century, broadcast radio astonished and delighted the public by providing news and
entertainment with an immediacy never before thought possible. From about 1920 to
1945, radio developed into the first electronic mass medium, monopolizing “the
airwaves” and defining, along with newspaper, magazine, and motion pictures, an entire
generation of mass culture. About 1945 the appearance of television began to transform
radio’s content and role. Broadcast radio remained the most widely available electronic
mass medium in the world, though its importance in modern life did not match that of
television, and in the early 21st century it faced yet more competitive pressure from
digital satelite and internet -based audio services.
Based on the human voice, radio is a uniquely personal medium, invoking a
listener’s imagination to fill in mental images around the broadcast sounds. More readily
and in a more widespread fashion than any other medium, radio can soothe listeners with
comforting dialogue or background music, or it can jar them back into reality with
polemics and breaking news. Radio also can employ a boundless plethora of sound and
music effects to entertain and enthrall listeners. Since the birth of this medium,
commercial broadcast companies as well as government organs have made conscious use
of its unique attributes to create programs that attract and hold listeners’ attention. The
history of radio programming and broadcasting around the world is explored in this
article.

The first voice and music signals heard over radio waves were transmitted in
December 1906 from Brant Rock, Massachusetts (just south of Boston), when Canadian
experimenter Reginald Fessenden produced about an hour of talk and music for technical
observers and any radio amateurs who might be listening. Many other one-off
experiments took place in the next few years, but none led to continuing scheduled
services. On the West Coast of the United States, for example, Charles (“Doc”) Herrold
began operating a wireless transmitter in conjunction with his radio school in San Jose,
California, about 1908. Herrold was soon providing regularly scheduled voice and music
programs to a small local audience of amateur radio operators in what may have been the
first such continuing service in the world.