STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3

• distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according

to their distinguishing features

SUB – OBJECTIVES:
• Discuss the concept of Endosymbiotic theory;
• Determine the difference between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
• Discuss the different types of intercellular junctions
The ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
 Pili
Glycocalyx:
Glycocalyx
gel-like coating
outside Cell wall
cell wall; if it is
compact – Cell
capsule, if Membrane
diffuse – slime
(layer)
Nucleoid:
Control center
Flagellum
of a bacteria
(prokaryote)
with DNA
Ribosomes exposed to
Chromosome Nucleoid intracellular
(DNA) environment
 Category Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Presence of membrane Absent Present
bound nucleus (nucleoid) (Nucleus)

Unicellular organism Multicellular organism

Type of organism
(single cell) (multiple interdependent cells)

Size Less than 5 micrometers 10 – 100 micrometers

Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

Mode of reproduction
(Binary Fission) (Mitosis, Meiosis, Fertilization)

Absent
Presence of organelles Present
(except ribosomes)

Appendages Cilia; Flagella; Pseudopod (Motility)

Flagella
(Attachment / Motility) (Pili, Fimbriae – for attachment)

Present Present except animal cell

Presence of cell wall
(Peptidoglycan) (Cellulose or Chitin)
Size of the Cell(s)
 Mode of Reproduction

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that

or
. The offspring that arise by
asexual reproduction, are either from a single cell
or from a multicellular organism and inherits the
genes of their single parent.
 Mode of Reproduction

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sexual reproduction starts
with the

in a process called
.
Mode of Reproduction
TYPES OF FERTILIZATION
Appendages for Motility
Cellular Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell
Cell Component
Cell Animal cell Plant cell
Cell membrane YES YES YES
Nucleus NO YES YES
Nucleolus NO YES YES
Cytoplasm YES YES YES
Nucleoplasm NO YES YES
Cell wall YES NO YES
Glycocalyx YES NO NO
Endoplasmic Reticulum NO YES YES
Golgi Body NO YES YES
Vesicles NO YES YES
Ribosomes YES YES YES
Cellular Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell
Cell Component
Cell Animal cell Plant cell
Mitochondria NO YES YES
Lysosomes NO YES YES
Peroxisomes NO YES NO
Vacuoles NO YES YES
Centrosome NO YES NO
Plastids NO NO YES
Flagella SOME SOME NO
Cilia SOME SOME NO
Pili YES NO NO
Fimbriae YES NO NO
END OF LESSON