DAY -5 : SOLUTIONS

Objective
1. The vapour pressure of a solution of a nonvolatile electrolyte B in a solvent A is 95% of the vapour
pressure of the solvent at the same temperature. If the molecular weight of the solvent is 0.3 times
the molecular weight of solute, the weight ratio of the solvent and solute are
(a) 0.15 (b) 5.7
(c) 0.2 (d) 4.0

2. For CrCl3.xNH3, elevation in boiling point of one molal solution is double than that of one molal urea
solution, hence x would be (complex is 100% ionized)
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) None of these

3. For an ideal binary liquid solution with PA > PB , which of the following relation between XA (mole
fraction of A in liquid phase) and YA (mole fraction of A in vapour phase) is correct?
(a) XA = YA (b) XA > YA
XA Y
(c) XA < YA (d)  A
XB YB

4. A complex contains Pt (IV) and has van’t Hoff factor 3 in aqueous solution. The complex is
(a) K2[PtCl4] (b) K2[PtCl6]
(c) K3[PtCl5] (d) K[PtCl3]

5. In cold countries, ethylene glycol is added to water in the radiators of cars during winters. It results
in
(a) lowering of boiling point (b) reduced viscosity
(c) reduced specific heat (d) lowering of freezing point

6. A liquid is kept in a closed vessel. If a glass plate (of negligible mass) with a small hole is kept on
top of the liquid surface, then the vapour pressure of the liquid in the vessel
(a) is more than what would be if the glass plate was removed.
(b) is same as what would be if the glass plate was removed.
(c) is less than what would be if the glass plate was removed.
(d) cannot be predicted.

7. At a given temperature, total vapour pressure in Torr of a mixture of volatile components

A and B is given by
PTotal = 120  75XB
hence, vapour pressure of pure A and B respectively (in Torr) are
(a) 120, 75 (b) 120, 195
(c) 120, 45 (d) 75, 45

8. Maximum freezing point will be for the complex salt solution of (assume equal ionization of all
complex salts)
(a) IM [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3 (b) 1M [Fe(H2O)5Cl]Cl2.H2O
(c) 1M [Fe(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O (d) 1 M [Fe(H2O)3Cl3].3H2O
Tf
9. Glucose is added to 1 litre water to such an extent that becomes equal to 1/1000, the weight of
Kf
glucose added will be
(a) 0.32 g (b) 0.42 g
(c) 0.22 g (d) 0.18 g

10. The vapour pressure of a dilute aqueous solution of glucose is 750 mm of Hg at 373 K. The mole
fraction of solute will be
1 1
(a) (b)
10 7.6
1 1
(c) (d)
35 76
11. Assuming each salt to be 90% dissociated, which of the following will have highest boiling point?
 (a) Decimolar Al2(SO4)3
(b) Decimolar BaCl2
(c) Decimolar Na2SO4
(d) A solution obtained by mixing equal volumes of (b) and (c).
12. On mixing 10 ml of carbon tetrachloride with 10 ml of benzene, the total volume of the solution
would be
(a) > 20 ml (b) < 20 ml
(c) = 20 ml (d) cannot be predicted
13. At 25°C, the vapour pressure of pure methyl alcohol is 92 Torr. Mole fraction of CH3OH in a solution
in which vapour pressure of CH3OH is 23 Torr at 25°C is
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.75
(c) 0.50 (d) 0.66

14. The vapour pressure of pure liquid solvent A is 0.80 atm. When a nonvolatile substance
B is added to the solvent, its vapour pressure reduces to 0.60 atm. Mole fraction of the component B
in the solution is
(a) 0.50 (b) 0.25
(c) 0.75 (d) 0.40

15. At 40°C, the vapour pressure (in Torr) of methyl and ethyl alcohol solutions is represented
PB
by PTotal = 119XA + 135 where XA is the mole fraction of methyl alcohol. The value of at
XB
PA
lim X A 0 and at lim XB 0 are
XA
(a) 135 Torr & 254 Torr (b) 135 Torr & 230 Torr
(c) 119 Torr & 135 Torr (d) 140 Torr & 135 Torr
16. Dry air was passed successively through a solution of 5g of a solute in 180 g of water and then
through pure water. The loss in weight of solution was 2.5 g and that of pure solvent was 0.04 g.
The molecular mass of the solute is
(a) 31.25 g (b) 3.125 g
(c) 312.5 g (d) none of these

17. Consider the following solutions

I. 1 M urea
III. 1 M aq. potassium chloride
Select the incorrect statement
(a) II is hypotonic of I, III and IV
(c) All are isotonic solutions
II. 1 M acetic acid in benzene
IV. 1 M ammonium phosphate
(b) IV is hypertonic of I, II and III
(d) I, III and IV are hypertonic of II

18. Which of the following solution in water will have the highest freezing point?
(a) solution which is 0.1 M in KNO3 and 0.2 M in Ba(NO3)2.
(b) solution which is 0.1 M in Ca(NO3)2 and 0.1 M Ba(NO3)2.
(c) solution which is 0.2 M in urea and 0.2 M glucose.
(d) solution which is 0.1 M both in Al2(SO4)3 and 0.1 M K2SO4.

19. To 10 ml of 0.1 M BaCl2 solution, 0.2 ml of 3M Na2SO4 is added. BaSO4 precipitate is formed.
Assuming that BaSO4 is completely insoluble, which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Freezing point is raised. (b) Freezing point is lowered.
(c) Freezing point does not change. (d) Boiling point is lowered.

20. Total vapour pressure of mixture of 1 mole of A ( PA = 150 torr) and 2 mole of B ( PB = 240 torr) is 200
torr. In this case:
(a) there is a positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
(b) there is a negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(c) there is no deviation from Raoult’s law.
(d) molecular masses of A and B are also required for calculating deviation.

21. Both methanol and triphenyl methanol undergo complete ionisation in 100% H2SO4. One mole of
methanol lowers the freezing point of 1000 g of 100% sulphuric acid by x K. What will be the
 depression in freezing point of 1000 g of 100% sulphuric acid by one mole of triphenyl methanol in
Kelvin? Reply considering the following reactions:
MeOH + H2SO4  MeOH2+ + HSO4–
Ph3COH + H2SO4  Ph3COH2+ + HSO4–
Ph 3 COH2  Ph 3 C   H2 O
H2 O  H2 SO 4  H3 O   HSO 4
(a) x (b) 2x
(c) 3x (d) cannot be predicted.

22. At 55°C, ethanol has a vapour pressure of 168 mm, and the vapour pressure of methyl cyclohexane
is 280 mm. A solution of the two, in which the mole fraction of ethanol is 0.68, has a total vapour
pressure of 376 mm. This solution is formed from its components with
(a) the evolution of heat.
(b) the absorption of heat.
(c) neither absorption nor evolution of heat.
(d) nothing can be predicted on the basis of the given information.
23. Which one of the following properties is preferred in determining the molecular weight of unknown
organic compound?
(a) Lowering of vapour pressure. (b) Depression in freezing point.
(c) Elevation in boiling point. (d) Osmotic pressure.

24. Water and chlorobenzene are immiscible liquids. Their mixture boils at 90°C under a reduced
pressure of 9 × 104 Pa. The vapour pressure of pure water at 90°C is 7 × 104 Pa. Mass percentage
of chlorobenzene in the distillate is equal to
(a) 45 (b) 56
(c) 64 (d) 72

25. Two liquids A and B have vapour pressure in the ratio of PA : PB  1 : 2 at a certain temperature.
Suppose that we have an ideal solution of A and B in the mole fraction ratio A : B = 1 : 2, the
mole percent of A in the vapour in equilibrium with the solution at the given temperature is

(a) 20 (b) 25
(c) 35 (d) 75

Subjective
1. The boiling point of a solution of 0.105 g of a substance in 15.84 g of ether was found to be 0.1°C
higher than that of pure ether. What is molecular weight of solute?
Given: Kb (ether) = 21.6 K mole1 per 100 g.

2. The coolant usually contains a solution of antifreeze prepared by mixing equal volumes of ethylene
glycol, C2H4(OH)2 and water. The density of ethylene glycol is 1.113 g cm3. Calculate the freezing
point of the mixture. Given: Kf for water = 1.86 kg mol1 K.

3. Calculate the amount of ice that will separate out on cooling a solution containing 50 g of ethylene
glycol in 200 g water to 9.3°C. Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K mole1 kg.

4. A 0.001 molal solution of Pt(NH3)4Cl4 in water had a freezing point depression of 0.0054°C. What is
the formula of complex? Given: Kf(H2O) = 1.86 kg mol1 K. Assume 100% ionisation of the complex.

5. When 2 g of a nonvolatile hydrocarbon containing 94.4% carbon is dissolved in

100 g of benzene, the vapour pressure of benzene at 20°C is lowered from 0.09954 bar to 0.09867
bar. Calculate the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.

6. An unknown compound is immiscible with water. It is steam distilled at 98°C and

P = 737 Torr. PH2O = 707 Torr at 98°C. This distillate was 75% by weight water. Calculate the
molecular weight of the unknown.

7. The vapour pressure of benzene and toluene at 20°C are 75 mm of Hg and 22 mm of Hg

respectively. 23.4 g of benzene and 64.4 g of toluene are mixed. If they form ideal solution, calculate
 the mole fraction of benzene in the vapour phase when vapours are in equilibrium with the liquid
mixture.

8. The vapour pressure above a solution of 5 g acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in 100 g H2O (PH2O  23.756 Torr
at 25°C) was 23.40 Torr and in 100 g C6H6 (PC6H6 = 72.5 Torr at 25°C) was 70 Torr. Assuming
HC2H3O2 to be nonvolatile, use these data to discuss the intermolecular bonding in HC2H3O2.

9. 1.1 g CoCl3.6NH3 was dissolved in 100 g of water. The freezing point of solution was 0.306°C. How
many moles of solute particles exist in solution for each mole of solute introduced? Given: Kf (H2O) =
1.86 K mole1 kg.

10. The melting point of a solution containing 0.522 g camphor and 0.0386 g of an unknown compound
was 433.85 K. If the unknown compound was a hydrocarbon containing 7.7% H, find its molecular
formula. The molar mass of camphor is 152.2 g mol1 and its
Hfus = 6.844 kJ mol1. The melting point of pure camphor is 451.55 K.

11. 1.0 kg of an aqueous solution of sucrose is cooled and maintained at 3.534°C. How much ice will
separate out if the molality of solution is one molal? ]
Given: Kf(H2O) = 1.86 kg mol1 K.

12. The vapour pressure of nhexane and nheptane at 273 K are 45.5 mm Hg and
11.4 mm Hg, respectively. What is the composition of a solution of these two liquids, if its vapour
pressure at 273 K is 37.3 mm Hg. (b) The mole fraction of nhexane in the vapour above a solution
of nhexane and nheptane is 0.75 at 273 K. What is the composition of the liquid solution?

13. A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene contains 1 mole each. If PT = 4.274 kN m2 and PB = 13.734
 

kN m2 at 300 K, then

(a) Calculate the pressure at which first vapour appears if the pressure over the mixture at 300 K is
reduced.
(b) What is the composition of the first trace of vapour formed?
(c) If the pressure is reduced further, at what pressure does the last trace of liquid disappear?
(d) What is the composition of the last trace of liquid?

14. 10 g of a weak monocarboxylic acid in 100 g of benzene freezes at 3.35°C. Assume that acid
undergoes complete association in benzene. Find the degree of dissociation of 10 g of acid in 100 g
of water whose freezing point is found to be 1.75°C. Given: Kf (H2O) = 1.86 K/m, Kf(benzene) =
5.12 K/m and freezing point of benzene = 5.51°C.

15. Two liquids, A and B have the same molecular weights and form an ideal solution. The solution of
composition xA has the vapour pressure 700 mm Hg at 80°C. The above solution is distilled without
reflux till ¾ of the solution is collected as condensate. The composition of the condensate is x A =
0.75 and that of residue is xA = 0.3. If the vapour pressure of the residue at 80°C is 600 mm,
calculate xA , PAo and PBo .
 Objective
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)

6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)

11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (a)

16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (b)

21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (a)

Subjective
1. 143.18 g mol1

2.  33.39°C

3. 38.71 g

4. [Pt(NH3)4Cl2]Cl2

5. C14H10

6. 141.4 g mol1

7. 0.59

8. HC2H3O2 exists as monomer in water and as dimmer in C6H6

9. 4

10. C12H12

11. 353 g

12. (a) Xn hexane = 0.76, Xnheptane = 0.24 (b) Xnhexane = 0.43, Xnheptane = 0.57

13. (a) 9.004 k N m2 (b) XT = 0.237 and XB = 0.763 (c) 6.519 k N m2
(d) X T = 0.76 and X B = 0.24

14. 0.115

15. 0.6375, 807.41 mm of Hg, 511.11 mm of Hg