Project Foundamentals of Physics

Name of student:E.C

Supervised by PhD. Afrim Alimeti

Fiber Optic

The field of fiber optics depends upon the total internal reflection of light rays traveling through tiny
optical fibers. The fibers are so small that once the light is introduced into the fiber with an angle
within the confines of the numerical aperture of the fiber, it will continue to reflect almost losslessly
off the walls of the fiber and thus can travel long distances in the fiber. Bundles of such fibers can
accomplish imaging of otherwise inaccessible areas.
Fiber Optic Imaging

Fiber optic imaging uses the fact that the light striking the end of an individual fiber will be
transmitted to the other end of that fiber. Each fiber acts as a light pipe, transmitting the light from
that part of the image along the fiber. If the arrangement of the fibers in the bundle is kept constant
then the transmitted light forms a mosaic image of the light which struck the end of the bundle.
When a ray of light light enters a dense medium, such as plastic or glass, it is refracted, or directed in
a different direction than its original path.

Diagr
am showing refraction, critical angle, and total internal reflection between two media, air and water.

Every medium that light can pass through has a critical angle, or maximum angle such that light
entering it is transmitted without being absorbed. This critical angle is dependent on the refractive
indices of both mediums.

Fiber optics is the use of transparent, flexible fiber to transmit light from one end to the other.
Fiber optic communication begins with converting an electrical signal to light. This light, generated by
a laser diode (LD) or light emitting diode (LED) is transmitted through one end of an optical fiber and
received on the other by a photodiode.

Fiber optics leverages the total internal reflection properties of optical fiber, which is also a function
of the refractive index of the fiber’s core and its cladding. With the right ratio between the two, light
from one end is reflected at the mediums’ boundary, or interface, and guided through the length of
the fiber.
 Total internal
reflection of light in a section of optical fiber.

Optical physics is the primary field of study that concerns fiber optics. Many of the fundamental
principles of RF transmission line theory, such as attenuation, insertion loss, return loss, and
dispersion, also apply.

Numerical Aperture

Fibers and other transmission media are evaluated by numerical aperture (NA), which is the sine of
the critical angle. The larger numerical aperture, the less precisely fiber cores can be aligned with
transmitters, receivers, and other fibers for light to be transmitted effectively.

PS (This video is just made by my self)

In this rar folder will be video of fiber optic light moving from point A where is the start to the point B
where is the end point.
Those are some photos with fiber optic splitter on laser from 1 to 1x16, that means we have 1 point
In(input of signal) and 16 outputs