Chobter-3; Methods of Civewst Proapsio @ Bo: INTRODucTION So far, we have anolged yelokwcly Simple cialis YS SHY Kiechhost's lows tn combinotion ith Ohwts low. This Apo cam be used dor aM civuuts bubas they Leceme more complicoked ard ‘involve Move ements, thin diveck methed becomes Very cumberdome. Sx this chopler, coe coil aptly these laws do develob ‘te powerbit Rechnigues thar aid in the analysis of Covsplen — covensh sbnchures. 4, Nodol Anclysis: Based on a systemodic ab Picokion of Kivchhot{'s crvvent lav (Kel). 2, Mesh Amelysis: tased on w Aystemokie abplicobion of Kirchhoff{l5" volkage law Ckvt). Using these ‘two eolmiques woe can awolye any \meor civeukt by dbkaining a bed of Aireulkoneous re Gn A= | G22 - - -7* San : , = ’ ‘ ’ eo Ons Onn a om x, ba X= | x be sg B ale 5 > a‘ oe uh Ris Sqpare (nxn) smobrix bile xX WDB ore column (mx) apne kyi ces. here an Severo csnekhedd for bvlving eqni(g-io), Qhese Imehude back subsiiwron, Gaussian livninokin, rok ix (myersion, Cramer's vule oud Tamerreal onalCramer's Rule Cramer's vule can be used Ap Solve he Ainuldavens eapakions . Accevding Xo Cramer's Pule , khe solukion of e4p-(Seig) is: Aa Eee as = Da aoa --- (Bie) On ee = a Wherve the A’s aye the determinants given by. Gy Ae eke Saunt tess a A=] Se O22 > Sn Aye | San oe “han, Se ‘ x Gy, Ono nn | > Gaertn, oo Brite eer : Bu) Sgp Sig o> By Opa [hoa be 77 Son 2 i ules Qy= [S22 Sn 7 Pa : roe : : a bn 7 7 San ‘ i m4 Ge em Note thot A is the dekerminant of mobrvix A amd Ay is the determinant of the mokyix famed by Feblouing rhe th column of moka A \y B.From San G42) ik is evident thot Cyomer’s sule Spbplies oy when Ato. When A=0 > the set of equohions hog Mo Unique Adlukion | becouse the |oyrakions ond \neary dependent. The value of the dekerminark A con be obkovned ‘A “Se porting cheng Be Sivsh you: Gay “Sig” es ay Sen ap Gag ~~ = Soy A= Waa, Se a en Oa ee ST Qn an = My BM FO Mgt ACD Oya -& 44) Where the mince My is on (y-t) xe L) dekerminart ay he wokvin famed by Abining oud Xho 4- th Ya ond f= th column. ‘The Volue ef A may also be obdoined by SRNR ohong the Strst calumnn; HL A= GyMy —9,,M,, + .,May +--+ Gt) OyyMng ~ -- (ets)Foy © 2x2 mobvix Qs2 0 433 Ry AyD As A=. a Mpjx 2 Gan 5 88s: 2) 9a2 2: Bias a 1 O= Oy CD) > ee aed 12 M3 Gan Gas +05) oy \e a) 22 G25 2 OF GyGr2Ggy 4 Aaya, Aig + Say S12 923 = Uy 42943) — Gop %39%i ~ Gog M2. Sa} Si (34) A simple wethed af cbtolaing the dekerminort fon 3x3 modrin is by ree pecking he Atrsrt awn Fows amd mnalkylyicge dhe Lens Hegowyy os Slew:® DR Gy Gyo 4ag + Boia Sis + A3)5)2 Aaa — Spars, — Oy,%5.04, — Xa3%e G2; - -(g9) Ex-S4: Detenmine the node Voltages tn the coreurk Bhoww in Fig. 3-3. a 4 A) 5 Arb Fig-3-3@): covet fy Ex-se4 Soln : Fig: 3: 3(&) hows the curentl for omolyss De Fig-33@), Fig.33b): Crvert for onelyfo f oviginok chrom h sroam in Fig. 3-30),Pk node 4, offing KEL ond Ch's Lava qeves 1, — VB, Wo 1 aS 4 ha ty4ty-a De= ty tty = #34, i = 2 oe A) Bt mode ae Brig = a5 ly Dogan Sie ate mee 2, —o0, FSU, = be = = Ai) y Aclving Saye) ond iy), woe ac Wy = 43-33 Volt, WU, = Zo Volt. Ex-3-2: Cohedols the node Uc\Neges in the chrawh sheen tn Fag-S-4lay. Fig.3-41a) : Civertt | for ~ercamble - 3-2ses Fig.-2-4(b) shows the ctvanih for ody of Feg.3-4(@). AL node 4, Gute dees Vi Ws, Vy, — we, 4 = 3M,-2U,-W, = 42 --4y AL Mode 2, Lo = dy thy 2 Mew, _ Br ae ao 2 saat g Gl —4M470,—Wso . cyi) on \ o ii (ul) pre GN‘ Aves yd om re oe Ga —'n)z @® ¢. 1) > cK ee fille - Sheelae rn r~ C- ‘e “woh Kuspoul Wi t AML FWA 3s5y a oz *n + HE - Faz s 3 3 b AG tg ie oy tte = 7 esy ‘€ mpow +4*¥ Magni rei er . 5 el A a atl bee \e Bary s =UDO +O —24-0-0448 0 +14440-168-6- 6 4.3 Volk 2-4 Votk = —2-4 Volt.wy 3.3: NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VoUTAQE Sources We coil] Now considep hoe voltage Asuras offer adok awalysts « For the purpise of -explonokion consider Fig-35- Fig 35; A biwple ctremid uth a subernode In Fig.a-5, « Volkoge Source is connected between the peference node (Wede ©) and a nenyeference node (node a) revere, valkoge ob Kho nonveferencr Node 0-05, - 0-402 4+ 035, = 0 - - Ally)Saving ame), {ii) ond Wi), we obkoin @s) Ws AB: 45 Volk; W, = 72.73 Volt 5 we 27-07 Volk. Sisal Node voltage mekhed , determine Sue the currenk&R Ge ef the Crunk on ven am Fxg. 3-23: 0-25 va Fig-S43: Coruat for Ex-3-8 Sdn. pk node 4, dy +4, +4 =0 NE Mee =5 o-25 as 225 = Se Ste ee ---A) At node 2, 4,44 = 43 z, Wyte 4k ar ce : 2 Wy-3m,=—4 ----UD At mode 3, dy = Att,Dice aera O2> o5 4M, 40, = 2 = = 24-3, = Q - - --\rin) Saving San), Wi) and Gi), we gek . 4 ; = 13 my -£ Voit, WB, = Se voit 5 Wy a Voy aoe gs, — UW Go etee Ue See (=e 2)- 22 bent 0-25 ‘ Caras s A tg = hath = (ee -#)=-2 er Sen = 2, = 2xlF- 20 H 4, = LBy ea P { = =\3\ = = 26 hy = an, = 2x( 78) = 28 pnb. EXOSA: Deterwine the volknges wy, vw, ond Wy of the civetk as dimen in Fig.3-44 FAg-8-44: Ciraas for EX-Z4AL mode 4, dy a 4, thy A2—-Vy ‘Dy ge ee a az 3 asa eS Zz 4 ES 6 +318 +4, — 2,26 --- (ir) oe Nokes, Way, : : ; 2 2B pis tt ath . noo Nic 10, | Srey cre ate es ies a+ = 3 Ga z 2 s 5 +28, —12%; =o - -- Vi) Sdving eqns.) jw) avd Gi) , We ob kevin W= Wy = 4-696 Volt; = — 2767 Vote; = 4-494 Volk.Derermine Wy, W and Wz, of the craw Ex-3-40; shran in Fig.3-45 Using nodol analyse. 40 Volt Fig.-3-45: Civesh for Ex-3-do Schn- Bom Fxg.3-15, Vy = Ao Volk AL node 4, — * a. seit alpen ers aS Soawe=: 22, — W, —10 4o~ Wy ies z 3u,-U, =32 --AD Je Mode 2, w Yl s wwU, +S + a AG x Wow, +e + bee =o Pip ee 4-0Saving eqn ti) ond (iy), we obkerin, Wy = 17428 Volt Ww = 20+ 285 Volt. Current ty = pee - (7 428 — (0) = 7.426 Amp. [pence re (i Seana cen) =k Ag = wt 2 = (17-428-20 25) = 2857 Amb. Lye MoU (0= 20-285 5.442 arb. eB z z EX-3-44: Determine W, st medal analysis of the civamh vwhoan in Fig. 2Anp ig- 3-46. VAg.3: (6: Civett fer Ex-3-44 ise —" AL wode 4, NoMa se toe a Bie Sop g 20 (2 +. 341, — 15% — do, = 240 -- -W Similely od node 2, —38Y, + 43W,— 6,20 - - (1) Siowilantyy ok mode 3, BU, + ISU, — 26, = 120 - LN Selvieg Cg) Li) and Gin), we get, B= 0-03 ro wens bridge cil G boloweed.