CAT 2 NOVEMBER 2022

Research and discuss with citations and references the role of Ethics in
Research (4 pages maximum with references)

Research ethics are the moral principles that govern how researchers should
carry out their work. These principles are used to shape research regulations
agreed by groups such as university governing bodies, communities or
governments. All researchers should follow any regulations that apply to their
work
Ethical norms also serve the aims or goals of research and apply to people who
conduct scientific research or other scholarly or creative activities.
The following are the roles of ethics in research

ETHIcS in research has got a very positive impact because it helps to

ensure that researchers can be held accountable to the public (Cohen, 2011).
Ethics in research helps to build public support for research. People are
more likely to fund a research project if they can trust the quality and integrity
of research (Soeters, 2014)
Ethics in research promotes the values that are essential to collaborative work,
such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness

Ethics in research ensures respect for persons and their autonomy and
protection for those with diminished autonomy– have some control over what is
happening to them in research Maintain the cooperation of participants for future
researchers

Groh (2018), opined that research is accountable to the public and ethical
norms around misconduct promote accountability. This is not only accountability for
funding purposes, as the it is fair and reasonable that public funds are used
appropriately, but also accountable for the accuracy and value of the research
outcomes shared with the public for implementation and understanding.
 Furthermore, Groh, Arnold (2018) opined that ethics in research increases
accountability not only is ethical research likely to increase accountability, it is

also likely to help build trust in research.

Ethics in research promotes transparency. When we have appropriate

policies in place, processes to share results, norms to collaborate and interact
with our research subjects and we remain transparent about the process of
research we create trust

Research is rarely done by individuals alone. Research is by its very

nature a collective activity, which increasingly involves extensive cooperation
and coordination between individuals, across disciplines, between different
institutions and across different countries. This complex and essential
cooperation and collaboration is meaningful in relation to the aims of research
only when it is based on trust, accountability, mutual respect and fairness.
Many ethical norms and considerations are important as they promote these
values (Cohen et al. 2011).

According to Creswell, John W. (2014) research norms promote

the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For
example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting
research data promote the truth and minimize error.
In the study of Liu, Alex (2015), ethics is seen to create a protective
framework for research, where it guards for the internal functioning of research
work through collaboration, it protects the subjects of research and promotes
positive transfer of research knowledge into the public sphere.

Many of the norms of research promote a variety of other

important moral and social values, such as social responsibility, human rights,
animal welfare, compliance with the law, and public health and safety. Ethical
lapses in research can significantly harm human and animal subjects,
students, and the public. For example, a researcher who fabricates data in a
clinical trial may harm or even kill patients, and a researcher who fails to abide
by regulations and guidelines relating to radiation or biological safety may
jeopardize his health and safety or the health and safety of staff and students.
Since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and
coordination among many different people in different disciplines and
institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to
collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness.
For example, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for
authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies, and
confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed to protect intellectual property
interests while encouraging collaboration. Most researchers want to receive
credit for their contributions and do not want to have their ideas stolen or
disclosed prematurely (Soeters et al. 2014).
Do not copy and paste from the internet, do the research and write up in
your own words
References

Cohen, N.; Arieli, T. (2011). "Field research in conflict environments:

Methodological challenges and snowball sampling". Journal of Peace
Research. 48 (4): 423–
436. doi:10.1177/0022343311405698. S2CID 145328311.

Soeters, Joseph; Shields, Patricia and Rietjens, Sebastiaan. 2014. Handbook of

Research Methods in Military Studies New York: Routledge.

Talja, Sanna and Pamela J. Mckenzie (2007). Editor's Introduction: Special

Issue on Discursive Approaches to Information Seeking in Context, The
University of Chicago Press.

Creswell, John W. (2014). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and

mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage. ISBN 978-1-4522-
2609-5.

Liu, Alex (2015). "Structural Equation Modeling and Latent Variable

Approaches". Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 1–
15. doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0325. ISBN 978-1118900772.

Groh, Arnold (2018). Research Methods in Indigenous Contexts. New York:

Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-72774-5.