INDI EPITELIAL

Dr. Shk. Daniela XHEMALAJ

Objektivi I leksionit per epitelin:

• funksionet dhe tipet e epitelit

• Struktura e epitelit
• Tipet e epitelit mbulues
• Tipet e epitelit glandular
 Funksionet of Epithelium

• mbulues I siperfaqeve te jashtme

• mbulues I siperfaqeve te brendshme
• Mbrojtja
• Absorbimi
• Sekretimi
• Ndjeshmeria
• Kontraksioni
 • FUNKSIONET E INDIT EPITELIAL

1. Mbrojtes
2. Mbeshtetes
3. Thithes
4. Sekretuese
5. Merr pjese ne procesin e
frymeshkembimit

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 • INDI EPITELIAL
• Eshte I vetmi indi qe bie ne kontakt me
mjedisin e jashtem.
Vecorite e indit epitelial:
1. Ka pozicion kufitar.
2. Nuk ka ene gjaku.
3. Qelizat kane specializime morfologjike.
4. Ka veti te theksuara rigjeneruese.
5. Ka veti te deskuamohet.
6. Ne disa lloje epitelesh qelizat kane polaritet te
theksuar.

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Epithelial
cells Basement membrane
MESOTHELIUM
(SIMPLE
SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM)
view from surface
1 - nucleus of cell
2 - cell borders
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

Nuclei of the epithelial cells are shown with

an arrow
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE COLUMNAL
EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
• Klasifikimi funksional
• epitel thithes
• epitel mbrojtes
• epitel respirator
• epitel gjerminativ
• epitel jashteqites (ekskretor )
• Klasifikimi morfologjik
• epiteli njeshtresor
• epiteli shumeshtresor
 Vecorite e indit epitelial
• .qelizat
• .cipa themelore
• .s’ka ene gjaku
• .ka veti te theksuara rigjeneruese
• .qeliza me polaritet
• INDI EPITELIAL ndahet ne :
• 1-indi epitelial mbulues
• 2-epiteli gjendror
• Epiteli njeshtresor
• .i sheshte (ne veshin e brendshem )
• mezoteli (ne cipat seroze )-kane aftesi thithese dhe
sekretuese
• .kubik (ne gypat e veshkes , ne folikulat e gjendres tiroide )
• .cilindrik (stomak , zorre , miter ,etj )
• .njeshtresor prizmatik qerpikor (ne bronket e vogla , ne miter
dhe gypat e saj )
• KLASIFIKIMI MORFOLOGJIK
Mbulues Gjendror

NJESHTRESORE SHUMESHTRESORE A. Gjendrat endokrine:(hormone-inkrete)

Sheshte Sheshte 1. hipofiza

Kubik Kubik 2. epifiza

Cilindrik Kalimtar 3. Gjendra tiroide

Cilindrik me cilie 4. Gjendra paratiroide

Nje shtrese me shume 5. Gjendra mbiveshkore

radhe cilindrike.

B.Gjendrat ekzokrine:(adenomer)

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 Simple epithelium: one layer of cells

Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple ciliated columnar epithelium

 Epithelial cells have different shapes

squamous cells are flat cuboidal cells are cute and boxy

columnar cells are tall and regal

 Simple Squamous Epithelium

Flattened
squamous cells in a
single layer

Endothelium is simple squamous epithelium.

It lines blood and lymphatic vessels.
 Simple Squamous Epithelium

Flattened
squamous cells in a
single layer

Mesothelium is simple squamous epithelium.

It lines serous cavities (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum).
 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Cuboidal
cells
in one cute
layer

Duct linings often have simple cuboidal epithelium,

like this smallish duct in the pancreas.
SIMPLE
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
COLUMNAR
CILIATED
EPITHELIUM
SIMPLE
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
COLUMNAR
CILIATED
EPITHELIUM
1 - basal membrane
2 - cilia at the apical
surface of
the epithelial cells
STRATIFIED
SQUAMOUS
NONKERATINISING
EPITHELIUM
1 - basal layer
2 - intermediate layer
3 - superficial layer
STRATIFIED
SQUAMOUS
KERATINISING
EPITHELIUM
(EPIDERMIS)
1 - basal layer
2 - prickle cell layer
(stratum spinosum)
3 - granular layer
4 - lucidar layer
5 - cornified layer
STRATIFIED
SQUAMOUS
KERATINISING
EPITHELIUM
(EPIDERMIS)
1 - basal layer
2 - prickle cell layer
(stratum spinosum)
3 - granular layer
4 - lucidar layer
5 - cornified layer
TRANSITIONAL
EPITHELIUM
(UROTHELIUM)
1 - basal layer
2 - superficial layer
 Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Several layers
of squamous
epithelial
cells

Mucous membranes are composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

How is covering/lining epithelium
categorized?

Shape of superficial cells Number

of cell layers

Presence of specialized structures

• Cilia
• Microvilli
• Keratin
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
goblet cell cilia

Respiratory epithelium is pseudostratified columnar,

with goblet cells and ciliated cells.
 Simple Columnar Epithelium
goblet cell
microvilli

The epithelium of the small intestine is simple columnar,

with goblet cells and absorptive cells with microvilli.
 Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Keratin

Squamous
cells
in several
layers

Keratin covers areas where skin is thin but needs protection.

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
No keratin!

Squamous
cells
in several
layers

Areas that are always moist (like the esophagus) are often lined by
stratified squamous epithelium without a layer of keratin.
• Sipas ndertimit te zones sekretore te
gjendres dallohen:
• .gjendra gypthore
• .gjendra hojezore (alveolare)
• .gjendra gyphojezore(tubuloalveolare)
• .gjendra gypolemshezore(tubuloglomerulare)
•
• Sipas menyres se nxjerrjes se lendes sekretuese:
• 1-gjendra merokrine
• 2-gjendra apokrine
• 3-gjendra holokrine
Merocrine gland

• Secretes by merocrine
mode of secretion:
exocytosis of product at
apical end of cell.
• By far the most common
type of exocrine gland
based on mode of
secretion.
Apocrine gland

• Secretion occurs by loss

of large amount of
apical cytoplasm.
• Example: mammary
glands.
Holocrine gland

• Secretion occurs by
disintegration of
secretory cells.
• Example: sebaceous
glands.
• Sipas lendes qe sekretojne:
• .gjendra seroze(albumoze)
• .gjendra mukoze
• .gjendra te perziera
• Nga numri I lendeve qe sekretojne:
• .gjendra homokrine
• .gjendra heterokrin
Pemphigus vulgaris
• A blistering disease in
which patients make
autoantibodies to
desmoglein proteins
• Epithelial cell connections
(spot desmosomes) loosen,
causing fluid accumulation
and superficial blisters
Bullous pemphigoid
• A blistering disease
in which patients
make autoantibodies
to “bullous
pemphigoid antigen”
in hemidesmosome
attachment plaques
• Epithelial cells detach
from basal lamina,
causing fluid
accumulation and
blister formation