IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION

Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

BA IN INTERIOR ARCHITECURE

BUILDING SCIENCE 141

ASSIGNMENT: PASSIVE DESIGN

STUDENT NAME: SMRITI KARNA

SEMESTER: 1ST

BATCH: 2022

REGESTRATION NO: BIA/LIM/2022

LECTURER NAME: IA SALINA KHAWAS

SUBMISSION DATE: 5TH MAY, 2022

DATE RECEIVED BY LECTURER:………………………

DATE RETURN TO STUDENT:…………………………….

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 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that this project has been made by Ms. SMRITI KARNA for the
successful completion of the project assigned in.............................

_______________________

Ms Shailaja Adhikary lecturer

Managing Director of IEC College of Art & Fashion IA Salina Khawas

IEC College of Art & Fashion

 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely acknowledge with thanks to IEC College of Art & Fashion,

Kathmandu for providing me an excellent opportunity to work in this
project.

I would like to express my gratitude to our lecturer IA Salina Khawas of IEC

College, Kathmandu for her excellent support.

Finally I would like to thank my college & batch mates for their kind co–
operation and assistance.

________________
Student Name: Smriti Karna
Batch: 2022

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 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 Objective
 Introduction of site
 Analysis of building
 Problems of the building
 Passive design strategies
 Demolished plans
 Conclusion
 references

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 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

INTRODUCTION
What is passive design?

Passive design' is design that works with the local climate to

maintain a comfortable temperature in the home. Good passive
design should reduce or eliminate the need for additional
heating or cooling depending on your location. It is best to use
passive design principles when designing or building a new

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 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

home. For the old houses, passive design can be added through
renovations or simple home improvements.

OBJECTIVE
 To study the building
 To apply passive design strategies
 To minimize the use of artificial devices
 To maintain thermal balance

INTRODUCTION OF SITE

1. Location
2. Average temperature
3. Solar radiation
4. Wind direction
5. Precipitation
6. Humidity
7. Form of the building
8. Plan/layout

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 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

1.Location

The building is lies in terai region. It is located in Janakpur,

Pradesh 2. The building covers an area of 338.63 square meter.

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 IEC COLLEGE OF ART & FASHION
Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

2. Average Temperature

• Janakpur is cold in the winter (0to 10 degrees Celsius)

months are December and January.
• It is hot in the summer (35 to 45 Celsius )April to mid-June
• The monsoon months of June, July, August, and September
see good rainfall.
• October & November and February & March have
pleasant climate.
The tropical region is an uncomfortable climate zone which
receives a large amount of solar radiation resulting into high

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temperature. It has moderate level of relative humidity. This

place also has long sunny days throughout the year.

3.Solar Radiation

Solar radiation is the main contributor to heat gains in

buildings, especially in residential buildings, where internal
gains are very low. Solar radiation levels are dependent on the
time of day and on the sun's angle toward Earth. This angle will
vary by latitude and season. The greater the angle of the sun,
the more ozone that sunlight must pass through to reach the
surface.

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In the context of Janakpur, the longest sunny days lies in the

month of June. And the shortest days lies in the month of
December. Looking at the above graph, we see that Janakpur

has hot climate. So the buildings must be designed providing

shading and cooling techniques.

4.Wind speed

The plan form of a building affects the airflow around and

through it. It could either aid or hinder the natural flow of wind
which may result in heating or cooling of the building.
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In janakpur, the wind flows from north east to south west.

5.Humidity
Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air.
Humidity also affects the performance of buildings, causing
condensation, mould growth, mildew, staining, slip
hazards, damage to equipment and the corrosion and
decay of the building fabric as well as poor performance of
insulation.

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6.Precipitation

Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms in the

atmosphere and falls back to the Earth. It comes in many
forms, like rain, sleet, and snow. Along with evaporation and
condensation, precipitation is one of the three major parts of
the global water cycle.

The average annual rainfall in Janakpur is about 53.8 inch,

most of which falls in the period from June to September.

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Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

7.Form of the building

My building is a 1 storey residential building. It is in a

rectangular shape. It has 4 bedroom, 2 bathroom, 1
compound, 1 kitchen and dining and a courtyard.

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Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

8.Plan/Layout

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Analysis of building

1. Orientation
2. Built in environment
3. Acoustic
4. Shading devices
5. Materials used and thermal mass
6. Thermal comfort

1.Orientation

Talking about the main entrance of the building, it is

located in the east. On the north side, there are vast farm
lands. The south and the east faces the roadside. Also on
the west side, there is another building.

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2. Built in environment

Built environment, or built world, refers to the human-made

environment that provides the setting for human activity,
including homes, buildings, zoning, streets, sidewalks, open
spaces, transportation options, and more.

Here in the context of this building,

1. there are farm lands in the north side.
2. A building on the western side
3. Roads on the southern and east side.

3. Acoustic

It is a disturbance which passes through a physical medium in

the form of longitudinal wave from a source to a receiver
causing a sensation of hearing.
My building is located on the corner of the village which I why
there are not much people walking on that path. So no
disturbing sounds can be heard.
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4. Shading device

What is shading device used for?

 reduce unwelcome solar gains: ...
 reduce cooling loads in summer: ...
 reduce electricity consumption: ...
 lighting control: ...
 provide good quality lighting without glare: ...
 external vision: ...
 use of space indoor / outdoor: ...
 UV protection

Now in the area like Janakpur, we need shading devices to

prevent the direct sunlight. And in my building, there are
already shading devices provided by the roof. The roofs are
made slanted from every sides and even around the compound
area.

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5. Materials used
Brick
Bricks are used in walls which was added through renovations
because the mud wall was falling off.
Concrete
Concrete floors are used as the mud floors would get dirty. Also
it is the most used and effective material to use.
Timber
The windows and doors are made up of timber. It is also one of
the local material.
Bamboo and jute
They are used in ceiling. Bamboo are very strong to hold the
jute and the jutes are very effective in absorbing the heat.

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Thermal mass
Thermal mass is the ability of a material to absorb, store and
release heat. Thermal lag is the rate at which a material
releases stored heat.

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6.Thermal comfort and Problems of the building

Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that expresses

satisfaction with the thermal environment.
In the context of my building, there is very less thermal comfort
provided which can also be listed as the problems of the
building.

There are small widows provided which doesn’t allow enough

sunlight to enter into the rooms. Also there is no proper air
circulation.

There are thick doors provided in the rooms. And because the
shading device blocks half of the daylight, it is more dark inside
the room.

The roofs are very low. And as we know that the hotter air stays
above while the cold air stays below. Now when the roofs are
smaller the hot air stays more below than usual which is why
we feel more hot.

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Affiliated with Limkokwing University of Creative Technology

Passive design strategies

Passive design strategies take advantage of natural energy

opportunities as they relate to the location of the building’s
site, the local climate.

Using the passive design strategies, I renovated the original

plan by adding more windows, changing the size of the
windows and also the type of the door and window. Also I
changed the height of the ceiling and made it a little higher.
Below are the examples of the doors and windows that I kept in
my demolished design.

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Conclusion
I took a 1 storey residential building located in terai region
which has temperate climate and renovated it according to
passive design building by changing the windows, doors and
roofs. Now after the renovation, there is thermal comfort
maintained as there is proper air circulation and sunlight
passing through the rooms.

References

https://naphnetwork.org 
www.yourhome.gov.au › passive-design

Janakpur climate: Average Temperature, weather by month ...

https://en.climate-data.org › nepal › janakpur-51372

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