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Chap 10
Chap 10
1 0
S te riliz a tio n
10.
1
1 n tro d u d io n
I f a c 山 比ばe m e d iu m o r a p a r t o 一也 e e q u lp m e n t u Se d fb r 良 m e n ta tio n b e c o m e s
C O n ta m in ated by livin g fb reign m icroo rgan ism s,血e targ et m icroo rg an ism s m u st
g row in com p etition w i血 血e co n tam in atin g m icroo rg an ism s,
W h i血 山 11 n ot on ly
C Oユ
1Su m e n u trielltS b u t also m ay p rod u ce llarm 血I p rod u cts.¶1u S,n Ot O n ly 血e
m e d iu m b u t a ls o all o r 血 e fさm e n ta tio n e q u ip m e n t b e in g u s e d ,in c lu d in g 血 e
10.
2
K i n e t i亡 S O r th e T h e rm a l D e a t h o † ⊂ e lls
一芸 = 如 ( 10 .
1)
W h ere γ
l is 血e n u m b er or c ells in a sy stem .¶1e tem p eratu re de p en d e n ce o r th e
S p e C i丘c d e a 血 ra te たd is g lV e n b y E q u a tio n l O .
2 ,W h i血 is sim ila r to E q u a tio n 3 .
6:
たd = たd。e ▲即 灯 (10 .
2)
1 n 芸 =−た
dO /er岬 血 ( 10 .
3)
10.
3
B a t⊂h H e a t S t e r i l i z a t i o n o f ⊂ u l t u r e M e d i a
W h e r e 托0 ,托h 。
at a n d γ
1h 。
1d a re 血 e n u m b e rs o r v ia b le ce lls a t 血 e b e g in n in g a n d a t 血 e
e n d s o r h eatin g an d h old in g cyd e s,reSp eCtiv ely・ S in ce 血 e tem p era仙re is k ep t
C O n Stan t d u rin g 血e h o ldin g cyd e ,
1n慧 =払oe ̄
叫 hold (10
・5)
( a) (b ) (C )a n d (d )
S team
一−・● −
O r W a ter
F jg ure lO.
1 M ode5 0f heat transfer わr ♭atch ste仙 z atjon.
( a ) D ire ⊂t Ste a m S P a rg in g ;(b ) co n sta n t rate h e a tin g ♭y
e lec tric h e a te r;(⊂) h e atin g b y ⊂O n d e n s in g ste a m (is o th e rm al
h e a t so u r⊂e );
(d )c o o lin g ♭y w a te r( n o n is o th e rm a =1e a t Sin k).
T a b le lO .
1 T e m p e ratu re v e rs u s tim e re lat io n s h ip s in b atc h
S t e r iliz a t io n ♭y v a r io u s h e a t in g m e th o d s .
H eating m ethod Te m p e ra t u re M J im e fり
r e la tio n s h ip
E x am ple lO .
1
S 0 lu tio n
O K is
可= U A(㌔ 一 丁)
1 5 名 T O 5 書β〟 J止 〃始 れ
叫 芸 = 叫 ㌔ 一丁)
T =い (れ一榊 p(一卦
1 0.
4
⊂o n t in u o u s H e a t S t e r i l i z a t i o n o f ⊂ u l t u r e M e d i a
S d lem atican y F ig u re l O
・2a an d b・ In th e sy stem h eated b y d irect steam in iectio n
( F igu re lO・2a )
,血e stea m h e ats 血e m ed iu m to a sterilizatio n tem p eratu re q u ickly,
a n d 血 e m ediu m 且ow s 血 rou gh 血 e h o ldin g sectio n a t a con stan t tem p era山 re ,ir
血e h e at lo ss in 血 is sed ion is n e gligible .T h e sterile m ed iu m is co oled b y a d iab atic
e xp an sion 血ro u g h an exp an sion valv e.In 血e in d irect h eatin g system(Figure
lO.
2b)
,血e m edium ish eated indired y by steam ,
u Su ally in a plate−
an d血am e一
切)e
h e ater,b e払re en terin g 血e h old in g se d on・ In b o血 sy ste m s 血 e m e d iu m is p re−
h e ated in a h eat ex ch an g er b y 血 e h ot m ed iu m le aⅥn g 血 e h o ldin g sed ion・ In su d l
C O n tin u ou s system s,血e m ed iu m tem p era山re can b e raised m o re rap id ly to 血e
S terilizin g tem p era山 re 血an in b at血 ster山za也on ,an d 血e resid e n ce tim e in 血e
h o ld in g se d on m ain ly d eterm in es 血 e d eg ree or sterilization ・
If 血 e a ow or 血 e m ed iu m in 血 e h old in g sed io n w ere an id ea l plu g 且ow ,也 e
d egree or sterilizatio n co山 d b e estim ate d 丘o m 血 e average reside n ce tim e Th。
1d in
血e h old in g sed on b y E qu atio n lO・6:
1n 聖 = たdO e 一旦何 でh 。
1d (1 0・6 )
作r
Steam 主 H。
1。hgs。
血
叩eCtioI】
In d ire c t b e a te r
H o ld in g se c tio n
Fl≡ ;
ご毒
S te
a m
Sterile
S te r i l e
Heatexchanger
H e a t e x c h a n g e r
medium
m e d iu m
予 「
R aw m edium R a w m e d i u m
( a)H eatexch皿gerand con血 uous steam 叫 ection (b)H eatexchanger and indirectheater
1 00
】
+J
∧
h l l∃
U
昌 l l)
戸
月 : ぢ
ト
1
l
︵p 上く 月 −凹 = 一
1
E x p ed e n ta l
ト
・︵♪−︶
」
、 −− − − − 、
lm ーーーーー■
e o r e t ic a
l
0 .
1
川3 10 4 10 5 (l ‘
1
(R e )= d Y P 小
F ig u re lO .
3 ⊂o rr e la t io n fo r a x ia l d is p e r s io n c o e 冊 d e n t in p ip e 什o w ,( P e ) ̄1 v e r s u s ( R e ).
1 0
TO 5 fβr /Jfz α t ′0 〃
F ig u re lO .
4 [
4】sh ow s 血 e re su lts fbr 血 eo reticalca lc山 ation s【5】b r 血 e ra也0 れ,血 e
n u m b e r o r v ia b le c e lls le a v in g 血 e h o ld in g s e d o n o r a c o n tin u o u s s te riliz e r,tO れ0,
(P e)=(止 /払 z) (10・7 )
( D a ) = たd 上ル ( 1 0・8 )
W h e re た
d is 血 e sp e c i丘c d e a血 ra te c o n sta n t(C f二E q u a 也o n l O .
2 )a n d L is 血 e le n g 血 o r
血e h o ld in g 仙b e ・
b a m p le lO .
2
A m e d iu m is to b e c o n tin u o u sly s te r 山 z e d a t a 且o w ra te o r 2 m 3 h −1 in a
S teriliz er b y d i r e d s t e a m i n j e d o n ( F i g u r e l O .
h old in g sed o n is m ain tain ed at 1 20 0C ,an d 血e tim e fb r h e atin g an d co olin g
c a n b e n e g le c te d・ n e b a d e ria l c o u n t o r 血 e e n te rin g m e d iu m ,2 × 1 0 12 m −3,
S 0 lu t io n
(a)
1n 聖
〈2 × 1 0 1 2( m  ̄3 ) × 2 ( m 3 h  ̄ 1 ) × 2 4 ( h /d a y ) × 3 0(d a y )
〉
ln
†
1
= 35 .
6
A v erag e h o ld in g tim e :
上 = 1 1 3 × 0 .2 9 4 = 33 .
2 m
(b )T h e R ey n old s n u m b er o r 血 e m ed iu m 且ow in g 血 ro u g h 血 e h o ld in g
tu b e is
0 .
1 5 × 1 1 3 × 9 5 0
1 .
6 4 × 1 0 4
( R e)
F ro m F ig u re lO .
3 ( P e )is a p p ro x im a te ly 2 .5 a t( R e )= 1 .
6 4 × 1 0 4 ,a n d
g D z = (1 1 3 × 0・1 5 )/2 .5 = 6 .
8
(P e )=孟 =三三
三埜 = 59 8
6 .8
a nd
(D a)=坦 =望 ヱ 空 =38.
5
V l 1 3
F ro m F i即 re lO .
4 ,血 e valu e o r れル 。is ap p r血 m ate ly 3 .
5 × 10  ̄16,an d alm ost
1 1 )  ̄1 1
1 0  ̄1 2
(P e)= 10
1 0  ̄1 3
20
30
1 0  ̄ 1 4
4 0
5 0
70
盲10  ̄
15
1 0  ̄1 ‘
1 0  ̄1 T
l O  ̄1 8
l
9
4
爪V
2
爪V
瓜V
几V
‘V
β0 1(柑 120 14 0
p a)
F ig u re l O・4 T h eo re ti⊂
a l p lots o r 〃/
恥 a S a fu n ⊂tio n o r(Pe )a n d (D a )
【4 】
・
TO 5 tβ rJJ/
z ♂ tfo ′I
1 62
l O.
5
S te ritizin g F ilt ra t io n
F ilterm em bran e
J age
、
●
′ ︰
こ、 一 ′ 一−
//
r\
ヽ
収
ヽ
n b ran e ///
S upportm em brane
ヽ
ヽ
ヽ
ヽ(
ヽ
′
ヽ
ヽ
r
‡
′
一 ▼ノ
■ 1 .
忙−
−\
F ig u re lO .5 A m e m ♭ra n e 何 te r o f b ld in g fa n −1ik e st ru c tu re .
l − ‘3
TO .
∫ 虫β〟JたJ〃g F 仙川f加
W h e r e 疋 is 血 e a d ju st m e n t 血
・C tO r ,r is 血 e m a 由m u m p o r e ra d iu s (m )
,♂ is 血 e
s u 血 ce ten sio n (N m  ̄1)
,a n d β血 e con tad an gle.n e h igh e r 血 e b u b ble p oin t,血 e
−、 野耶 _
‥
L iquid
】
l
b ′
!
㌔ ′′′
1
l
♂ ′′′
㌔ ′も 。 叫 −1J r
P o re
)
rad 山
′ 1
¢C O S () l
葦 丁
A ir p r e s s u r ¢
F ig u re l O .
6 P o re s iz e e stim atio n b y ♭u ♭b te p o in t m e as u re m e n t.
1 64 了0 5 fβ〟他 β如 〃
トPro ble m s
10 .
3 W h e n a c d 仙 re m e d iu m 月.
o w s in a c irc 山 a r 山 b e a s a la m in a r 凸o w ,d e te r m in e
血e fiad o n of 血 e m e diu m 血at p a sse s 血 ro u gh 血 e 仙b e w i血 a h ig h er v elo city
血an 血e ave rag ed liIlea r Velocity.
R efiren ⊂eS
I A ib a ,S .
,H u m p h re y ,A .
E.,a n d M illis , 5 Y a g i ,S ・ a n d M iy a u d 止 ,T ・ (1 ,S 3 )