~) nna Chemistry (imps) *Mololity = whe The valio of number of moles ot Sole to Mass of Solvent in kq Number of Moles of Solutey : g x1e00 Molahty = Mass o& Solvent in kas Ver Unit = melee = moles kq" (m) ae ¥ Molavity The vatio of qumbc? of Moles of Solute to Volume oF Solulion in lite Mle MAGA yy * Mole Fraction The ratio of Number of Moles, SOUT Hye + oF the sal Componen + ofa num 10) Mele soi bey of Moles of dl com ponen} Na Nat NeSUPT PTy PIC a SL PPP EEE * Solubility x ® Solu tit of a substance is tS moximum ama Yhot can be dissoved Ano opecitied Arnount ot Solvent ak 4% specited acnount ~ Factor alfecking solubility oF a Solid in Niqud aye = Temperatuve Pressure > Factor oHecking Solubility one gas \a Vigiud Overs Tempevaluy e PresuTe Forces $ Bond Henrys law The Solubility oF a gas in a Vigqiud is diged\y * Proportional 4o pyessuve of the ges Pax, Partial A DS Moles of Presuve gas oe “When dvive dive goes underwatey this body is subjected to high Pressure~ $Qullis Tau oat A sowequig Pottial Vapour, gresslivc \a a eek \S equal Yo Vapour pressuve ot Whe pute MulWpled by WS moles Frackon ‘9 sow tor ee To measuve lowe#ning of vapour pressure non -volahile Sawe ¥ Jdeai So)" A Solution where the intermoleculay invervackion b Saluke Solute (A-) 4 Solvent - Solvent (B-B) oe Similay to interaction belween Soluke - Sa\veat Ca-8) ek wee ¥ Non- Jdeal Sol® When a Solution does not obey Roult’s law fox all The concentraHon 4 temperature yanges * Positive deviation The Vapour Pyessuve observed is qyeater than Predicted 4 ocduys when the aitvacHons of A-B are lower than the adtvackon average in the Pure Portion of whe mixture Negative devialion Opposed ‘to the total Vapouy pressuve ot Sol” the total Vapour pressive, of Sol, Napouy pressure 's greater when both are mixed* Eo thaiphy “ o & measurement oF energy in a thermodynamic System * Reeotropes a mxtare oF Awe Vigiud hich has a cone ‘ sting Point 4 Composition Wroughout distillalon Miniamun boiling Azechropus 3. ethanal - watery @ Maximum boiling Reectropes 4° Ree wie acid f Waker % Osmotic’ pressure 1 SUITE Hak we need to appl +0 Stop. We flow o, Solvent mdecute from a duke Solwiol | to acontrated Sol0 rough a) Seri - Revientage a 4 . + Qsenesis Reese Osmosis detinahion a: a 3x Filler Hoe longer moleculaes. av impurities aa Bre allows “pure woter +o pass , Reess es . > Os rnosiS : 2% a low concentrated Solution passes Yo “3 con centyated SoiM Thyough o Semmiperment membraneKTYPes of Osmotic Pressure ~ Tsotonic Sol” — Hypertonic — Sol® | - Hy potonic So)? IKK 9 .