ENG COMPACT1 Catalogue

DIGITAL PROTECTION RELAY • DRS-COMPACT
POWER PLANT AUTOMATION
A company of DIGITAL SYSTEMS
ELIN Energieversorgung
ENERGY FOR THE WORLD. FOR A BETTER LIFE.
Digital and compact protection device for generators, generator-transformer units and transformers DRS-COMPACT
International Know-How Digital Protection Systems
Thanks to the over 100 years long experience in equipping Protection, excitation and synchronising systems of ELIN
of power plants and in power distribution ELIN Energie- Energieversorgung GmbH provide you with a reliable,
versorgung GmbH is a flexible supplier of most modern user well disposed, low-cost and flexible solution of your
technologies in a permanently changing market. Our individual problems. Our project engineers accompany
world-wide business relations obtain the necessary feed your project from the tender stage to starting-up and
back for our project and development engineers. purchase. Through this there is a clear and always competent
Through this our working procedures and our products interface to our customer. We strive for a correct, customer
are being optimised permanently to the advantage of our - orientated and quick completion, which has the base
customers. in quality, reliability and close contact like in a partnership.
Since the beginning of the seventies we are producing

Your Partner a complete protective relay range of the analog technique
being employed world wide. In the middle of the eighties
ELIN Energieversorgung GmbH is an international power the first digital relays have been applied. Since 1992 the
engineering company with the main areas of power Digital Relay System ELIN DRS® with the modular and
generation and power transmission and distribution. flexible relay system DRS-MODULAR is employed in
As the system supplier for hydroelectric and thermal power combination with the comfortable user software DRS-WIN
plants, power transmission and distribution we are your under MS Windows for visualisation and parametering.
ideal partner. The DRS-family was expanded 1994 with a communication
accessoir DRS-COM. As a consequent development
ahead after the successful DRS-MODULAR in our
philosophy of protection relays we designed and
developed the DRS-COMPACT, which is used in small
to medium sized plants and applied to new or existing
plants.
Quality
Use also our experience
With the ÖQS certificate the Austrian Organisation for and competence.
Certifying of Quality Safety Systems ÖQS confirms that Digital protection systems of
ELIN Energieversorgung GmbH has installed and uses ELIN Energieversorgung.
a quality safety system in accordance with ÖNORM
ISO 9001/EN 29001.
Digital Protection Relay DRS-COMPACT
Contents
Description and application 2

Standard types and list of all protective functions 4
Description of protective functions 5
Technical Data 48
Examples of application, wiring diagrams 56
Device circuit diagrams 60
Mechanical dimension diagram 62
Instructions for creating your own relay type 64
Selection and order data for
your own selected relay type 66
Service information and addresses 69
Fig. 1 Digital protection relay DRS-COMPACT
Essential features DRS-WIN
The software module DRS-WIN is an easily learnable tool

• Compact design for easy mounting ( Panel flush or for operating the relays of the DRS-family without the
projection mounting, 19" rack mounting ) need of looking for detailed descriptions with addresses
• Clear information for operating staff because of large and initiating procedures.
amount of LED indications ( 26 pcs.)
• The software package DRS-WIN, the modern MMI
• 16 annunciation relays, 8 trip relays
under MS Windows is the powerful work and information
• 3 serial interfaces
tool for the protection engineer and the operation staff.
• Multifunctional standardised relays
Each relay has included one software pack DRS-WIN for
• Standardised hardware. The three available hard-
the following tasks:
ware types differ in the numberof analog current
– Configuring, parametering, adjusting
inputs only.
– Observing e.g. operation measuring values
• No external components e.g. for rotor earth fault,
– Reading and evaluating of all fault data
under excitation and measuring of coolant temperature.
– Analysing the recorded curves (FFT), making
• Wide operating frequency range from 10 - 70 Hz
protocols and archives
• Further qualities:
• DRS-WIN can be used for every relay of the
– full digital processing
DRS-family for local and/or remote operation (modem)
– self supervision
• Remote diagnosis is being supported
– long time stability
– most modern technology of
measured values recording
• Standard types prefered, but also flexible
configurations possible.
DIGITAL SYSTEMS
1
Description and Application
The digital and compact protection system DRS-COMPACT (fail safe). Each modification is being recorded and can be
is a multifunctional protection relay for protection of printed out in a reference protocol. The DRS-COMPACT
synchronous machines and/or transformers. All components has integrated following supervision functions:
which are necessary for a complete protection system • Self supervision
(e.g. interposing input transformers, measuring channels, • Check of integrity of the memories by supervision of
various matrices, trip and alarm outputs) are installed in one check sum
case. The various standard relays and all in the relays • Program execution supervision via watch dog feature
available numbers of protective functions with function • Plausibility control of the analog input signals by
name, ANSI-number and type are listed in table 1 at page 4. comparison with the minimal values
Fig. 2 Back view of
DRS-COMPACT The complete protection system is being realised by • Supervision of the digital outputs by impulse
selecting one or more standard relays. In addition to standard monitoring the output driver stages
types individual relays can also be configurated by selecting
the necessary protective function. The selection of the Design
necessary protective functions can be done by the customer. The digital protection system DRS-COMPACT is supplied
(Refer to the instructions for creating an own relay type on with a standard hardware in three models, which differ only
page 64). in the number of current inputs.
The optimising and check concerning feasibility and also
the information about alternative configurations can be done • Beginning of type code DRS-C1...: 6 current inputs
by ELIN Energieversorgung GmbH in the course of the • Beginning of type code DRS-C2...: 9 current inputs
tender stage. • Beginning of type code DRS-C3...: 4 current inputs
Mode of operation All types have 4 voltage inputs and one special analog
The signals generated in the plant (transformer current, input.
transformer voltage, binary signals) are fed via appropriate
interposing transformers and transducers respectively into Case construction
the system. The further operation is - except the methods The case is available in two variants.
of suppressing and filtering - fully digital. The advantages • Panel projection mounting with terminals situated at
of this digital processing are the extensive insensitivity of the left and right side
the system concerning ageing, temperature, e.t.c., and also • Panel flush mounting with terminals situated at the rear
the possibility to reduce complex protection problems to side. This construction also can be mounted in a 19"-
relativ simple algorithms, which can be computed easily. rack.
Thereby the characteristically computed values of the input
signals can be used for further protective functions. The Description of some further features
protective functions which are implemented in the relay are
being processed sequentially by the software. In dependence Serial interfaces
of the working condition (faultfree running or fault case) the The digital protection system DRS-COMPACT is equipped
protection system gives out the equivalent alarm or trip signal. with 2 serial interfaces as standard. One further can be added
The signals are being distributed via a software matrix to optionally. The RS232C interface at the front is used for the
the trip devices which corresponds to the tripping scheme. local operation. This interface enables all writing and reading
Optical indications signal the alarm and trip respectively of access. The writing access is protected with a password
a protective function. With the PC there can be read out, function. The second RS232C interface is used for the
displayed and processed further data about the fault event connection with the communication system DRS-COM -
like alarm protocol and/or fault recording. Configuration an optional feature. This enables among other things the
and setting parameters are being saved in an E≈PROM connection of more DRS-COMPACT or DRS-MODULAR
2
with a local and/or via modem with a remote positioned

opt. -galv.
operation-PC. The third optional interface is the interface Notebook
RS 232 C
local
to the control system and it supports the IEC 870-5-103
DRS-COMPACT
further Realtime GPS
(VDEW No.6) protocol. The writing direction is blocked in opt. -galv. DRS-COMPACT
DRS-COM Modem Modem PC
RS 232 C
case of using the DRS-COM. All reading accesses can be Phone
DRS-COM PC
Modem Modem
done without restrictions from both operating stations. Modem
opt. -galv.
VDEW 6 Control system
Comfortable display and operation Control system

optional
With the 26 programmable and integrated LEDs all
protective function alarms and trips can be indicated. So a Fig. 3 Possibilities of communication with DRS-COMPACT
clear, actual and local information can be given to the

operating staff. The LED-indications can be reset by pressing
the acceptance push button. But the alarm protocol data
stays stored for later interpretation. For detailed visualisation
(reading out of actual measured values, digital conditions,
fault records, alarm protocol) or for parametering (reading
out and setting of parameters, functional parameters, soft-
ware matrices, specific plant data) the user operation soft-
ware package DRS-WIN for MS Windows is included,
which is easily to learn, very comfortable and extensive.
The complete functionality of the operation and analysing
software DRS-WIN is described in a separate manual.
(ELIN Dwg.No.: 3-510.806)
Fault recording with up to 5 x 75 cycles

This function facilitates finding the cause of a fault case.
Fig. 4 DRS-WIN Set values, parametering and tripping matrix
The initiation criteria for starting the function can be set in
the relevant parameter window of the protective function.
This criteria is equivalent with either an alarm or a trip signal
or not existing. DRS-COMPACT has 5 records stored,
which can be displayed, analysed and printed with the PC.
The oldest record is being overwritten by a new one.
Fig. 5 DRS-WIN Fault recording with digital and analog display of curves
3
Standard Types and Table of All Protective Functions

GENERATOR GENERATOR-TRANSF. UNIT TRANSFORMER
Name of Protective Function PAGE TYPE ANSI C1101 C3101 C3102 C3103 C1151 C2151 C3151 C3152 C1161 C2161
Signal Function 1 44 MB111 - 2 5 4 3 2 2 5 6 2
Out of Step 45 MB311 78 1
Diff. 2-inp., 3-ph. 8 MD321 87T 1 1
Gen. Diff. 3-ph 11 MD322 87G 1
Diff. 3-inp., 3-ph. 9 MD331 87T 1 1
Underexcitation DC 3-ph. 37 ME322 40 1
Frequency 1-st. 31 MF111 81
Frequency 2-st. 32 MF121 81 1
Frequency 4-st. 32 MF141 81 1 1
Current 1-ph.1-st. 13 MI111 51/37
Current DC 2-st. 17 MI120 76/37
Current 1-ph. 2-st. 14 MI121 50/51/37
Current 1-ph. 2-st. inverse time 15 MI125 50/51
Dir. Overcurrent DT-Char. 1-ph. 3-st. 34 MI132 67
Current 3-ph. 1-st. 12 MI313 51/37 1 3 3
Current 3-ph. 2-st. 13 MI323 50/51/37 2 1 2
Current 3-ph. 2-st. inverse time 15 MI325 50/51 1
Dir. Overcurrent DT-Char. 3-ph. 3-st. 33 MI332 67
Overload 1-ph. th. 23 ML121 49 1 1 1 1 2
Overload 3-ph. th. 23 ML321 49
Neg. Phase Sequence 1-st. 25 MN211 46
Neg. Phase Sequence 2-st. 25 MN221 46 1
Neg. Phase Sequence th. 27 MN222 46 1
Dir. Active Power 3-ph. 1-st. 29 MP311 32/37
Reverse Power 3-ph. 1-st. 30 MP312 32 1 1
Dir. Active Power 3-ph. 2-st. 29 MP321 32/37
Rotor Earth Fault 39 MR111 64E 1
Rotor Earth Fault (insulation) 39 MR121 64E 1
Dir. Stator Earth Fault 42 MS111 64G
Stator Earth Fault with 20Hz aux. frequency 41 MS211 64G 1
Current Transformer Supervision 3ph. 46 MT311 – 1 1 1 1
Voltage Transformer Supervision 3-ph. ∆ 47 MT313 – 1 1 1 1 1 1
Voltage 1-ph. 1-st. (also 90%, 100% SEF) 19 MU111 59/27 1 1 1
Voltage DC 2-st. 21 MU120 59/27 1
Voltage 1-ph. 2-st. (also 90%, 100% SEF) 20 MU121 59/27
Voltage 3-ph. 1-st. 18 MU313 59/27 2 1
Voltage 3-ph. 2-st. 19 MU323 59/27
Overfluxing 2-st. 43 MX121 24 1 1 1
Minimum Impedanz 3-ph. 2-st. 35 MZ322 21 1
Base Functions – – – 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Number of Current Inputs 6 4 4 4 6 9 4 4 6 9

Number of Voltage Inputs 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Analog Inputs for Specific Protective Functions 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4
Table 1 Available protective functions in - respectively standard types of DRS - COMPACT
Description of Protective Functions
General Definition of Terms Setting Parameters

All relevant quantities for a correct setting of the protective
The following general terms are used in the description of function are outlined under the various functions.
the functions:
Operating Value
Type of Function Value of the effective parameter of the function where the
Refers to the type designation of the protective function; function is beeing actuated when exceeded.
serves as precise definition of the function.
Operating Time
Inputs Interval between the instant of fault and operation of the
Analog protective function, i.e. initiating signal for delayed functions
Inputs for analog signals (current, voltage) into the protective or the instantaneous trip for undelayed functions.
function.
Reset ratio
Digital Ratio between reset value and operating value.
Inputs for digital signals into the protective function. (e.g.
transformer mechanical protection) Time Delay
Interval between initiation signal and tripping signal, in case
Special Analog Inputs of time-delayed functions.
Inputs for analog signals (DC input) into the protective function
for special purposes (temperature, direct current, direct Internal Measured Values
voltage, etc. ...) Measured values obtained within a function from the actual
CT and VT signals; they are generally relevant to actuate a
Test Input function.
Digital input which tests the relevant protective function or
stage. The different detailed descriptions list and describe those
features of the functions (special digital outputs, digital
Blocking Input inputs, etc. ...) which are not common for all functions.
Digital input which blocks the relevant protective function
or stage.
Outputs
Instantaneous trip / alarm: Starting signal for the protective
function or stage.
Time delayed trip: Tripping signal for the protection function
or stage.
All outputs can also be programmed to energise the LED
indication.
Legend to Table 1 Remarks

SEF... Stator Earth Fault Before selecting the relay standard types please read the
Base functions...Fault recording, event recording, hints on page 64!
self monitoring, User software, time
synchronisation
5
Measuring Principles Transformer / Gen.Transf. Differential

Protection (87T), 3-ph.
To the extent that the protective functions of the Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
DRS-COMPACT access a line-frequency signal, they all The differential protection functions are used as selective
use a Fourier transformation to determine the characteristic protection in case of phase to phase faults and, in low
quantities of the relevant signal. impedance earthed systems, in case of earth faults. The
For this purpose, the CT and / or VT secondary signal is measuring principle is to form the difference between the
sampled 12 times per cycle after passing through interposing CT secondary currents at either end of the protected zone.
CT's / VT's and filtering, as is shown in Fig. 6, and then
processed according to the formulae of the specified All analog signals of the function are sampled 12 times per
algorithm. The result of the calculation are the values of the cycle. Vector group compensation is traced digitally,
which are then available for further processing. according to the vector group set in the parameter field. As
a result, the currents from all sides of the protected object
are available in the proper phase angle for further processing.
Any zero sequence currents that possibly occur in the
∆t = T/12
Signal frequency = 50Hz s ( t + ∆t ) protected object are compensated by activating the zero
T = 20ms
∆t = 1,6ms s(t) sequence filter either permanently (position "ON") or in
Sample frequency ft = 600Hz relation to the position of the transformer neutral isolator by
s(t) means of an external signal (position "Ext"). The ratio settings
∆t
"CT ratio compensation - System 2-1" ("CT ratio compen-
sation - System 3-1") take account of the transformer ratio
and the CT ratio.
T
The measured values are then added, phase by phase, to
form the differential current. The fundamental wave, as well
Fig. 6 Sampling principle
as the 2nd harmonic and the 5th harmonic of the differential
For physical and measuring reasons, the process described current are then calculated, phase by phase.
above cannot be applied to all functions. For functions that
measure power (overload, directional power, etc. ...), for All current inputs of the differential protection determine the
example, the digital signals are pre-processed in a more restraint current, phase by phase. It is the maximum value
complex manner, which is described in detail in the different of the fundamental wave of the currents.
chapters.
Adjustment of Sampling Frequency

The implemented standard algoritm (fourier transformation)
requires an adjustment of the sampling frequency to the
actual signal frequency. For reaching the required accuracy
the sampling frequency has to be adjusted to the 12 values
of the signal frequency. Therefor we define one current
transformer and one voltage transformer as synchronising
inputs on which signal frequencies it will be synchronised.
Because the signal profile of a voltage transformer in general
is at nominal value and also with less harmonics we
recommend to use the voltage input for synchronising also
in case of configuration types which only use current
functions.
6
6,00
Differential Current / Rated Current
5,00
Bias 0.6
4,00
3,00
Oper. Value 0.2

2,00
Oper. Value 0.6
Bias 0.4
Oper. Value 0.2
1,00
Oper. Value 0.6
0,00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Restraint Current / Rated Current
Fig. 7 Tripping characteristic of differential protection
Figure 7 shows the tripping condition for each phase.
If the tripping condition is met within 12 consecutive samples,

the signals "tripping" and "differential current" are activated.
The tripping of a phase is blocked whenever the ratio between
2nd harmonic, or 5th harmonic, and fundamental wave of
the differential current exceeds the values set in the parameter
field. As a result, any false tripping of the differential protection
is prevented when energizing the transformer.
In case of a system disturbance, currents with a higher-

harmonic contents can also appear. Whenever the differential
current exceeds the value set for parameter "high-set
overcurrent", the harmonic restraint is blocked, phase by
phase, irrespective of the higher-harmonic contents; eventually,
tripping is enabled, phase by phase. Function output
"restraint" indicates the condition of the restraint feature.
The trip output is reset whenever the initiating signal has
disappeared during 36 consecutive samples (3 cycles =
providing a trip signal extension feature).
7
Transformer / Generator-Transformer Differential

Protection (87T), 2 winding, 3-ph.
Type of Function: MD321 Reset ratio
0.97
Inputs
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 1 Accuracy
3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 2 ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
Digital: Test input
Blocking input Operating time
Auxiliary input 1 (external activation for zero typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
sequence filter (system 1)
Auxiliary input 2 (external activation for zero Time delay
sequence filter (system 2) instantaneous
Internal measured values

Outputs differential current phase L1 in A
Digital: Tripping differential current phase L2 in A
Differential current differential current phase L3 in A
Harmonic restraint
Setting parameters
Operating value - differential current:
0.2 ... 0.6 x ln in steps of 1 %
Bias: 0.4 ... 0.6 in steps of 0.05
Vector group: none, 0, 1, 5, 6, 7, 11
for positive phase sequence
Zero sequence filter (System 1):ON, OFF, EXTERNAL
via aux. input 1
Zero sequence filter (System 2):ON, OFF, EXTERNAL
via aux. input 2
Restraint - 2nd harmonic: 20 ... 50 % of fundamental
wave in steps of 1 %
Restraint - 5th harmonic: 10 ... 20 % of fundamental
High-set overcurrent feature: 2 ... 15 x In in steps of 0.5 x In
CT ratio compensation - System 2-1:
0 ... 2.5 in steps of 0.01
8
Transformer / Generator-Transformer Differential

Protection (87T), 3 winding, 3-ph.
Type of function: MD331 Reset ratio
0.97
Inputs
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 1 Accuracy
3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 2 ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 3
Digital: Test input Operating time
Blocking input typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
Auxiliary input 1 (external activation for zero
sequence filter (system 1) Time delay
Auxiliary input 2 (external activation for zero instantaneous
sequence filter (system 2)
Auxiliary input 2 (external activation for zero Internal measured values
sequence filter (system 2) differential current phase L1 in A
differential current phase L2 in A
Outputs differential current phase L3 in A
Digital: Tripping
Differential current
Harmonic restraint
Setting parameters
0.2 ... 0.6 x ln in steps of 1 %
Bias: 0.4 ... 0.6 in steps of 0.05
Vector group: none, 0, 1, 5, 6, 7, 11
for positive phase sequence
Zero sequence filter (System 1): ON, OFF, EXTERNAL
via aux. input 1
via aux. input 2
via aux. input 3
Restraint - 2nd harmonic: 20 ... 50 % of fundamental
Restraint - 5th harmonic: 10 ... 20 % of fundamental
High-set overcurrent feature: 2 ... 15 x In in steps of 0.5 x In
CT ratio compensation - System 2-1, 3-1:
0 ... 2.5 in steps of 0.01
9
Generator Differential Protection (87G)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method

The differential protection functions are used as selective The two current inputs of the differential protection determine
protection in case of phase to phase faults and, with low the restraint current, phase by phase. It is the maximum value
impedance grounded generator units, in case of earth of the fundamental wave of the currents.
faults. The measuring principle is to form the differential The figure below shows the tripping condition for each
between the currents at the beginning and the end of the phase.
protected zone, using the current transformer sets.
If the tripping condition is met in 12 consecutive samples,
All analog signals of the function are sampled 12 times per the signal "tripping" is activated.
cycle. The measured values are then added, phase by Tripping is reset whenever the initiating condition is not met
phase, to the differential current. The fundamental wave of in 36 consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension).
the differential current is then calculated, phase by phase.
6,00
Differential Current / Rated Current
5,00
Bias 0.6
4,00
3,00
Oper. Value 0.2

2,00
Oper. Value 0.6
Bias 0.4
Oper. Value 0.2
1,00
Oper. Value 0.6
0,00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00
Restraint Current / Rated Current
Fig. 8 Tripping charakteristic of differential protection
10
Generator Differential
Protection (87G), 3-ph.
Type of function: MD322
Inputs
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 1
3 x current L1, L2, L3 system 2
Digital: Test input
Blocking input
Outputs
Tripping
Setting parameters
0.2 ... 0.6 x ln in steps of 1 %
Bias: 0.4 ... 0.6 in steps of 0.05
Reset ratio
0.97
Accuracy
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
Operating time
typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
Time delay
instantaneous

11
Overcurrent / Undercurrent Overcurrent / Undercurrent

Protection (51/37), Definite Protection (51/37), 3-ph., 1-st.
Time Characteristic
Type of function: MI313
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method

Inputs
Overcurrent-time /undercurrent-time protection systems
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3
are used whenever an equipment component needs to be
Digital: Test input
disconnected in the event that a set limit value is exceeded
Blocking input
in either direction. In addition to simple applications, this
also includes, for example, the use as protection against
Outputs
interturn faults of generators.
Instantaneous trip
Time delayed trip
All analog signals of the function are sampled 12 times per
cycle. They are then used to determine the amplitude of
Setting parameters
the fundamental wave of each phase, using the standard
Operating value: 0.1 ...5.0 x ln in steps of 1 %
algorithm (Fourier transformation).
Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
The calculated amplitude value is checked at every sample
Selection parameter: overcurrent / undercurrent
instant for its initiating condition (a bigger value than the
operating value in case of overcurrent, a smaller value than
the operating value in case of undercurrent). If the operating
condition is met 12 consecutive times (= 1 cycle), the trip
Reset ratio
initiating signal is supplied, and the time delay is started.
1.03 undercurrent
The tripping signal is supplied after the set delay time has
0.97 overcurrent
expired. In keeping with the characteristics of the definite-
time overcurrent-time relay, delay time is independent of
Accuracy
the signal size.
The trip initiation and, at the same time, all triggered time
delay stages are reset if the operating condition is not met
Operating time
during 36 consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal
extension).

none
12
Overcurrent / Undercurrent Overcurrent / Undercurrent

Protection (51/37), 1-ph., 1-st. Protection (50/51/37), 3-ph., 2-st.
Type of function: MI111 Type of function: MI323
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 1 x current Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3
Digital: Test input Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
Blocking input Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip Instantaneous trip stage 1
Time delayed trip Time delayed trip stage 1
Instantaneous trip stage 2
Time delayed trip stage 2
Setting parameters Setting parameters

Operating value: 0.1 ... 30 x ln in steps of 1 % Operating value stage 1:0,1 ... 5,0 x In in steps of 1%
Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Operating value stage 2:0,1 ... 3,0 x In in steps of 5%
Selection parameter: overcurrent / undercurrent Time delay stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0,05 s
Time delay stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0,05 s
Selection parameter: overcurrent / undercurrent
Reset ratio Reset ratio

1.03 undercurrent 1,03 undercurrent
0.97 overcurrent 0,97 overcurrent
Accuracy Accuracy
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
Operating time Operating time

typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
Internal measured values Internal measured values

none none
13
Overcurrent / Undercurrent Overcurrent Protection (51)

Protection (50/51/37), 1-ph., 2-st. Inverse Time Characteristic
Type of function: MI121 Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
Inverse time overcurrent protection systems are applied with
Inputs advantage whenever a power system is subject to sudden
Analog: 1 x current overloads over a limited period, e.g. during asynchronous
Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1 motor starting in an auxiliary supply system or during auto
Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2 reclosing on domestic radial feeder circuits. The 2. stages of
this type of protection are usually high set and definite time
Outputs delayed catering for any possible short circuit conditions.
Instantaneous trip stage 1 The analog current signals of the function are sampled 12
Time delayed trip stage 1 times per cycle. They are then used to determine the
Instantaneous trip stage 2 amplitude of the fundamental wave of each phase, using
Time delayed trip stage 2 the standard algorithm, i.e. Fourier transformation.
Then during each sample the signal amplitude is evaluated
Setting parameters and compared with the current setting of the protective
Operating value stage 1: 0.1 ... 5.0 x In in steps of 1% function. When during 12 consecutive samples the measured
Operating value stage 2: 0.1 ... 30 x In in steps of 5% value remains above the current setting the instantanoeus
Time delay stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s trip signal is initiated and the time delay is started, being
Time delay stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s inversely proportional to the experienced overcurrent for the
Selection parameter: overcurrent / undercurrent 1. stage. The 2. high set stage is provided with a definite
time delay operating independent from the 1. stage and the
Reset ratio initiating current. The instantaneous and time delayed trip is
0.97 overcurrent reset when during 36 consecutive samples, i.e. 3 cycles the
1.03 undercurrent current remains below the setting value, thus not only pro-
viding anti hunting but also trip signal extension. The inverse
Accuracy time operating characteristic can be selected according to 4
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In standard curves according to the formulas listed below.
80
Extremely Inverse: t = TMS . r. fig. 9, page 16
Operating time I2 – 1
typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value 13.5

Very Inverse: t = TMS . r. fig. 10, page 16
I– 1
Internal measured values 0.14

Normal Inverse: t = TMS . r. fig. 11, page 16
none I0,02 – 1
120
Long Inverse: t = TMS . r. fig. 12, page 16
I– 1
Whereby t ....... Operating time in seconds

TMS... Time multiplier setting st.1
I ........ Overcurrent in multiples of
setting current Is of stage 1
The delay time of stage 2 is equal to the used inverse time

characteristic and independent of the signal value. The trip
initiation and, at the same time, all triggered time delay stages
are reset if the operating condition is not met during 36
consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension).
14
Inverse Time Overcurrent Inverse Time Overcurrent

Protection (50/51), 1-ph., 2-st. Protection (50/51), 3-ph., 2-st.
Type of function: MI125 Type of function: MI325
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 1 x current Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3
Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1 Digital: Test input stage 1, Blocking input stage 1
Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2 Test input stage 2, Blocking input stage 2
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip stage 1 Instantaneous trip L2, stage 1
Time delayed trip stage 1 Instantaneous trip L3, stage 1
Instantaneous trip stage 2 Time delayed trip L1, stage 1
Time delayed trip stage 2 Time delayed trip L2, stage 1
Time delayed trip L3, stage 1
Instantaneous trip L1, stage 2

Operating value - stage 1: 0.05 ... 2.0 x In in steps of 1% (Is) Operating value - stage 1: 0.05 ... 2.0 x In in steps of 1% (Is)
Operating value - stage 2: 1 ... 31 x Is in steps of 1% Operating value - stage 2: 1 ... 31 x Is in steps of 1%
Time multiplier setting - stage 1: Time multiplier setting - stage 1:
0.05 ... 1 in steps of 0.025 0.05 ... 1 in steps of 0.025
Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Inverse time characteristic - stage 1: extremely-, very-, normal- Inverse time characteristic - stage 1: extremely-, very-, normal-
and long inverse time and long inverse time

0.97 0.97
Accuracy Accuracy

acc. characteristic for stage 1 acc. characteristic for stage 1
typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value for stage 2 typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value for stage 2

none none
15
Inverse - Time - Trip Characteristics
t/s t/s
100 100
10 10
1 1
0.1 0.1
0.1
0.1
0.01 0.01
2 5 10 20 40 I / ls 2 5 10 20 40 I / ls
Fig. 9 Trip characteristic: extremely inverse Fig. 10 Trip characteristic: very inverse
t/s t/s
100 100
10 10
1 1
0.1
0.1
0.1 0.1
0.01 0.01
2 5 10 20 40 I / ls 2 5 10 20 40 I / ls
16
Fig. 11 Trip characteristic: normal inverse Fig. 12 Trip characteristic: long inverse
Current DC Protection (76/37) Current DC Protection (76/37)

1-ph., 2-st.
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MI120
Overcurrent / Undercurrent time protection DC is used
where a defined time delayed trip in dependence of Inputs
decreasing or increasing of the DC-parameter is necessary. Analog: 1 x voltage as function of DC-current (shunt)
An example is the supervision of DC circuits in excitation
systems or AC circuits with very low frequencies Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
(maximum approx. 1 Hz). Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
The measuring signal which is being transduced by the Outputs

internal measuring transducer via a special analog input is Instantaneous trip, stage 1
being sampled 12 times each period. In a following digital Time delayed trip, stage 1
filter any spikes of the signal are being supressed. In every Instantaneous trip, stage 2
sample interval a normed voltage value is calculated by Time delayed trip, stage 2
multiplying the DC measuring value and the interval
duration, which is being supervised as a DC peak value in Setting parameters
the 2. stage of the function. By calculating an average value of Operating value - stage 1: 0.0 ... 50.0 x ln in steps of 5 mA
the peak values during 340ms the DC average value is Operating value - stage 2: 0.0 ... 50.0 x In in steps of 5 mA
calculated which is used for the 1. stage. The DC peak value Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
is being checked each sample concerning the operating Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
conditions of the function. (Value smaller than operating Selection parameter: overcurrent / undercurrent
value at under current, value higher than operating value at Sensitivity: 01 ... 10.00 A/V in steps of 0.01
over current) If the tripping condition is met in 12 consecutive Voltage at 0 Amperes: 0 ... 4.995 V in steps of 0.001 V
samples, the signal for stage 1 is given and the time delay
for stage 2 is being started. The DC average value measuring Reset ratio
gives a new average value approx. each 340 ms, which 1.03 undercurrent
is being checked concerning operating conditions (value 0.97 overcurrent
smaller than operating value at under current, value higher
than operating value at over current). If the tripping condition Accuracy
is met, the signal for stage 1 is given and the time delay for ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
stage 2 is being started.
Operating time
After the setted time delays the trip signals are given. The approx. 340 ms for stage 1
time delay is independend of the signal value because of typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value for stage 2
the definite time characteristic. The trip initiation and, at the
same time, the triggered time delay stage 2 are reset if the Internal measured values
operating condition is not met during 36 consecutive DC RMS value in A
samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension). For stage 1 the DC peak value in A
initiation is reset immediately when the operating conditions
are not met any more. Please observe
The measuring transducers are designed for an optimal
sensitivity in the actual operation range. Because of that
the display of the internal measured values is only valid within
the limit of the measured level of the measuring transducer
(internal maximum 5V).
17
Overvoltage / Undervoltage Protection Overvoltage / Undervoltage

(59/27), Definite Time Characteristic Protection (59/27), 3-ph., 1-st.
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MU313
Overvoltage / undervoltage time protection systems are
used whenever the equipment needs to be disconnected Inputs
with a defined time delay in the event that a set limit value is Analog: 3 x voltage system 1, system 2, system 3
exceeded in either direction. In addition to simple applications,
this also includes, for example, the use as protection against Digital: Test input
earth faults or interturn faults of generators. Blocking input
All analog signals of the function are sampled 12 times per Outputs
cycle. They are then used to determine the amplitude of the Instantaneous trip
fundamental wave of every system, using the standard Time delayed trip
algorithm (Fourier transformation). The calculated amplitude
value is checked during each sample for its initiating condition Setting parameters
(a bigger value than the operating value in case of over- Operating value: 2.0 ... 200.0 V in steps of 0.2 V
voltage, a smaller value than the operating value in case of Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
undervoltage). If the initiating condition is met 12 consecutive Selection parameter: undervoltage / overvoltage
times (= 1 cycle), the trip initiating signal is supplied, and the
time delay is started. The tripping signal is supplied after the
set delay time has expired. In keeping with the characteristics
of the definite-time voltage relay, delay time is independent Reset ratio
of the signal size. 1.03 undervoltage
0.97 overvoltage
The trip initiation and, at the same time, all triggered time
delay stages are reset if the initiating condition is not met Accuracy
during 36 consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
extension).
Operating time

none
18
Overvoltage / Undervoltage Overvoltage / Und voltage

Type of function: MU111 Type of function: MU323
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 1 x voltage Analog: 3 x voltage system 1, system 2, system 3
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip Instantaneous trip, stage 1
Time delayed trip Time delayed trip, stage 1
Instantaneous trip, stage 2
Time delayed trip, stage 2

Operating value 2.0 V ... 200.0 V in steps of 0.2 V Operating value - stage 1: 2.0 V ... 200.0 V in steps of 0.2 V
Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Operating value - stage 2: 2.0 V ... 200.0 V in steps of 0.2 V
Selection parameter: undervoltage / overvoltage Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Selection parameter: undervoltage / overvoltage

0.97 overvoltage 0.97 overvoltage
1.03 undervoltage 1.03 undervoltage
Accuracy Accuracy


none none
19
Overvoltage / Undervoltage Overvoltage / Undervoltage DC

Protection (59/27), 1-ph., 2-st. Protection (59/27)
Type of function: MU121 Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
Under /Over voltage time protection functions for DC are
Inputs used, where a defined time delayed trip is needed of a plant
Analog: 1 x voltage part in case of increasing or decreasing the DC voltage levels.
Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1 An example is the supervision of battery circuits.
Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
The measuring signal which is being transduced by the
Outputs internal measuring transducer via a special analog input is
Instantaneous trip, stage 1 being sampled 12 times each period. In a following digital
Instantaneous trip, stage 2 filter any spikes of the signal are being supressed. In every
Time delayed trip, stage 1 sample interval a normed voltage value is calculated by
Time delayed trip, stage 2 multiplying the DC measuring value and the interval
duration, which is being supervised as a DC peak value in
Setting parameters the 2. stage of the function. By calculating an average value of
Operating value - stage 1:2.0 V ... 200.0 V in steps of 0.2 V the peak values during 340ms the DC average value is
Operating value - stage 2:2.0 V ... 200.0 V in steps of 0.2 V calculated which is used for the 1. stage. The DC peak value
Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s is being checked each sample concerning the operating
Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s conditions of the function. (value smaller than operating
Selection parameter: undervoltage / overvoltage value at under voltage, value higher than operating value
at over voltage) If the tripping condition is met in 12
Reset ratio consecutive samples, the signal for stage 1 is given and the
0.97 overvoltage time delay for stage 2 is being started. The DC average
1.03 undervoltage value measuring gives a new average value approx. each
340 ms, which is being checked concerning operating
Accuracy conditions (value smaller than operating value at under
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In voltage, value higher than operating value at over voltage).
If the tripping condition is met, the signal for stage 1 is
Operating time given and the time delay for stage 2 is being started.
After the set time delays the trip signals are given. The time
Internal measured values delay is independend of the signal value because of the
none definite time characteristic. The trip initiation and, at the
same time, the triggered time delay stage 2 are reset if the
operating condition is not met during 36 consecutive
samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension). For stage 1 the
initiation is reset immediately when the operating conditions
are not met any more.
20
Overvoltage / Undervoltage DC Overload Protection (49),

Protection (59/27), 1-ph., 2-st. Inverse Time Characteristic
Type of function: MU120 Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
Overload functions are used to protect an object against
Inputs inadmissible temperature rises due to overloading, by
Analog: 1 x DC-voltage representing an exact thermal replica of the protected
Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1 object. In the event that a set temperature value is exceeded,
Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2 the equipment is either shut down or an alarm signal is
activated.
Outputs
Instantaneous trip, stage 1 A simplified model is used to demonstrate the relation
Time delayed trip, stage 1 applying to a temperature rise in a current-carrying winding:
2 t
Instantaneous trip, stage 2 τ
ϑ (t) = ϑlimit I 1– e E
Time delayed trip, stage 2 I0 (1)
Setting parameters where

Operating value - stage 1: 0.0 V ... 50.0 V in steps of 0.005 V ϑ(t) temperature rise in the winding at a
Operating value - stage 2: 0.0 V ... 50.0 V in steps of 0.005 V given time t after loading the current
Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s τE thermal time constant of the winding for
Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s temperature rises
Selection parameter: undervoltage / overvoltage I current in the winding

Measure sensitivity: 0.01 ... 10.00 V/V in steps of 0.001 I0 rated current of the winding
Voltage at 0 Volts: 0 ... 4.995 V in steps of 0.001 V ϑlimit maximum temperature rise in the winding
(This value is reached after approximately
Reset ratio 4 time constants when operating at
0.97 overvoltage nominal current.)
1.03 undervoltage
When also considering the cooling-medium temperature TCM,
Accuracy we obtain the following relationship for the absolute
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In temperature T(t) at a given time t after loading:

t
T(t) = TCM + ϑlimit I 2 1– e τ
Operating time E (2)
I0
approx. 340 ms for stage 1
typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value for stage 2
With a similar consideration we obtain at the following
Internal measured values relationship for the cooling of the winding (de-energized
DC RMS value in V winding): t
τA
DC peak value in V ϑ(t) = ϑ0.e (3)
Please attend ! ϑ(t) temperature rise in the winding at a given

The measuring transducers are adjusted in such way, that time t after disconnecting the current
the sensitivity is optimised in the necessary operation range. ϑ0 temperature rise in the winding at the time
Because of that the display of the internal measuring of de-energizing
values is valid within the operation range of the measuring τA thermal time constant of the winding
transducer only (maximum 5V internal) ! during cooling down
21
We arrive at the following relationship when considering the of the function are sampled 12 times per cycle. The root
temperature of the cooling medium T M for absolute mean square value of the signal is calculated by squaring
temperature T(t) at a given time t after de-energizing: and mean-value formation, which is normalized by means
t of compensating factor IO / In. (IO = secondary rated current
T(t) = T + ϑ .e τA
CM 0
(4) of the protected object, In = rated current of the relay)
The heating time constant and the cooling time constant
may be different, e.g. no ventilation, no cooling-water By means of a simple differential equation, the temperature
circulation, etc. rise is calculated after each time interval Dt on the basis of
the measured current, as well as the temperature from the
Basically, two operating modes are possible for the over- previous sample, using the equation:
load protective function: either a relative temperature rise
is calculated for the protected unit (measuring relative 2 (5)
1 Ia
temperature), as is known from conventional protection ∆ϑ = τ ϑlimit – ϑa ∆t
E I0
relays, or the temperature rise in the protected unit is measured
in absolute terms, which means that temperature sensors Ia current of the sample
must be available or that the cooling-medium temperature I0 rated continuous current
is known. ϑa temperature of the previous sample.
Relative Temperature Rise

The basic fact is that the unit reaches the upper temperature
limit when operating at rated current during several time
In the event that the calculated temperature exceeds the
constants (approximately 3 - 4 time constants), after which
trigger value of the alarm temperature setting, an alarm signal
the temperature remains constant. Different cooling
is given. Once the tripping temperature is reached, after a
conditions are not taken into account with this approach.
further rise in temperature, the tripping signal is given.
Equations (1) and (3) apply in this case. All relay settings
Under constant conditions (i.e. no change in the current
must therefore also be seen as relative settings in relation
during the measuring interval) and a defined tripping
to the temperature limit, which is either set at 1 or 100 %.
temperature TTr, tripping time ta is calculated as follows:
Absolute Temperature Rise

In practice, cooling has, of course, a decisive influence on ta = τE. ln 1
2
T – TKM . Io (6)
the temperature rise in the unit. Appropriate measuring 1– Tr
ϑlimit I
transducers are therefore used to measure the temperature
of the cooling medium when measuring absolute temperature
I current of protected object
in order to determine the temperature of the protected object
Io rated current of the protected object
(e.g. the transformer winding). The temperature rise of the
winding, which is calculated from the square value of the
Initiation and, at the same time, any trip will reset, when the
current, is then added to this temperature, so that the
initiating condition is not met during 36 consecutive samples
absolute temperature of the winding is obtained by means
(3 cycles = trip signal extension).
of equations (2) and (4). When using this method, the relay
settings must be entered in degrees.
When calculating the temperature rise, the current signals
22
Overload Protection (49) Overload Protection (49)

3-ph. 1-ph.
Type of function: ML321 Type of function: ML121
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3 Analog: 1 x current
External input: Cooling-medium temperature (Pt100), External input: Cooling-medium temperature
2-wires (optional) (Pt100), 2-wires (optional)
Digital: Test input Digital: Test input

Blocking input Blocking input
Auxiliary input (change: heating, cooling) Auxiliary input (change over: heating, cooling)
Outputs Outputs
Temperature alarm Temperature alarm
Temperature trip Temperature trip
Transducer input failure Transducer input failure

Load setting: 0.40 ... 2.00 in steps of 0.01 Load setting: 0.40 ... 2.00 in steps of 0.01
Pre-loading: 0 ... 100 % in steps of 5 % Preloading: 0 ... 100 % in steps of 5 %
Heating time constant: 2 ... 100 minutes in steps of 1 minutes Heating time constant: 2 ... 100 minutes in steps of 1 minutes
Cooling time constant: 2 ... 100 minutes in steps of 1 minutes Cooling time constant: 2 ...100 minutes in steps of 1 minutes
Temperature limit: 10 ... 100 % / degree in steps of 1 % / deg. Temperature limit: 10 ... 100 % / degr. in steps of 1 % / deg.
Temperature alarm: 25 ...150 % / degree in steps of 1 % / deg. Temperature alarm: 25 ... 150 % / deg. in steps of 1 % / deg.
Temperature trip: 25 ... 150 % / degree in steps of 1 % / deg. Temperature trip: 25 ... 150 % / deg. in steps of 1 % / deg.
Cooling-medium temperature: preset /measured Cooling-medium temperature: preset /measured
Temperature rise: -22 to +122°F (-30 to +50°C) in steps of 1° Temperature rise: -22 to +122°F (-30 to +50°C) in steps of 1°
Measuring sensitivity: 10 ... 500 mV /deg. in steps of 1 mV /deg. Measuring sensitivity: 10 ... 500 mV/deg. in steps of 1 mV / deg.
Voltage at 0 degrees: 0.7 ... 4.8 V in steps of 1 mV Voltage at 0 degrees: 0.7 ... 4.8 V in steps of 1 mV
Gradient: positive / negative Gradient: positive / negative

0.97 0.97
Accuracy Accuracy
Current setting Is + / - 5 % acc. to IEC class 5 Current setting Is + / - 5 % acc. to IEC class 5
Tripping time tT + / - 5 % acc. to IEC class 5 Tripping time tT + / - 5 % acc. to IEC class 5

Inverse time characteristic Inverse time characteristic

Temperature rise in % / degree Temperature rise in % / degree
23
Negative Phase Sequence Protection (46)

Definite Time Characteristic
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Factor b corresponds to a - 60° electrical rotation of the
Single-phase short-circuits in low-resistance or solidly unit vector.
earthed systems, two phase short-circuits, conductor When establishing the negative phase-sequence component,
breakage on overhead lines or defective breaker poles the two phase currents are sampled 12 times per cycle.
cause high asymmetrical loads on three-phase generators. The measuring algorithm of the unbalance protection forms
An asymmetrical rotating field may be divided into a positive the inverse system on the basis of the above equation, using
and a negative component by means of the "symmetrical the obtained sampled values; the - 60° rotation is achieved
components" method, where the negative phase-sequence by adding the value of L1 that was obtained two samples
component induces currents with double frequency in the earlier to the sampled value of phase L3. The value for the
rotor, causing inadmissible temperature rises in the damper fundamental wave of the inverse current is calculated during
bars. The unbalance protection system measures this the subsequent Fourier transformation. The amplitude value
dangerous situation and trips or isolates the generator is checked at each sample instant for its initiating condition
whenever an admissible unbalance load value is exceeded. (the value is greater than the operating value). If the initiating
condition is met 12 consecutive times (=1 cycle), the trip
In order to calculate the unbalance load, the negative phase- initiating signal is supplied. The trip signal is supplied after
sequence component of the generator current is calculated. the set delay time has expired.
Using the method of the symmetrical components, the The initiation and, at the same time, all triggered trips will
following relationship applies to the negative phase- reset, when the initiating condition is not met during 36
sequence current: consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension).

1 1 3
I2 = IL1 + a2IL2 + aIL3 where a = +j
3 2 2
IL1, IL2, IL3 phase currents

I2 unbalance current
The following relationship applies to an insulated or high-

resistance earthed generator neutral point:
IL1 + IL2 + IL3 = 0
and, as a consequence, to the negative phase-sequence

component:

j 1 3
I2 = blL1+ IL3 where b= –j
3 2 2
The value of the negative phase-sequence current

determines the rotor temperature rise.
1
I2 = blL1+ IL3
3
24
Negative Phase Sequence Protection Negative Phase Sequence Protection

Definite Time Characteristic (46), 1-st. Definite Time Characteristic (46), 2- st.
Type of function: MN211 Type of function: MN221
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 2 x current L1, L3 Analog: 2 x current L1, L3
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip Instantaneous trip - stage 1
Time delayed trip Time delayed trip - stage 1
Instantaneous trip - stage 2
Time delayed trip - stage 2

Operating value: 5 ... 50 % in steps of 1 % Operating value of both stages: 5 ... 50 % in steps of 1 %
Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Time delay of both stages: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s

0.97 0.97
Accuracy Accuracy
+ / - 1% negative phase sequence current + / - 1% negative phase sequence current
Operating time Operating time:


negative phase sequence current in % negative phase sequence current in %
25
Negative Phase Sequence Protection (46)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method A simplified model is used to demonstrate the relation
Single-phase short-circuits in low-resistance or solidly applying to a temperature rise in the rotor or the damper
earthed systems, two phase short-circuits, conductor winding:
2 t
breakage on overhead lines or defective breaker poles I2
ϑ(t) = ϑlimit 1–e τ
cause heavy asymmetrical loads on three-phase generators. I2,0 (2)
An asymmetrical rotating field may be divided into a positive
and a negative component by means of the "symmetrical where
components" methods, where the negative phase- ϑ(t) the temperature rise in the winding at a
sequence component induces currents with double given time t after initial unbalance load
frequency in the rotor, causing inadmissible temperature τ thermal time constant of the winding
rises in the damper bars. The unbalance protection system for temperature rises
measures this dangerous situation and trips or isolates the I2 unbalance current in the winding
generator whenever an inadmissible unbalance load value I2,0 admissible permanent unbalance
is exceeded. current of the winding
In order to calculate the unbalance load, the negative phase- ϑlimit maximum temperature rise in the winding
sequence component of the generator current is calculated. (This value is reached after approximate
Using the method of the symmetrical components, the ly 4 time constants when running
following relationship applies to the negative phase- constant admissible unbalance current)
sequence current:

1 1 3
I2 = IL1 + a2IL2 + aIL3 where a = +j
3 2 2
IL1, IL2, IL3 phase currents

I2 unbalance current
The following relationship applies to an insulated or high-

resistance earthed generator neutral point:
IL1 + IL2 + IL3 = 0
and, as a consequence, to the negative phase-sequence

component:
j 1 3
I2 = blL1+ IL3 mit b= –j
3 2 2
The value of the negative phase-sequence current deter-

mines the rotor temperature rise.
1
I2 = blL1+ IL3 (1)
3
Factor b corresponds to a - 60° electrical rotation of the

unit vector.
26
Negative Phase Sequence

Protection (46), Inverse Time
Characteristic
When establishing the negative phase-sequence component,
the two phase currents are sampled 12 times per cycle. Type of function: MN222
The measuring algorithm of the unbalance protection
forms the inverse system on the basis of the above Inputs
equation (1), evaluating the obtained samples; the - 60° Analog: 2 x current L1, L3
electrical rotation is achieved by adding the value of L1 that Digital: Test input
was obtained two samples earlier to the sampled value of Blocking input
phase L3.
Outputs
The value of higher harmonics in the unbalance current is Alarm
determined by squaring and mean-value formation, in order Trip
to obtain the root mean square value, which is calibrated
by means of compensation factor IO / In. (IO = secondary Setting parameters
rated current of the protected object, In = relay rated current). Load setting: 0.40 ... 2.00 in steps of 0.05
Continuous unbalance load: 0 ... 25 % in steps of 1 %
The temperature rise after each time interval t is calculated Time constant: 2 ... 50 minutes in steps of 2 minutes
by means of a simple differential equation, on the basis of Alarm: 5 ... 100 % in steps 2 %
the measured current and the temperature of the preceding Trip: 5 ... 100 % in steps of 2 %
sample, using the relationship below:
Reset ratio
2
1 I2,a 0.99
∆ϑ = ϑlimit – ϑa ∆t
τ I2,0
Accuracy
I2,a unbalance current during the sample Thermal image + / - 5 % according to IEC class 5
I2,0 calibrated continuous unbalance current Tripping time tT + / - 5% according to IEC class 5
ϑa temperature of preceding sample
Operating time
After each sample, the temperature value is checked for inverse time characteristic
its initiating condition (a bigger value than the operating value).
When exceeded, an alarm (stage 1) or trip (stage 2) is Internal measured values
initiated. Unbalance load in %
The trip initiation and, at the same time, any triggered trips Load in %
will reset if the initiating condition is not met during 36
27
Directional Active Power Protection, Reverse Power Protection (32/37)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method The rotation of the vector by a or a≈ is obtained by adding
Power directional protection can be applied in various the corresponding number of time-delayed sampling
ways: to act as maximum power protection, which detects values (delayed by 4 or 8 samplings) of the relevant signal.
any excessive power generation due to increased head
and/or excessive governor opening; to monitor pump By using the Fourier transformation, the amplitude and
performance (in connection with frequency supervision) in phase angle of current and voltage is calculated and, sub-
case of pump storage stations; to act as reverse power sequently, the values for apparent power, active power,
protection in case of hydro-power stations; or, to provide reactive power and cos phi. The calculated active power
high-sensitive reverse power or low forward power for value is checked at each sample for its initiating condition
steam turbine sets; to act as minimum power protection (a bigger value than the operating value in case of maximum
whenever the hydraulic shut-off valves of the pump open power, a smaller value than the initiating value in case of
partly, in case of pump storage stations, which results in minimum power). If the initiating condition is not met in 12
turbulences in the spiral casing. power relays trigger the trip initiating signal and the time
delay is started. Since the operating value for the reverse
We can conclude, using the symmetrical-components power protection of steam turbine sets is set to a very low
method, that calculating the power in a three-phase operating value, averaging the measured value takes a
system can be reduced to calculating the power of a longer time before the trip initiating signal is actuated. The
positive-sequence system. tripping signal is actuated after the set delay time has
expired. In keeping with the characteristic that is used for
The algorithm of the power direction protection and the the definite-time overcurrent relay, delay time is independent
reverse power protection determines the positive-sequence of the power measured.
system from the 12 sample values of one cycle, on the The initiation and, at the same time, any possibly trips will
basis of current I1, or voltage V1, using the following reset if the initiating condition is not met during 36 consecutive
equations: samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension).
I1 = IL1 + a IL2 + a IL3
2
U1 = UL1L2 + a2 UL2L3 + a UL3L1
28
Directional Active Power Directional Active Power

Type of function: MP311 Type of function: MP321
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3 Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3
3 x voltage system 1, system 2, system 3 3 x voltage system 1, system 2, system 3
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip Instantaneous trip stage 1
Time delayed trip Time delayed trip stage 1
Setting parameters Time delayed trip stage 2
Power setting: 5.0 ... 150 % P / Pn in steps of 1 %
CT error compensation: -10 ...+10 deg. in steps of 0.1 deg. Setting parameters
Time delay: 0 ... 60 s in steps of 0.1 s Power setting - stage 1: 5.0 ... 150 % P / Pn in steps of 1 %
Selection parameter: over power / low power Power setting - stage 2:5.0 ... 150 % P / Pn in steps of 1 %
phase-sequence direction: positive / negative CT error compensation:-10 ...+10 deg. in steps of 0.1 deg.
current direction: direction 1 / direction 2 Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 60 s in steps of 0.1 s
Selektionsparameter: over power / low power stage 1
over power / low power stage 2
phase-sequence direction:positive/negative
current direction: direction 1 / direction 2

0.97 over power 0.97 over power
1.03 low power 1.03 low power
Accuracy Accuracy


apparent power as % of P / Pn apparent power as % of P / Pn
active power as % of P / Pn active power as % of P / Pn
reactive power as % of P / Pn reactive power as % of P / Pn
power factor cos phi power factor cos phi
29
Reverse Power Protection Frequency Protection (81)

(32) 3-ph., 1-st.
Type of function: MP312 Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
In general, electrical equipment and units are only designed
Inputs for a relatively small range of tolerance beyond their rated
Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3 frequency. Frequency protection systems must therefore
3 x voltage system 1, system 2, system 3 detect inadmissible deviations from the rated frequency
Digital: Test input value, so that suitable operation or control commands will
Blocking input eventually cause the frequency to return to its rated
frequency range or disconnect the endangered apparatus.
Outputs
Instantaneous trip The measuring principle of the frequency protection is
Time delayed trip based on measuring the rate of change of the phase angle
between the voltage vector by sampling with the actual
Setting parameters synchronizing frequency fo, i.e. 1/12 of the sampling
Operating value: - 5.0 ... 5 % P / Pn in steps of 0.1 % frequency of the protective system.
CT error compensation:-10 ...+10 deg. in steps of 0.1 deg.
Time delay: 0 ... 180 s in steps of 0.1 s Using the equation below:
Selection parameter: low forward power / reverse power ∆ϕ = 2π ∆f .∆t
phase sequence: positive/negative
current direction: 1 / 2 f is determined, when the sample t is known; the actual
measuring frequency is determined by using the relation
Reset ratio f1 = f0 + ∆f
0,8 reverse power
1.2 low forward power
Accuracy
≤ 3% vof set value or 0.2 % of Pn
Operating time

apparent power as % of P / Pn
active power as % of P / Pn
reactive power as % of P / Pn
power factor cos phi
30
Frequency Protection (81), 1-st.
For the practical implementation of the above procedure, Type of function: MF111
the applied measuring voltage is sampled 12 times per cycle.
The measured values are sent through a digital filter Inputs
(Thompson low-pass, 5th order, frequency limit 1.2 times Analog: 1 x phase to phase voltage (always synchronizing
the rated frequency), in order to suppress harmonic channel)
influences from carrier control signals. The Fourier trans- Digital: Test input
formation is then used to determine the amplitude and Blocking input
phase of the voltage vector, and the frequency is calculated
with the above equations, providing a new frequency Outputs
value after each sample. The final frequency value is then Instantaneous trip
obtained, using the mean value from three cycles (= 36 Time delayed trip
individual values). If the amplitude of the measured signal
is within the limits of the parameters "minimum voltage" Setting parameters
and "maximum voltage", if the trip initiating condition of a Frequency setting: 10 ... 65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
stage is met, and if no blocking signal is given for that stage, Minimum voltage: 60 ... 100 V in steps of 2 V
the initiating signal of this frequency stage is triggered. The Maximum voltage: 100 - 140 V in steps of 2 V
tripping signal is supplied if initiation continues for the set Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
delay time. Selection parameter: overfrequency / underfrequency
The initiation and, at the same time, all triggered trips are
reset if the trip initiating condition is not met during 36 Reset ratio
consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension). 0,999 overfrequency
1,001 underfrequency
Operating time
approx. 5 periods at 0.2 Hz setting deviation
Accuracy
≤ 0.02 Hz

Frequency in Hz
31
Frequency Protection (81), Frequency Protection (81),

2-st. 4-st.
Type of function: MF121 Type of function: MF141
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 1 x phase to phase voltage Analog: 1x phase-to-phase voltage
(always synchronization channel) (always synchronization channel)
Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1 Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2 Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip stage 1, Time delayed trip stage 1 Instantaneous trip stage 1, Time delayed trip stage 1
Instantaneous trip stage 2, Time delayed trip stage 2 Instantaneous trip stage 2, Time delayed trip stage 2
Instantaneous trip stage 3, Time delayed trip stage 3
Instantaneous trip stage 4, Time delayed trip stage 4

Frequency setting - stage 1:10 ... 65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz Frequency setting - stage 1: 10 ....65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Frequency setting - stage 2:10 ... 65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz Frequency setting - stage 2: 10 ... 65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Minimum voltage: 60 ... 100 V in steps of 2 V Frequency setting - stage 3: 10 ... 65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Maximum voltage: 100 ... 140 V in steps of 2 V Frequency setting - stage 4: 10 ... 65 Hz in steps of 0.01 Hz
Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Minimum voltage: 60 ... 100 V in steps of 2 V
Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Maximum voltage: 100 ... 140 V in steps of 2 V
Selection parameter - stage 1: over / underfrequency Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Selection parameter - stage 2: over / underfrequency Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Selection parameter: stage 1: over / underfrequency
stage 2: over / underfrequency

0,999 overfrequency 0,999 overfrequency
1,001 underfrequency 1,001 underfrequency

approx. 5 periods at 0.2 Hz setting deviation approx. 5 periods at 0.2 Hz setting deviation
Accuracy Accuracy
≤ 0.02 Hz ≤ 0.02 Hz

Frequency in Hz Frequency in Hz
32
Directional Overcurrent Protection Directional Overcurrent Protection

(67) DT Characteristic (67), 3-ph., 3-st.
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MI332
Directional overcurrent relays are used whenever different
tripping times are required for different directions of the fault Inputs
current, such as in ring networks. The directional overcurrent Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3
protection is available as a three-phase or a single phase 3 x voltage system 1, system 2, system 3
model, each with three stages. Stage 1 and stage 2 are Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
directional, stage 3 is non-directional providing back up Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
protection for the directional stages. Test input stage 3 Blocking input stage 3
The measuring algorithm samples the secondary values
(phase currents, phase to phase voltages), supplied by Outputs
the current transformers and voltage transformers , 12 times Instantaneous trip stage 1
per cycle. They are calculated after each sample taken with Time delayed trip stage 1
regard to value and phase relation of the fundamental wave, Instantaneous trip stage 2
using the Fourier transformation. Time delayed trip stage 2
After each scanning cycle, the direction of the current is Instantaneous trip stage 3
determined for each measuring system. For example, the angle Time delayed trip stage 3
position of current IL1 in relation to phase to phase voltage VL2L3
is determined for system 1, which serves as direction Setting parameters
parameter. If the angle is between -10° and 100° (1st quadrant), Current setting - stage 1: 0.5 ... 5.0 x ln in steps of 1 %
the direction is determined to be direction 1 (= positive direction Current setting - stage 2: 0.5 ... 5.0 x In in steps of 1%
for stage 1). If the angle is between 170° and 280° (2nd Current setting - stage 3: 0.5 ... 5.0 x In in steps of 1%
quadrant), the direction is 2 (= positive direction for stage 2). If Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
the angle is not within these ranges or cannot be calculated, Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
since the value of the phase to phase voltage is too low Time delay - stage 3: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
(detection threshold: £ 1 V), direction 3 (non-directional) is
selected. Note that positive angles are counted counter-clock- Minimum voltage blocking value
wise. 1 V, fixed setting, i.e. all directional stages below
The directions of the other phases are determined on the basis this value are blocked.
of the measured values for the other respective CT and VT
quantities. In the case of the single phase version, the angle Reset ratio
between phase current and phase-to-phase voltage is 0.97
determined. Direction 1 is chosen for a current-voltage angle
between 10 and -100°, direction 2 for angles between 80 and Operating time
190°, and for voltages of £ 1V the non-directional stage is the typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
choice.
If the set operating value in any phase is exceeded, and if the Accuracy
determined direction of this phase and stage (= direction) is ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
also positive, the trip initiating signal for that stage is supplied
after 12 samples (= 1 cycle). The tripping signal of this phase Internal measured values
and stage is supplied if trip initiation continues and the set angle system 1 in degrees
delay time has expired. The non-directional stage is initiated angle system 2 in degrees
simply after the set operating value has been exceeded, as is angle system 3 in degrees
the case with a standard overcurrent relay having a definite
time characteristic. The trip initiation and, at the same time, any
possibly triggered trips are reset if the trip initiation condition is
33
not met during 36 consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal
extension).
Directional Overcurrent Protection Minimum Impedance Protection (21)

DT Characteristic (67), 1-ph., 3-st.
Type of function: MI132 Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
Minimum impedance relays are used instead of distance
Inputs relays as a back up protection at the neutral point of
Analog: 1 x current generators or as back up protection for other equipment
1 x voltage where the operating and selective tripping conditions for 3
Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1 directional characteristic is required.
Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2 The three-phase minimum impedance protection is suitable
Test input stage 3 Blocking input stage 3 for use in power systems with a neutral point that is insulated
or has a high resistance earthed, or has a reactive connection
Outputs to ground. The two-phase version can also be used for
Instantaneous trip stage 1 solidly grounded power systems.
Time delayed trip stage 1 In the three-phase version, the vectors of phase currents
Instantaneous trip stage 2 IL1and IL2 are subtracted for measuring system 1, for
Time delayed trip stage 2 example, and the impedance of system 1 is determined,
Instantaneous trip stage 3 using phase to phase voltage VL1L2 and the following
Time delayed trip stage 3 relationship, in order to measure the current fault impedance
in all cases (except double phase to earth faults):
Setting parameters
Current setting - stage 1:0.1 ... 5.0 x ln in steps of 1 % UL1L2
Z1 =
Current setting - stage 2:0.1 ... 5.0 x In in steps of 1% IL1 - IL2
Current setting - stage 3:0.1 ... 5.0 x In in steps of 1%
Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s The same relationship applies to the other two measuring
Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s systems, with the corresponding CT and VT inputs. It can
Time delay - stage 3: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s be shown that this approach provides correct measured
impedance for three- and two-phase faults, with or without
Minimum voltage blocking value ground connection. For the two-phase version, the impedance
1 V fixed setting, i.e. all directional stages below this for system 1, for example, is determined by means of the
value are blocked. following relationship:
Reset ratio In order to measure impedance, an overcurrent interlock

0.97 stage with memory, i.e. the measured impedance stage
continues to be active, even if the current value drops below
Operating time the setting current, until the impedance value is once again
typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value above the trigger value. In an overcurrent-time function, the
current interlock also acts as second stage of the minimum
Accuracy impedance protection.

angle in degrees
34
Minimum Impedance Protection

Circular Char. (21), 3-ph., 2-st.
The measuring algorithm samples the secondary values Type of function: MZ322
(phase currents, phase to phase voltages), supplied by the
CT`s and VT`s, 12 times per cycle, in order to be able to Inputs
make the calculations. In the three-phase version, the sampled Analog: 3 x current
values of the currents are also subtracted, system by 3 x voltage
system, according to the above relationship. After each Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
sample taken, the value of the fundamental wave of each Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
signal is determined, using the Fourier transformation.
The impedance of the three system is then calculated after Outputs
each sample and, phase by phase, the phase current is Instantaneous trip, stage 1
checked as to whether it is above the setting value, i.e. Time delayed trip, stage 1
whether the operating condition is met. In case of an Instantaneous trip, stage 2
initiation, i.e. if the operating condition is met during 12 Time delayed trip, stage 2
consecutive samples, the initiation signal for stage 2 is
supplied first, and the time delay is started for stage 2. At Setting parameters
the same time, the impedance value of the corresponding Impedance setting- stage 1: 0.5 ...20 Ohm in steps of 0.1 Ohm
system is checked, i.e. whether it is below the set trigger Current setting - stage 2: 0.5 ...5.0 x In in steps of 1%
value. If this is the case, the operation of stage 1 is triggered Time delay - stage 1:0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
and the subsequent time stage is started. The time stage Time delay - stage 2:0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
of stage 1 then continues to be operating, independent of
the current value, as long as the impedance measured is Reset ratio
below the setting. The signal "trip stage 1" is supplied after 0.97
the set delay time has expired. In analogy, the signal "trip
stage 2" is supplied after the delay time for stage 2 has Operating time
expired. typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
The relevant signals "test" or "blocking" can be used to Accuracy

operate (test), or block, the different stages of the minimum ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% of In
impedance protection. ≤ 6% of set value for impedance
The trip initiation and, at the same time, any possibly Internal measured values
triggered trips are reset if the initiating condition is not met impedance - system 1: in Ohm
during 36 consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal impedance - system 2: in Ohm
extension). impedance - system 3: in Ohm
35
Underexcitation Protection (40)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method The total static rotor angle between rotor angle ϑ voltage
The underexcitation protection is used to detect failures in 'Rotor EMF' and external system Vsystem, which determines
the excitation system of synchronous generators and the practical stability limit of the generator, is calculated as
motors and to prevent damage to the equipment and the total sum of inner rotor angle ϑi and outer rotor angle ϑa.
power swings in the system.
Rotor angle ϑ and excitation current Ie of the protected As can be seen from figure 13, the outer rotor angle is de-
synchronous generator are processed and serve tripping termined using external system reactance Xn, which is the
criteria whereby following trip sequence is produced: reactance between the generator terminal and the power
system. This reactance must be determined according to the
Rotor angle ϑ>ϑlimit (rotor angle setting exceeded) will external system configuration. In the case of short trans-
initiate a long time delayed trip. mission lines, the short circuit impedance of the
generator-transformer can be used as a first approximation.
Rotor angle ϑ>ϑlimit and excitation current Ie<Ie,limit,
(rotor angle setting exceeded and excitation current low) With the three-phase function version, the measuring
will produce a short time delay trip. algorithm samples the secondary values (e.g. phase current
L1, phase to phase voltage VL2L3), supplied by the CT's
The rotor angle ϑi of the generator is calculated from and VT's, 12 times per cycle. The parameters Xq and Xn
generator current Igen and generator voltage Vgen in are then used to determine the value and phase of vectors
keeping with the below simplified vector diagram: 'Rotor EMF' and Vsystem, using the Fourier transformation,
to determine the rotor angle ϑ.
Also the generator voltage value is determined and if below
70 V; secondary, the entire protective function is blocked.
For the single phase model, the phase displacement of
current Igen, which can be taken from the above vector
diagram, is taken into consideration for reactance Xq and
Rotor EMF
Igen.Xq Xn, by displacing the phase voltage by -90° (corresponds
to a displacement by 3 samples). The rotor angle is then
ϑi ϑ determined in the same manner.

Vgen
ϑa
-Igen.Xn
ϕ
Vsystem After each sample, the rotor angle (calculated as described
Igen
above) is compared to the set parameter value. If that trigger
value is exceeded on 12 consecutive times, the operating
Fig. 13 Simplified vector diagram for calculating the rotor angle

signal for stage 1 is initiated, and the time delay for stage
1 is started. The tripping signal is supplied if the condition
is met during the entire set delay time.
Depending on the selected version of the function, the

excitation current is either applied as a current transformer
signal to a current input, or supplied to the system by a
shunt in the field circuit via a measuring transducer, using
a so-called "slow analog input".
36
Underexcitation Protection (40)

Excitation Current DC, 3-ph.
In the first case, the excitation current value is determined Type of function: ME322
using the Fourier transformation; in the second case, the
excitation current is determined in a measuring stage that Inputs
is capable of processing direct voltages. Analog: 1 x current
This calculation is again carried out during each sample, i.e. 1 x voltage
12 times per cycle. The calculated field current is compared 1 x DC-current via measuring transducer
to the set parameter. If the comparison yields a positive Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
result on 12 consecutive times, and if the rotor angle also Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
exceeds the set trigger value for the rotor angle (i.e. stage
1 is initiated), the initiating signal for stage 2 is supplied, and Outputs
the time delay is started for that stage. The tripping signal Instantaneous trip stage 1
for stage 2 is ultimately supplied if the parameters for stage Time delayed trip stage 1
2 are met during the entire set delay time. Instantaneous trip stage 2
Instantaneous and time delayed trips are only initiated, of Time delayed trip stage 2
course, if they are not blocked by the above-mentioned 70 V
limit. In analogy, a test signal is supplied to the appropriate Setting parameters
input of the function, which triggers a test algorithm for the Rotor angle setting - stage 1: 30 ... 150 deg. in steps of 1 deg.
selected function. This is independent of the measured values Excitation DC current setting- stage 2:
and will operate the function. 10 ... 300 A DC in steps of 2A
The instantanous trip and, at the same time, time delayed Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 3 s in steps of 0.05 s
trips are reset if the initiating condition is not met during 36 Quadrature-axis reactance: 0.5 ... 2.5 pU in steps of 0.02 pU
consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension). System reactance: 0 ...... 0.2 pU in steps of 0.02 pU
Field current setting: 1.5 ... 45 A DC/V in steps of 0.5 A DC/V
Field current offset: 0 ...... 4.995 V in steps of 0.005 V
Voltage direction: direction 1, direction 2
p
Reset ratio
0.97
underexcited overexcited
Operating time
Range of operation
ϑrel
Accuracy
0,1 ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% In
≤ 2 degree (electrical) for rotor angle
q
u2/Xq,rel
rotor angle in degrees (electrical)
field current in A DC
Xq,rel selected quadrature reactance

ϑrel selected rotor angle
p,q,u P/SN bzw. Q/SN bzw. V/VN
Fig. 14 Operation characteristic ofUnder excitation protection stage 1

37
Rotor Earth Fault Protection, Rotor Insulation Protection (64E)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Rotor Insulation Protection

The rotor earth fault protection and the rotor insulation For the rotor insulation protection, a square-wave signal
protection systems are used to monitor the insulation level with an amplitude of approximately 30 V and a selectable
of the rotor circuit of a synchronous machine. Any deterioration frequency (0.1 Hz - 0.5 Hz) is generated by the input module
of the insulation is detected in time, which avoids the risk MIEGL25, which is supplied with an auxiliary voltage. This
of earth faults or double earth faults. The protection is signal is applied to the rotor circuit there by evaluating the
connected directly to the rotor. The monitoring covers not step voltage response of the rotor circuit, i.e. rotor, excitation
only to the rotor but also to the excitation system which system and excitation transformer, e.t.c. After a certain
has a connection to that circuit. measuring period (up to several minutes in some cases,
depending on the pulse frequency) the measuring result is
Rotor Earth Fault Protection a direct voltage at the output of the input module, which is
An alternating-voltage signal (approximately 30 V), with line directly proportional to the insulation resistance (ref. to fig.
frequency, which is generated by an auxiliary supply 16). It is then measured by the processing unit VE via the
system, is applied to the rotor circuit via the input module "special analog input".
elEGL21, in order to be able to measure the state of the
insulation. A direct voltage appears at the output of the The direct voltage that corresponds to the insulation value
above module direct voltage, which is indirectly proportional is sampled 12 times per cycle and compared to the trigger
to the rotor insulation value (ref. to fig. 15). This voltage is then values set for stage 1 and stage 2. If the measured resistance
processed in the processing unit VE via the "special analog value is smaller than the setting value of the respective stage
input". for 12 consecutive times, the trip initiation signal of that stage
is supplied and the delay time is started. The tripping signal
For this purpose, the direct voltage that corresponds to the of the relevant stage is supplied if the fault persists after the
insulation value is sampled 12 times per cycle and compared set delay time has expired. Proper functioning of input module
with the setting parameter. If the measured resistance value MIEGL25 is monitored in the module, which is displayed by
is smaller than the setting value for 12 consecutive times, a green LED indication and also an alarm contact is provided.
the trip initiating signal is supplied and the delay time is
started. The trip signal is supplied if the fault persists after Test and blocking inputs are available for both relay functions.
the set delay time has expired. When setting the required parameters and installing the
necessary hardware (i.e. input modules), the operation of
the protective function or blocking can be checked, using
these inputs.
The initiation and, at the same time, any possibly trips are
reset if the initiating condition is not met during 36 consecutive
samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension).
38
Rotor Earth Fault Protection Rotor Insulation Protection

(64E) (64E)
Type of function: MR111 Type of function: MR121
Inputs Inputs
Analog: 1 x voltage via measuring transducer Analog: 1 x voltage via measuring transducer
(special analog input) (special analog input)
Outputs Outputs
Instantaneous trip Instantaneous trip stage 1 Time delayed trip stage 1
Time delayed trip Instantaneous trip stage 2 Time delayed trip stage 2

Setting value: 500 ... 5000 Ohm in steps of 10 Ohm Setting value - stage 1: 20 ...100 kOhm in steps of 1 kOhm
Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Setting value - stage 2: 4.......25 kOhm in steps of 1 kOhm
Reset ratio Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
0.97
Reset ratio
Operating time 0.97
typical: 1.5 periods at 0.9-time operating value
Operating time
Accuracy depending on the fault resistance and setting value
≤ 3% of set value or 200 Ohm
Accuracy
Internal measured values ≤ 3% of set value or 1000 Ohm
Insulation value in Ohm
Caution: For avoiding bigger measuring failures the rotor capacity must
not exceed 1µF ! If the secundary voltage of the voltage Transformer insulation value in kOhm
lower than 110 Veff in nominal case, the below shown figure 15 has to
be calculated with the following linear factor : Warning: Maximum permissible capacitance for equipment with
Vsec galvanic connections to the input module: ≤10µF
110 , that means that the measured impedances get bigger.
5V 6V
4V 5V
4V
3V
3V
Output voltage
Rotor earth capacity = 1µF

Output voltage
2V
2V
1V
1V
without rotor earth capacity
0 1kΩ 2kΩ 3kΩ 4kΩ 5kΩ 0 20kΩ 40kΩ 60kΩ 80kΩ 100kΩ 120kΩ
Insulation resistance Insulation resistance
Fig. 15 Relation between output voltage at the transducer module and the rotor Fig.16 Output voltage of transducer module in dependence of
earth resistance at 110V VT - voltage at nominal machine voltage. rotor insulation resistance.
39
Stator Ground Fault Protection with Auxiliary

Voltage of 20 Hz, (64G)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method In a next step, the ratio of the measured voltage and
The stator ground fault protection system is used to detect measured current is formed, which corresponds to the
earth faults in the stator winding of three-phase generators internal measured value "system impedance", and compared
and of equipment that is directly connected to the e.g. to the set operating value. If the measured value is smaller
generator-transformer. than the operating value during 25 consecutive samples,
The protection uses a 20 Hz bias voltage and is therefore the trip initiation signal is supplied, and the time delay for
independent of, and uninfluenced by, any displacement tripping is started. If the initiation continues during the entire
voltage at system frequency which may appear in connection set time delay, the tripping signal is supplied after the set
with earth faults. The bias voltage amounts to only 1 % of delay time has expired.
the phase to phase voltage and does not have any additional
impact on the insulation of the winding. The protection algorithm monitors the voltage of the 20 Hz
The ground protection covers 100 % of the generator winding, generator, in order to monitor its function. In the event that
including the neutral point and in the event of an earth fault, the fixed set value falls below its nominal value of 5V, the
only a small current is flowing. signal "20 Hz signal faulty" is supplied.
The auxiliary voltage, produced by the 20 Hz generator, is Also signals at the function inputs "blocking input" and
connected to the open delta winding of the earthing trans- "test input" are used to block or test the function.
former via a band pass filter(alternative: secondary side of
neutral-earthing transformer). It is connected in parallel to The trip initiation and, at the same time, any possibly trips
a loading resistor. An auxiliary current transformer measures are reset if the initiation condition is not met during 36
the current that goes through the point of the earth fault. consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension).
The operating condition for the function is the ratio between Remark
the 20 Hz auxiliary voltage and the current in the auxiliary The equipment such as earthing transformers, 20 Hz signal
current transformer, which is interpreted to be the resistance generator, 20 Hz filter, as well as matching transformer and
value. In the event of an earth fault in the stator winding, resistor are dimensioned according to the guidelines of the
the resistance value decreases, and operates the function. equipment supplier for each specific application.
The algorithm of the function samples the set signals of the
function 12 times per cycle. It then determines the fundamental In variation to the connection to the delta winding, the
component of the 20 Hz earth fault current, as well as the system can also be connected to an earthing transformer
root-mean-square value of the 20 Hz voltage (for reasons that is located in the neutral point.
of precision). These measured values are displayed as
internal measured values in the operating program either The 20 Hz signal generator is either supplied via the voltage
as "measured current" or as "measured voltage". transformers, or from a three-phase safe AC supply from
the auxiliary systems.
40
Stator Ground Fault Protection Directional Stator Ground Fault

with Auxiliary Voltage of 20 Hz (64G) Protection (64G)
Type of function: MS211 Mode of Operation, Measuring Method
The directional stator ground fault protection system is
Inputs used to detect earth faults in the stator winding of three-
Analog: 1 x current 20 Hz phase generators and of equipment that is directly connected
1 x voltage 20 Hz to the generator. The protective function detects selectively
Digital: Test input earth faults from approximately 10% around the generator
Blocking input neutral point up to the point where the cable slip on current
transformer is situated.
Outputs
Instantaneous trip The directional stator ground fault protection uses zero
Time delayed trip sequence voltage and zero sequence current as measuring
Signal faulty criteria.
The value of the zero sequence voltage is used as operating
Setting parameters quantity, whereas the phase angle between zero sequence
Impedance setting: 4 ... 100 Ohm in steps of 1 Ohm current and zero voltage is used to decide whether an earth
Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s fault is located within the protected zone.
Reset ratio In the event of an earth fault, a voltage appears in the delta
0.97 winding (zero sequence voltage), which depends on the
location of the earth fault in the generator winding. The setting
Operating time value of this zero sequence voltage determines the
approx. 200 ms at 3-times operating value percentage of winding to be protected by the ground fault
protection. The zero sequence voltage also drives currents
Accuracy from all parts of the external system through the point of
≤ 3% of set value or 1 Ohm the earth fault, the size of which depends on the respective
zero sequence impedance. The direction of the zero
Internal measured values sequence current for the protected generator is detected
System impedance in Ohm by the current transformer at the generator leads.
Measured voltage in V
Measured current in A
41
Directional Stator Ground Fault

Protection (64G)
Type of function: MS111
Inputs
Analog: 1 x current, minimum current is 2mA
1 x voltage of open three angle coil
trip trip line
direction 1 Digital: Test input
Ven
Blocking input
slop
Ie1
Outputs
Ie2 Instantaneous trip
Time delayed trip
trip
direction 2
Setting parameters
Voltage setting: 2 ... 40 V in steps of 1 V
Time delay: 0 ... 10 seconds in steps of 0.05 s
Fig. 17 Directional characteristic of directional stator ground fault protection Selection parameter: direction 1 / direction 2
Reset ratio
It may be concluded that an earth fault is within the
0.97
protected range if current and voltage are in phase with
one other. Since, in general, the zero sequence current is
Operating time
not purely ohmic, an operating range of +/- 60º (= direction 1)
is admissible. Since the CT's may be physically mounted
with reverse polarity, which result in different phase relations
Accuracy
between current and voltage, direction 2 should be selected
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 0,5% Vn
for a phase angle of > 60 º.

The protection algorithm determines the set signals of the
angle Ven - Ie in degree
function 12 times per cycle. For each sample, the size and
phase of the signal is calculated, using the standard
method. The size of the voltage signal is checked to see
whether it exceeds the set operating value. At the same time,
the phase angle for direction 1 or direction 2 is calculated
and compared to the set tripping direction. If both criteria
are met during 12 consecutive samples, the trip initiation
signal is supplied, and the time delay for tripping is started.
If the initiation continues during the entire delay time, the
tripping signal is supplied after the set delay time has
expired.
The trip initiation and, at the same time, any possibly trips
are reset if the initiation condition is not met during 36
42
Overfluxing Protection (24), Overfluxing Protection (24),

2-st. 2-st.
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MX121
Electrical equipment, such as generators or transformers,
are designed and dimensioned for a maximum magnetic Inputs
flux during operation. If this value is exceeded, for various Analog: 1 x voltage
reasons (e.g. voltage regulator error), the equipment may Digital: Test input stage 1 Blocking input stage 1
suffer direct or indirect damage. The increased magnetising Test input stage 2 Blocking input stage 2
current, with a higher harmonic content, of a transformer,
for example, not only causes heating up of the transformer, Outputs
but also produces in inadmissibly high voltage peaks in the Instantaneous trip stage 1
field circuit. Time delayed trip stage 1
The overfluxing protection is a single phase system. The Time delayed trip stage 2
supplied voltage signal is sampled 12 times per cycle. The
value and frequency of the signal for each sample are Setting parameters
determined, using the Fourier transformation, and subsequently Volts/Hertz setting - stage 1: 0.8 ... 1.5 p. U. in steps of 0.02
the value V/f is calculated. This value is then compared with Volts/Hertz setting - stage 2: 0.8 ... 1.5 p. U. in steps of 0.02
the nominal value VN/fN, and saturation value S is derived, Time delay - stage 1: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
using the following equation: Time delay - stage 2: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
Nominal voltage: 70 ... 140 V in steps of 1 V
V.fN
S= Nominal frequency: 16.7 ... 60 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
VN.f
During each sample, this value is compared to the set limit Reset ratio
values for stage 1 or stage 2, which must not be exceeded. 0.97
If the results are positive for 12 consecutive times, the
initiating signal for that stage is supplied. If the trip initiation Operating time
continues throughout the entire delay time, the tripping signal approximately 3 cycles of 1.1 times setting value
of that stage is supplied after the set delay time has expired.
Accuracy
The trip initiation and, at the same time, any possible trips ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 0,5% Vn
are reset if the trip initiation condition is not met during 36
consecutive samples (3 cycles = trip signal extension). Internal measured values
saturation in p.u.
43
Signal Functions Signal Function 1
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MB111

Signal functions are used to supply binary signals
from the external plant to the DRS for signaling and/or Inputs
tripping purposes, such as, for example, mechanical Digital: Binary signal
transformer protection, e.g. Buchholz relay, e.t.c. Test input
Blocking input
The supplied binary signal is checked once during
each sample according to the selected active signal slope Outputs
(positive slope = from logic 0 to 1, negative slope = from Instantaneous trip
logic 1 to 0). The instantanous trip signal is given after 4 Time delayed trip
external input. If the initiation continues throughout the set
delay time, the tripping signal is supplied.
Setting parameters
Signal function 1 and signal function 4 only differ in the Active slope: rising/falling
number of signals which are processed. Signal function 4 Time delay: 0 ... 10 s in steps of 0.05 s
is used particularly if several signal functions are required,
e.g. applicable for transformer protection or if the signals Operating time
are required to be divided into common groups. 4 samples

none
44
Out of Step Protection (78) Out of Step Protection (78)
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MB311

The out of step protection is used for disconnecting a
synchronous generator which goes out of step. The loss Inputs
of synchronism can have several causes; e.g. to low or Digital: Binary signal (aux. input system 1)
missing excitation, weak coupling with the system caused Binary signal (aux. input system 2)
by long transmission distances. Binary signal (aux. input system 3)
The function "Out of step protection" can use both at Outputs

asynchronous running more or less arising 3-phase, Time delayed trip
periodical over currents and also the periodical instantaneous
trip of the under excitation protection. In the first case the Setting parameters
three phase instantaneous trips are being switched to the Number of out of step pulses: 1 ... 25 in steps of 1 pluse
binary inputs. In the second case the instantaneous trip of Measuring time: 0 ... 180 s in steps of 5 s
the under excitation protection is being switched parallel to
all three binary inputs. Internal measured values
pulses of out of step
The function algorithm samples the three binary inputs 12
times each period. If a logic 0/1 signal change is being
recognised at all three binary inputs simultaneous (tolerance
+/- fi period) and if these three signals stay at logic 1 for at
least two periods then the out of step counter is being in-
cremented by one and the measure time is being started.
Further out of step pulses during the measuring time
increment the counter so long until the adjusted out of step
amount is reached that a trip for three periods is put out at
the digital output.
Is the out of step number not reached within the measuring
time, the out of step counter will be reset after expiry of the
measuring time.
45
CT / VT Supervision Current Transformer Supervision

3-ph.
Mode of Operation, Measuring Method Type of function: MT311
Current transformer and voltage transformer supervision
functions are used as part of the self-monitoring system of Inputs
the DRS, in order to monitor both the CT´s and VT´s Analog: 3 x current L1, L2, L3
connected to the protective system and the signal
processing in the protective device. This monitoring Outputs
operation is based on the assumption that, generally, no Internal fault signal category 1
zero sequence or negative phase sequence components
appear in high-voltage systems, except during system Setting parameters
faults. Unbalanced current setting : 0.1 ... 0.5 x ln in steps of 1 %
All analog signals of the function are sampled 12 times per
cycle. They are then used to determine the zero sequence
quantity for all monitored functions, except for function "V.T. Reset ratio
Monitoring 3-ph. Delta", by simply adding up the sample 0.97
values. In the case of function "V.T. Monitoring 3-ph. Delta",
due to its particular connection, a negative-phase sequence Accuracy
system is determined by adding up time-delayed sampling ≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 2% In
values.
Operating time
Next, the amplitude of the fundamental wave of the resulting typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
signal is determined (Fourier transformation), using the
standard algorithm. Internal measured values
For each sample, the calculated amplitude value is none
checked for its trip initiating condition (a bigger value than
the operating value). If the initiating condition is met for 12
consecutive times (= 1 cycle), the time delay is started. After
the set delay time has expired, the fault signal is supplied,
and the status "CT/VT error" is entered in the DRS error
mode.
46
Voltage Transformer Supervision

Phase-to-Phase Voltage 3-ph.
Type of function: MT313
Inputs
Analog: 3 x voltage L1L2, L2L3, L3L1
Outputs
Internal fault signal category 1
Setting parameters
Voltage unbalanced: 5 ... 50 V in steps of 1 V
Selection parameter: Phase rotation: positive / negative
Reset ratio
0.97
Accuracy
≤ 3% of set value or ≤ 1% Vn
Operating time

none
47
Technical Data
Manufacturer's Statement, CE Conformity Additional features are comprehensive hardware and

(article 10 of EU-Directive 73/23/EEC) software self-monitoring, interfaces for PC operation,
remote data transmission and a higher-level control and
The product "ELIN DRS ®“ has been developed and instrumentation system (option).
manufactured in accordance with the international
standard of the series IEC 255, the national standard DIN The protection system has been type-tested. Various
VDE 57 435, section 303 (September 1984), according to departments with ISO 9001 certification are responsible for
the stipulations of the low-voltage directive of the European production, project planning and order handling.
Community of February 19, 1973. There is also conformity
with EC Directive 89/336/EEC ("EMC- introductions"). This Type diversity
conformity is the result of tests done by ÖFPZ Arsenal The design family consists of 3 variants.
Ges.m.b.H. - Vienna, according article 10 of the above These are the types DRS-C 1 xxx
mentioned guideline in agreement with the basic subject DRS-C 2 xxx
standards EN 50081-2 and EN 50082-2. DRS-C 3 xxx
The diversity of protection functions is achieved by

General Data software resulting in a further classification.
Refer to table 2, page 64.
Basic Design
The DRS-COMPACT is an integrated, compact, fully digital If further type specifications are there not mentioned
micro-processor protection relay. All components that in the following information, the information is valid
characterize a complete protection relay are contained in for all three types.
one relay . The protective and additional functions are
processed digitally (numerically). One protection relay Type of Construction
contains several protective functions. All single relays of the Case for flush or projection mounting. The flush mounting
DRS-COMPACT have the same standardised hardware. case is also suitable for 19" rack mounting.
The specific characteristic is achieved by software variation
developed and tested for them. Mounting Position
A user-friendly operator software package, which runs on Vertical ± 30°
a standard PC under Windows ® 3.1 or 95 or NT, is used
to operate, display and process the stored operating data, Type of Protection
to set the parameters of the setting values, as well as for According to DIN 40 050 IP 51
the display, information and tripping functions.
Weight
Approximately 9.7 kg, when fully equipped, with peripheral
coupling module.
48
Connecting Diagram All protective relay functions retain the characteristic that is
Application examples with circuit diagram and single line specified for nominal frequency within these frequency limits.
diagram refer to pages 56 - 59
Nominal frequencies
Dimensions and Device Circuit Diagrams 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 16 2/3 Hz at request
Outline drawings
Panel projection mounting refer to page 62 Operating time
Panel flush mounting refer to page 63 typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value
Device circuit diagrams refer to pages 60 - 61
Main Components of a Relay
Creepage Distance and Clearance
(according to VDE0110/01.89) Processing Unit (VE)
Over-voltage category III, pollution degree 3 The processing unit contains all modules and instructions (hard-
ware / software) in order to be able to digitalise and process the
Equipment Connections conductor cross-sections analog signals, to record and process the binary signals, and to
The CT's, VT's and supply connections initiate the binary signal outputs. In addition, it also connects,
are screw type connections (terminal blocks), processes and disconnects the information which is carried
self-centering with wire sleeves 0.50 to 4 mm2 over the serial interfaces.
All other signal connections are
Alarm circuit connections 0.50 to 2,5 mm2 Inputs and Outputs of the VE
Analog input channels, as inputs which digitalise the

Trip circuit connections 0.50 to 2,5 mm2
current and voltage transformer signals 13
Special analog input channels which digitalises the
Frequency Operating Range
direct-current signals, or for signals with a slow rate
The system is designed for a frequency range of 10 to 100 Hz.
of change (e.g. cooling medium temperatures of
overload relays) 1
The actual frequency range is the result of the respective system
Digital inputs 8
configuration.
Digital outputs 24
The following values can be taken as a guide line.
LEDs (1 green, 13 yellow and 14 red) 28
Serial interfaces RS232C (standard) 2
For a nominal frequency of 50 Hz:
Plug-in position for the serial interface according to
Generators and generator- transformers
DIN 19244 (control and instrumentation system inter-
Hydro-power plants 10 Hz to approx. 70 Hz
face) (interface optional)
Steam and gas power plants 10 Hz to approx. 60 Hz
Connections for auxiliary supplies and connections to
Mains transformers 10 Hz to approx. 55 Hz
ground 1
Motors (if no generator operation) 10 Hz to approx. 55 Hz
49
Technical Data continued
Power supply (Aux. DC voltage) Inputs for Analog Measuring Signals

Supply from the station battery via DC/DC converter.
Current transformers
Number of interposing CTs type DRS-C 1 6
Nominal auxiliary voltage VA Admissible ranges of type DRS-C 2 9
nominal auxiliary direct type DRS-C 3 4
voltage Nominal frequency fn 50 Hz oder 60 Hz (selectable)
24V DC ± 15 % (16 2⁄3 Hz on request)
or 110 / 220 V DC 85 - 264 V DC
Nominal current In 1A, or 5A (selectable)
Consumption (data on battery side) approx. 15 W
at rest Thermal and dynamic withstand of CT circuits
all LEDs and alarm relays activated approx. 18 W
continuous 4 x In
all alarm and trip relays activated approx. max. 30 W 30 x In
for periods of 10 s 100 x In
Maximum admissible ripple at for periods of 1s 250 x In
nominal auxiliary voltage ≤ 12% dynamic (1 half-cycle, peak value)
Stored energy time (at VH ≥ 60 V) ≥ 50 ms Power consumption < 0,1 VA at In

per phase
Possibility of modifying the Inputs and Outputs Technology linear Hall-Sensors
• analog measure values
• inputs for binary signals Voltage transformers
• alarm LEDs Number of interposing VTs 4
• alarm matrices
• trip matrices Nominal frequency fn 50 Hz or 60 Hz (selectable)
can be modified and programmed with the User (16 2⁄3 Hz on request)
software DRS-WIN by the customer.
100 / 110 V
Nominal voltage Un
Maximum admissible input 200 V
voltage, continuous 0,3 VA at Vn
Power consumption per phase electromagnetic
Technology voltage transformers
50
Inputs for Special Analog Values Alarm outputs

Only applicable for the so called "special protective functions" System information 2 normally close contacts
(e.g. measuring transducer, rotor earth fault protection). As
a matter of principle, the incoming signals are connected Programmable alarm
to coupling modules, which are integrated in the DRS-COMPACT Number of outputs 14 normally open contacts
on the incoming side, to isolate the external circuits from the
internal ones. Technical Data of Alarm Outputs
Normally open contacts freely configurable
Number of special analog inputs 1 Closing power ≥ 1000 W resp. VA at L/R=40 ms
Input impedance ≥1 k Ω Opening power 30 W resp. VA at L/R=40 ms
Permissible permanent current 5 A
Inputs for Binary Signals Short time current 30 A/0,5 s
Operating voltage 220 V nominal voltage DC/AC
Binary signals are integrated into the protective system via Reset time 2.5 ms
integrated optocoupling inputs.
Alarm Matrices
Optocoupling Inputs Software matix
Total number of inputs 8
Reserved inputs for standard functions 2 Trip Outputs
(remote accept, minute pulse) Number of trip outputs 8 normally open contacts
free configurable inputs 6
Technical Data of Trip outputs
Technical data of Optocoupling Inputs Normally open contacts freely configurable
Input voltage 24, 48, 60, 110 Closing power ≥ 1000 W resp. VA at L/R=40 ms
or 220 V DC Opening power 30 W resp. VA at L/R=40 ms
(please indicate when Permissible contnuous current 5 A
ordering) Short time current 30 A/0,5 s
Power consumption 0.5 to 0.6 W Operating voltage 220 V nominal voltage DC/AC
Each two neighbouring inputs have one common minus. Reset time 2.5 ms
Outputs for Binary Signals Tripping Matrices

Software matix
The system has a defined number of binary outputs for
alarm and tripping functions. These output are realised as
relay contacts. Depending on the application they are
assigned to alarm or tripping functions. The allocation of
the output signals to the individual protective functions, i.e.
instantaneous and time delayed trips, can be programmed.
Two of the alarm outputs provide system information and
have a fixed allocation. The sum of the allocated, freely
programmable instantaneous and time delayed trips is 22.
51
Internal transducer modules for special analog inputs
1. MIEGL25 for rotor earth fault (insulation) 2. eIEGL21 for rotor earth fault
Type of function: MR121 Type of function: MR111
The module MIEGL25 produces a DC voltage which is The module eIEGL21 is designed for measuring the rotor
proportional to the value of insulation. The both voltage insulation resistance in the low-Ohm range and gives out
supply circuits, which take the energy from the internal a DC voltage which is proportional to the value of insulation.
DC-DC converter with 12 VDC and from the internal voltage The measuring range is 500 Ω...5 kΩ. The module sig-
transformer (is equal with the generator-voltage) with 110 VAC, nals Ready by a relay contact. The required auxilliary vol-
are insulated galvanically up to 4 kV / 50 Hz. The module tage with 110 VAC / 50/60 Hz is taken from an internal vol-
MIEGL25 signals Ready with a time delay of 6 sec. after tage transformer (is equal with the generator voltage).
switching on the auxilliary supply voltage. The measuring The characterisic curve of the module eIEGL21 is shown
range can be selected between 0...20 kΩ and 0...100kΩ in Fig. 15 on page 39, the typical application in Fig. 24
(= default setting). The characteristic curve of the module on page 59 .
MIEGL25 is shown in Fig. 16 on page 39, the typical
application in Fig. 24 on page 59. Measuring range
500 Ω... 5 kΩ
Measuring range Maximum allowed capacity of the rotor circuit to earth: 1µF
0 ... 100 kΩ ( 0,38VDC±1% ... 4,75 VDC ± 1%) Withstand of insulation: 4 kV
Measuring frequencies 3. Measuring transducer

0,08 Hz ± 30% Necessary for the following types of function:
0,15 Hz ± 30% ME 322
0,50 Hz ± 30% MI 120
ML 121
Sample time ML 321
1min ... 5min (depending on measuring frequency and MU 120
resistance)
Maximum allowed capacity of the rotor circuit to earth: 10µF The programmable universal measuring transducer is
Withstand of insulation: 4 kV connected to a resistance thermometer, thermal element or
a DC current or a DC voltage source. It converts the measured
value into a typical current or voltage signal, which can be
used by the DRS-COMPACT. The mode and range of the
measuring transducer is being adjusted and programmed
by ELIN Energieversorgung on the basis of the specific
plant data. So that the transducer function is properly
operating with the protective function.
The auxilliary voltage supply comes from the DRS-COMPACT
internally.
The typical connection is show on Fig. 25, 26 and 27
on page 59.
52
Equipment Display and Operating Ele- (also refer to "Inputs for binary signals" on page 51)
ments Operating Elements on Equipment Front
and Operating Unit
Local Displays 1
The system is equipped with a sufficient number of LEDs Reset push button for LED indication ON/OFF
at its front side for easy visual recognition of the equipment Auxiliary power supply switch, activated with a pointed object 1
status. The LEDs indicate the operating mode and provide Program reset push button, activated with a pointed object
information on instantaneous trips , as well as time delayed
trips. With the exception of the LEDs, which signal the
operating condition of the relay, all other LEDs can be Operating Unit (PC - notebook)
programmed freely. industrial standard PC: 386 or higher
• PC MS-DOS 3.0 or higher
LEDs • operating system 3.1 or higher, 95 or NT
LEDs for system information 2 • Windows 4 MByte or more
colors: green (processing unit VE ready), red, flashing • active storage capacity (31⁄2”or 51⁄4“, minimum 1,2 MByte)
(partial failure, restricted operation of processing unit VE), • 1 floppy disk drive minimum 120 MByte free
red, steady signal (failure of processing unit VE, system • 1 hard disk storage 1 parallel interface (Centronics)
error, processing unit VE blocked) • printer port 2 serial interfaces (RS232) or
Freely programmable LEDs 26 • serial interfaces one serial and one mouse interface
colors: yellow (instantaneous alarm), red (time delayed trip) color display, VGA resolution
• Monitor minimum 640 x 480 Pixel
Display mode installed on hard disk
(please indicate when ordering), i.e. • 1 Elin DRS-WIN User Program english, german or chinese
Storage mode operating languages
additive indication of all instantaneous and time delayed trips
readings between two resets (hand reset) The delivery of the DRS-COMPACT does not include a PC.
Refresh mode new initiation cancels all previously stored The above mentioned data is only a suggestion of
indications (available only on request) specification.
Remote reset possible.
User program DRS-WIN
DRS-WIN is a graphic operation and interpretation

program with integrated FFT-analysing feature which works
under MS Windows. This software is included in the
delivery of the DRS-COMPACT on a 3 1/2" installation-
disk.
Operator Terminal DRS-TERM
It offers only a limited functionality and is delivered as

optional feature upon request. The hand-held terminal can
be used to set the main setting values of the protective
functions and to read the protective function measured
values. Because of the comfortable and various operation
by DRS-WIN with the PC we recommend to use the PC-
53
notebook. Manual of DRS”.

Serial Interfaces Tests
Serial interfaces are used as connections between Type Tests

DRS-COMPACT and the PC and/or any higher-level control
and instrumentation system. All tests according to IEC 255 (Electrical relays)
Number of serial interfaces 2 + 1 (optional)
Voltage Test
Type and Function of Interfaces 2 kV, 50 Hz, 60 s
The PC interface must not be subject to any voltage test.
1. PC Interface (standard)
Local connection of an IBM AT or a compatible PC (notebook) Radio Interference Suppression
via front panel connector of the processing unit VE. Serial according to VDE 57 871 limit value class B
interface RS232, V24 with 2400 bBits/s, up to 38.4 kbits/s,
for writing and reading access to set system parameters. Interference Emissions
Connector design as in DIN 41652, 9 poles, model D-SUB according to EN 55011, Group 1/A, wired and wireless
female. For galvanic isolation, a special PC connecting line
"accessoires") HF Interference Test
according to IEC 255, Part 22-1
2. PC interface (standard) Level III
Serial interface RS232, V24 with 38.4 kbits/s, only for reading Shape of curve attenuated oscillation
access, remote analyzing and remote fault record evaluation. Frequency 1 MHz
Connectionr design as in DIN 41652, 9 poles, model D-SUB Amplitude 1/2.5 kV
female. via terminals. Element for galvanic isolation available. Repeat frequency 400 Hz
See product description DRS-COM (Publication 1000/AK-SE Source impedance 200 Ohm
001/0395) for information of the complete range of functions Duration of test 2s
of this communication system.
Interference Withstand against Discharge of
3. Connection to Control and Instrumentation Static Electricity
System (optional) according to IEC 255-22-2, or IEC 1000-4-2
For connection to the higher-level control and instrumentation Level 4
system (station control and instrumentation system). The Contact discharge 8 kV
system supports this interface, which is ready for operation. Air discharge 15 kV
An additional communication module is necessary for Rise time 5 ms
activation (SIP). Connection for optic fibre cable with Half-value duration 30 ms
connector F-SMA.
Type of protocol: Interference withstand against Electromagnetic
• protocol according to IEC 870-5-103 (VDEW No. 6) DIN Fields
19244, hamming distance d = 4 IEC 255-22-3, or IEC 1000-4-3
Level 3, 10 V / m, 30 MHz to 1 GHz
For further detail please refer to the “Serial Interface
54
Modulation 1 kHz Sinus, 80 % AM 7 ... 35 Hz, 1.5 g /1 g

Interference withstand against Rapid Transient Routine Test
Interferences (Bursts)
acc. to IEC 255-22-4, or IEC 1000-4-4 All tests according to DIN VDE 57435, Part 303
Level 4
Rise time 5 ns Additional Heat Test
Half-value duration 50 ns 144 h, 20 - 55 ° C (6-hour cycle). Inputs energised.
Amplitude 2 kV data lines, 4 kV supply lines
Burst duration 15 ms Accessories
Burst frequency 2.5 kHz
Cables
Environmental conditions Optic fibre cable + standard cable between DRS-COMPACT
and operation PC
Operating Conditions Length: approx. 4m
according to DIN VDE 57 435, Part 3, or IEC 255-4 Type: DRS-KAB100 & DRS-KAB102K
Admissible Ambient Temperatures Communication system

Operating temperature-5°C ... + 55°C, 23°F ... 131°F
Storage temperature -25°C ... +55°C, -13°F ... 131°F DRS-COM refer to special publication
Transport temperature -25°C ... +70°C, -13°F ... 158°F
Relay test and calibration equipment
Humidity Exposure
according to DIN 40 050, Class F DRCII refer to special publication
Admissible Oscillation Stress

according to DIN IEC 255, Part 21-1
Test level 1
Frequency range (during operation) 10 ... 60 Hz, 0.035 mm,
60 ... 150 Hz, 0.5 g
Frequency range (during transport) 10 ... 150 Hz, 1.0 g
Admissible Shock and Continuous Shock Stress

according to DIN IEC 255, Part 21-2
Test level 1
Acceleration 5 g / 15 g
Duration 11 ms
Earthquake Withstand during Operation

according to DIN IEC TC41B (sec.) 63
Frequency range 4 ... 7 Hz, 5 mm / 3.5 mm,
55
Examples Of Application, Wiring Diagrams
MINUTE-
REMOTE
PULSE
RESET
VAUX +
VAUX –
L1 L2 L3
X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
X1 CHANNEL
2 X8
11 1 DC
1
4 RS 232
DC
12
9–PIN
2
3 CONNECTOR
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
6 FEMALE
AUXILIARY COUPLING UNIT
13 3
5 SUPPLY FOR DC-VOLTAGE
G ONLY BY X7
3 PH TYPE C 1151
DIN 19244
7 25–PIN
14 4 CONNECTOR
8
9 (OPTIONAL)
15 5
10
11
X6
12 16 6
25–PIN
CONNECTOR
FEMALE
19
20
V 0 12 TRIPPING RELAYS A L A R M R E L A Y S
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
V 1–2 13
22
23
24 V 2–3 14
25
26 V 3–1 15
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
FAILURE
TRIP 1
TRIP 2
TRIP 3
TRIP 4
TRIP 5
TRIP 6
TRIP 7
TRIP 8
RELAY
RELAY
STOP
Fig. 18 Example for application of standard types C1101 and C1151, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/2
MINUTE-
REMOTE
RESET.
PULSE
VAUX +
VAUX –
L1 L2 L3
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2
11 CHANNEL
1
4 DC X8
1
12 DC
3 RS 232
6 9–PIN
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
2
13 CONNECTOR
5 AUXILIARY FOR COUPLING UNIT FEMALE
3 SUPPLY FOR THE FOLLOWING RELAY TYPES
Type Function Type of the coupling unit Note X7

C3101 MR111 Rotor earth fault protection
C3102 ME322 Transducer for DC-Voltage enclosed DIN 19244
7 25–PIN
14 C3103 MR321 Rotor insulation protection enclosed
8 4 CONNECTOR
C3151 ML121 Measuring of the cooling medium temperature optional (OPTIONAL)
C3152 ML121 Adaption of the cooling medium temperature optional
X6
25–PIN
CONNECTOR
FEMALE
19
20
V 0 12 TRIPPING RELAYS A L A R M R E L A Y S
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
V 1–2 13
22
23
24 V 2–3 14
25
26 V 3–1 15
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
FAILURE
TRIP 1
TRIP 2
TRIP 3
TRIP 4
TRIP 5
TRIP 6
TRIP 7
TRIP 8
RELAY
RELAY
STOP
Fig. 19 Example for application of standard types C3101-C3103, C3151, C3152, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/6
56
FERNQUIT.
MINUTEN
IMPULS
UH +
UH –
L1 L2 L3
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 KANAL
1 11 1
4 DC X8
12 2 DC
3
6
RS 232
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
9–POLIG
5 13 3 STROM- KOPPEL- BUCHSE
VERSORGUNG BAUGRUPPE
FÜR KÜHLMITTEL-
TEMPERATURMESSUNG X7
FÜR ML 121 DIN 19244
7 (0PTIONAL) 25–POLIG
14 4 STIFT
8 (OPTIONAL)
9
15 5
10
11
16 6 X6
12
13
17 7 25–POLIG
14
15 BUCHSE
18 8
16
17
19 9
18
19
20
U 0 12 KOMMANDORELAIS M E L D E R E L A I S
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
U 1–2 13
22
23
U 2–3 14
24
25
U 3–1 15
26
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
GESTÖRT
GESTÖRT
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
GERÄT
GERÄT
AUS 1
AUS 2
AUS 3
AUS 4
AUS 5
AUS 6
AUS 7
AUS 8
Fig. 20 Example for application of standard type C2151, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/4

FERNQUIT.
MINUTEN
IMPULS
UH +
UH –
L1 L2 L3
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 KANAL
1 11 1
4 DC
X8
12 2 DC
3
6 RS 232
9–POLIG
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
5 13 3 STROM- KOPPEL- BUCHSE

FÜR KÜHLMITTEL-
TEMPERATURMESSUNG X7
FÜR ML 121
DIN 19244
7 (0PTIONAL) 25–POLIG
14 4 STIFT
8
9 (OPTIONAL)
15 5
10
11
16 6 X6
12
25–POLIG
BUCHSE
19
20
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
U 1–2 13
22
23
U 2–3 14
24
25
U 3–1 15
26
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
GESTÖRT
GESTÖRT
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
GERÄT
GERÄT
AUS 1
AUS 2
AUS 3
AUS 4
AUS 5
AUS 6
AUS 7
AUS 8
57
Examples Of Application, Wiring Diagrams continued
FERNQUIT.
MINUTEN
IMPULS
UH +
UH –
L1 L2 L3
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 KANAL
1 11 1
4 DC X8
12 2 DC
3
6
RS 232
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
9–POLIG
13 3 BUCHSE
5 STROM- KOPPEL-
FÜR KÜHLMITTEL-
X7
TEMPERATUR
FÜR EINE DER BEIDEN DIN 19244
7 ML 121 ÜBERLAST- 25–POLIG
14 4 STIFT
8 SCHUTZFUNKTIONEN (OPTIONAL)
9 (0PTIONAL)
15 5
10
11
16 6 X6
12
13
17 7 25–POLIG
14
15 BUCHSE
18 8
16
17
19 9
18
19
20
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
U 1–2 13
22
23
U 2–3 14
24
25
U 3–1 15
26
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
GESTÖRT
GESTÖRT
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
GERÄT
GERÄT
AUS 1
AUS 2
AUS 3
AUS 4
AUS 5
AUS 6
AUS 7
AUS 8
58
SPANNUNGSVERSORGUNG
DIGITALER EINGANG 1
DIGITALER EINGANG 2
GERÄT AUSGEFALLEN
FERNQUITTIERUNG
( z.B. ABSTELLEN )
MINUTENIMPULS
GERÄT GESTÖRT
AUSLÖSUNG 1
AUSLÖSUNG 5
MELDUNG 1
MELDUNG 2
( z.B. LS )
+
x2 1 5 7 14 16 x3 1 9 x4 1 3 x5 13 15
NETZ-
TEIL
x2 2 6 15 x3 2 10 x4 2 4 x5 14 16
Fig. 23 Typical example of wiring the auxilliary power supply, inputs and outputs, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/10
Meßwertumformer
X2/3 im Erregungssystem
X2/3
DRS-COMPACT
DRS-COMPACT
zur Erregungseinrichtung
0 - 20mA
Polradkreis 4 - 20mA
X2/4 X2/4
Fig. 24 Typical application of the special input for rotor earth fault Fig. 25 Typical application of the special analog input for
(insulation), MR 121 and rotor earth fault MR111 underexcitation DC: ME322
ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/11 ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/11
X2/3 X2/3
DRS-COMPACT
DRS-COMPACT
ϑ Pt100
X2/4 X2/4
Fig. 26 Typical application of the special analog input with Fig. 27 Typical application of the special analog input for
a Pt100-sensor for overload ML121 and ML 321 Over-/Undervoltage DC MU120 and Over-/undercurrent DC
ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/11 MI120, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/11 59
Device Circuit Diagrams
FERNQUIT
MINUTEN
IMPULS
UH +
UH –
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2
KANAL
11
1 DC
4 1 X8
12 DC
3 RS 232
*)
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
6 2 9–POLIG
5
13 STROM- KOPPELBAUGRUPPE BUCHSE
3 VERSORGUNG FÜR SPEZIELLE
SCHUTZFUNKTIONEN
X7
*)ABHÄNGIG VON DER
SCHUTZFUNKTION. DIN 19244
7 BEI EINIGEN 25–POLIG
14 4 STIFT
9
OPTIONAL.
15 5
10
11
16 6 X6
12
25–POLIG
BUCHSE
19
20
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
U 1–2 13
22
23
24 U 2–3 14
25
26 U 3–1 15
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
GESTÖRT
GESTÖRT
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
GERÄT
GERÄT
AUS 1
AUS 2
AUS 3
AUS 4
AUS 5
AUS 6
AUS 7
AUS 8
Fig. 28 Typical device circuit diagram type C1, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/7 FERNQUIT.
MINUTEN
IMPULS
UH +
UH –
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 KANAL
11 1
1
4 DC X8
12 2 DC
3
6 *) RS 232
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
9–POLIG
5 13 3 STROM- KOPPELBAUGRUPPE BUCHSE
VERSORGUNG FÜR SPEZIELLE
SCHUTZFUNKTIONEN
*)ABHÄNGIG VON DER X7

14 4 STIFT
9 OPTIONAL.
15 5
10
11
16 6 X6
12
13
17 7 25–POLIG
14
15 BUCHSE
18 8
16
17
19 9
18
19
20
21
13
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
U 1–2
22
23
U 2–3 14
24
25
U 3–1 15
26
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
GESTÖRT
GESTÖRT
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
GERÄT
GERÄT
AUS 1
AUS 2
AUS 3
AUS 4
AUS 5
AUS 6
AUS 7
AUS 8
Fig. 29 Typical device circuit diagram type C2, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/8
60
FERNQUIT.
MINUTEN
IMPULS
UH +
UH –
X1 X2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2 KANAL
11 1
1
4 DC
X8
12 2 DC
3
6 *) RS 232
IN01
IN02
IN04
IN05
IN06
IN29
IN30
IN03
9–POLIG
5
13 3 STROM- KOPPELBAUGRUPPE BUCHSE
VERSORGUNG FÜR SPEZIELLE
SCHUTZFUNKTIONEN
*)ABHÄNGIG VON DER X7
8
14 4 SCHUTZFUNKTIONEN STIFT
(OPTIONAL)
OPTIONAL.
X6
25–POLIG
BUCHSE
19
20
21
OUT 01
OUT 02
OUT 03
OUT 04
OUT 05
OUT 06
OUT 07
OUT 08
OUT 09
OUT 10
OUT 11
OUT 12
OUT 13
OUT 14
OUT 15
OUT 16
OUT 17
OUT 18
OUT 19
OUT 20
OUT 21
OUT 22
OUT 31
OUT 32
U 1–2 13
22
23
24 U 2–3 14
25
26 U 3–1 15
X3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ALARM 10
ALARM 11
ALARM 12
ALARM 13
ALARM 14
GESTÖRT
GESTÖRT
ALARM 1
ALARM 2
ALARM 3
ALARM 4
ALARM 5
ALARM 6
ALARM 7
ALARM 8
ALARM 9
GERÄT
GERÄT
AUS 1
AUS 2
AUS 3
AUS 4
AUS 5
AUS 6
AUS 7
AUS 8
Fig. 30 Typical device circuit diagram type C3, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/9
61
Mechanical Dimension Diagram
Case for panel projection mounting
Befestigungsschrauben: M8x20 ANSICHT VON UNTEN BEFESTIGUNGSBOHRUNGEN

Bei nebeneinander montierten
Ø8
Gehäusen ist ein Abstand von 20 cm
zwischen den Seitenwänden
einzuhalten
287
–X6 –X7
170
ANSICHT VON RECHTS FRONTANSICHT ANSICHT VON LINKS

212 287
–X2
–X3
287
–X1
316
264
–X5
–X4
Fig. 32 Dimension drawing of the case for panel projection mounting, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/2
62
Case for panel flush mounting
FRONTANSICHT ANSICHT VON UNTEN BEFESTIGUNGSBOHRUNGEN

212
255,8
264
264
198,1
212
ANSICHT VON RECHTS RÜCKANSICHT ANSICHT VON LINKS

212 286,8
–X2
–X3
–X2
–X3
X1
–X5
–X4
–X5
–X4
–X6
–X7
Fig. 33 Dimension drawing of the case for panel flush mounting, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/3
VORDERANSICHT SEITENANSICHT SCHALTTAFELAUSSCHNITT

233,6
246 220 220
239,8 4,5
6,2 3
27,5
298,1
Ø5
255,8
265,5
293
264
238
Fig. 34 Dimension drawing of the case frame for panel projection mounting, ELIN-Dwg.No.: 3521889/4
63
Instructions For Creating Your Own Relay Type
For the estimation of your protection scheme please use A minimal power protection is realised with a power function
the standard types listed in table 1. If you can optimise your MP311 or MP312.
job by configuring your own selected relay functions so you When counting the functions the basis function has also to
should read and use the following tools and hints. We also be added.
like to help you with more information or the suggestion of
a configuration of your individual requirements. Contact us Determination of the number of inputs
and we will send you the necessary specifications and
drafts. If you ask us we also like to send you a support for Following functions use or need the analog input for special
customer engineering under MS Excel. protective functions:
(From there only one of these functions can be implemented
in one relay)
Underexcitation DC 3-ph. ME322
Current DC 2-stage MI120
Voltage DC 2-stage MU120
DRS-COMPACT device type specification key number of current inputs
Rotor earth fault MR111
Device type 1 C1 6
Rotor earth fault (insulation) MR121
Device type 2 C2 9
Device type 3 C3 4
The overload function can use the object temperature
Table 2 DRS-COMPACT device type measuring as one chooses. If you use this option, so you
have to add the functions to the above mentioned category
The capacity limit of the protection relay is reached, when and also use the analog input for special protective funtions
one of the following three criteria is exceeded: for measuring the temperature.
Overload 3-phase th. Inverse time ML321
• The maximum number of functions is 17. Overload 1-phase th. Inverse time ML121
• The number of existing inputs
(analog inputs as transformers, analog inputs for Determination of the "SumValueMaxi-
special protective functions, binary inputs) mum"
have to be sufficient.
• The SumValueMaximum must not be The "SumValueMaximum" takes in consideration the
exceeded (see below). operating capacity of the hardware of the device. The
relays are defined with three maximum frequencies -
Determination of the functions and the depending on the plant demands and their characteristics.
number of the functions This maximum frequency is that frequency where the
protective characteristics and the accuracy stays within
If you need the function "Biased Stator Earth Fault 100%", the defined tolerances. At frequencies which are higher
then please use only the standard type C3103. the accuracy will be lower. The maximum frequency is
proportional to the "SumValueMaximum". The more
Any differential protective function can only be aplied one protective functions are implemented in a relay the higher
time in one relay. get the "Sum value" ! It must not exceed the "SumValue-
But you can implement any protective function in one relay Maximum"! The "Sum value" (Σ"C") for one relay is
more than once, expected those mentioned. Do you need calculated as follows:
a simple earth fault protection ( e.g. 90% SEF), please use Determination of the separate values
one of the 3 -phase voltage functions (MU111 or MU121). ("C") = Value ("A") x Number ("B").
64
The "SumValueMaximum" is defined as follows:
Protected Plant (nominal frequency 50Hz), driving motors "SumValueMaximum"

Hydro Power Plant generator approx. 100 up to 110
Steam / Gas generators approx. 110 up to 120
Motors and transformers approx. 120 up to 135
Table 3 Protected plants and matching "SumValueMaximum"
Mode of engineering your own relay

type
Please do your own relay configuration under to above

mentioned hints as follows: 9. If the sum value is lower then the "SumValueMaximum"
then the protection relay design is finished
1. Make a list of the necessary protection functions for successfully.
your protected plant.
10. Check whether the number of current inputs are
2. Make some copies of tables 4 and 5 (at page 66 and sufficient.
67) for a configuration aid. 11. Is the sum value bigger than the "SumValueMaximum"
and / or the existing inputs are not sufficient for the
3. Take the "SumValueMaximum" of table 3 for your functions, then you have to delete the corresponding
specific plant and write this value into the con- number of relay functions until the sum value is reached
figuration sheet under "SumValueMaximum 'Target' ". respectively the number of input is sufficient.
4. Take your list with the protection functions for your 12. When item 11 is completed then write the remaining
protected plant necessary functions (which are too much) into the next
column at the right side of the first column 'C'. So you
5. Select the suitable protection functions of the create a further relay. Please continue with item 6.
DRS-COMPACT by typing the number of needed
functions into the column "Needed FUNCTIONS"
of table 4. Repeat this procedure until each function can be
accommodated.
6. Design the relay, by typing the number of the
protective functions (e.g. 1 x differential relay, 2 x
current 3-phase, 2-stage) into column 'B' and provide You can use the filled in form sheet for your inquiry/order
the column with a name (type of relay). The sum documents if you also have filled out the fields with further
column 'B' (number of functions) must not be electrical and mechanical data for each relay.
bigger than 17.
7. Calculate the separate value of each function (value x

number) and write it into column 'C'.
8. Calculate the sum value by adding the separate values

in column 'C'.
65
Elin Energieversorgung
GmbH
DRS-COMPACT Design Form for Creating Your Own Relay Type

or Request / Order Form for Standard Types
When using the design form for standard types please use only table 5 beginning with capture “Further Data”.
Some design hints
Please fill in a number under “B”, For differential protection you need at least 6 current transformers !
the rest of selections can be done Für 3 input differential protection you need at least 9 current transformers !
with “x“ resp. with the needed Number of the differential protection functions: Only 1 differential protection function each relay.
number. Functions, which use the one “special analog input“, are marked with “sp. AI“ .
Maximum 17 functions each relay.
Here you design your new relay or you insert the type of a standard relay.
Type of relay Type of relay Type of relay
(your design nomination) (your design nomination) (your design nomination)
Protective function ELIN your value
NAME TYPE design ANSI “A“ “B“ “C“=“A“x“B“ “B“ “C“=“A“x“B“ “B“ “C“=“A“x“B“
Signal Function 1 MB111 - 3
Out of Step MB311 78 4
Diff. 2-inp., 3-ph. MD321 87T 35
Gen. Diff. 3-ph MD322 87G 16
Diff. 3-inp., 3-ph. MD331 87T 18
Underexcitation DC 3-ph. ‘sp. AI’ ME322 40 17
Frequency 1-st. MF111 81 19
Current 1-ph.1-st. MI111 51/37 5
Current DC 2-st. ‘sp. AI’ MI120 76/37 7
Current 1-ph. 2-st. MI121 50/51/37 7
Current 1-ph. 2-st. inverse time MI125 50/51 9
Dir. Overcurrent DT-Char. 1-ph. 3-st. MI132 67 15
Current 3-ph. 1-st. MI313 51/37 9
Current 3-ph. 2-st. MI323 50/51/37 12
Current 3-ph. 2-st. inverse time MI325 50/51 26
Dir. Overcurrent DT-Char. 3-ph. 3-st. MI332 67 26
Overload 1-ph. th. ‘sp. AI’ ML121 49 7
Overload 3-ph. th. ‘sp. AI’ ML321 49 13
Neg. Phase Sequence 1-st. MN211 46 6
Neg. Phase Sequence 2-st. MN221 46 9
Neg. Phase Sequence th. MN222 46 8
Dir. Active Power 3-ph. 1-st. MP311 32/37 17
Reverse Power 3-ph. 1-st. MP312 32 18
Dir. Active Power 3-ph. 2-st. MP321 32/37 20
Rotor Earth Fault ‘sp. AI’ MR111 64E 5
Rotor Earth Fault (insulation) ‘sp. AI’ MR121 64E 7
Dir. Stator Earth Fault MS111 64G 9
Stator Earth Fault with 20Hz aux. frequency MS211 64G 11
Current Transformer Supervision 3ph. MT311 – 4
Voltage Transformer Supervision 3-ph. ∆ MT313 – 4
Voltage 1-ph. 1-st. (also 90%, 100% SEF) MU111 59/27 5
Voltage DC 2-st. ‘sp. AI’ MU120 59/27 7
Voltage 1-ph. 2-st. (also 90%, 100% SEF) MU121 59/27 7
Voltage 3-ph. 1-st. MU313 59/27 9
Voltage 3-ph. 2-st. MU323 59/27 12
Overfluxing 2-st. MX121 24 9
Minimum Impedanz 3-ph. 2-st. MZ322 21 24
Base Functions – – – 27 1 27 1 27 1 27
Sum “B“ and sum value “C“
SumValueMaximum “Target“
Table 4
66
GmbH
DRS-COMPACT Design Form for Creating Your Own Relay Type

or Request / Order Form for Standard Types
When using the design form for standard types please use only table 5 beginning with capture “Further Data”.
Some design hints
Please fill in a number under “B”, For differential protection you need at least 6 current transformers !
the rest of selections can be done Für 3 input differential protection you need at least 9 current transformers !
with “x“ resp. with the needed Number of the differential protection functions: Only 1 differential protection function each relay.
number. Functions, which use the one “special analog input“, are marked with “sp. AI“ .
Maximum 17 functions each relay.
DRS-COMPACT
Further Data Description Oder data
Type of relay
Number of relay
Current inputs Number of CTs

9 pcs.
6 pcs.
4 pcs.
Current inputs, Nominal current
1A
5A
Voltage inputs The 4 voltage inputs are designed for a voltage of 100 / 110 V
and don´ t need to be selected separately.
Option temperature measuring
Binary inputs, 24V DC

8 (opto couplers) 110V DC
220V DC
Aux. voltage 24V DC

110V DC
220V DC
Option interface for control system
Case for panel projection mounting

Case for panel flush mounting*)
*) This type can also be mounted in a 19“ - rack.
Description Order data
User software DRS-WIN, operation and device manuals

DRS-WIN on a 3 1/2“ diskette, an operation manual and
a device manual are enclosed in one of the available
languages. Please select your language.
German
English
Chinese
PC < ---- > Relay, interface link
pcs. cable:
Communication system DRS-COM: Refer to separate publication
Table 5
67
Notices
68
Service Tips
ELIN Energieversorgung GmbH uses the word service in a Remote diagnosis for relays in service
comprehensive meaning: The service begins with advice
for the solution of the task and shurely doesn´ t finish at the The digital relays of the DRS-family, which includes the
end of the warranty period. DRS-COMPACT, are suitable for remote diagnosis. Already
Service, as we understand it, includes the functional design a common telephone modem enables the quick access to
and construction of our products, their easy operation and the expert know-how of our service technicians.
also the layout and easy use of our manuals. Also the possibility
of remote diagnosis our relays in service is a part of our The analysis refer to
commitment. • the product DRS-COMPACT (internal faults)
You have got a product catalogue in your hands which • the plant, where the relay is installed
enables a very easy selection and documentation of the (external faults)
chosen devices and performances without neglecting the
required technical information.
Additional to the addresses at the last page you can also
Service in catalogue layout reach us directly via following communication media:
• no order number
• the exact product definition is achieved by E-mail: WechHa@eev.elin.co.at
ticking in the table Phone: +43 1 89100-3515
• the filled in table forms can be used as Fax: +43 1 89100-3878
inquiry/order supplements
For continuous product development we preserve the right

Data storages ( Diskettes) to carry out technical improvements of our products without
additional project information in case of your requirements prior notification.
• interactive project table (EXCEL)
• Circuit diagrams and dimension drawing as Print mistakes preserved !
AutoCad Files
• other product information
© 1997 ELIN Energieversorgung GmbH, Vienna, Austria
The service idea in the product itself as an
example of operation
• extensive local indications
• use of the ergonomy of Windows platform
• no looking up or learning addresses and
abbreviations by heart for
- design
- parametering and
- operation
69
ELIN ENERGIEVERSORGUNG International TÜRKEY
GMBH Subsidiaries
ELIN ELMAK
HEADQUARTERS VIENNA GERMANY Elektromekanik Sistemler Tic. Ltd. Sti
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A-1141 Vienna, Austria Robert-Koch-Straße 5 TR-06770 Ankara, Türkey
Tel: (++43/1) 89 100
Fax: (++43/1) 89 46 046
D-82152 Planegg
Tel: (++49/89) 89 91 38
Tel: (++90/312) 4461 780, 4461 781
Fax: (++90/312) 4461 782
Telex: 112763 elin a Fax: (++49/89) 89 91 38 - 15
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GmbH
Telex: 6413
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Tel: (++43/3172) 606 Landsberger Allee 336 No. 9, Second Floor
Fax: (++43/3172) 3724 D-12681 Berlin Tehran 15139, Iran
Telex: 311345 elin a Tel: (++49/30) 5491-5500 Tel: (++98/21) 871 96 18
Fax: (++49/30) 5491-5501 Fax: (++98/21) 871 64 13
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DIGITAL PROTECTION RELAY • DRS-COMPACT

POWER PLANT AUTOMATION

A company of DIGITAL SYSTEMS

International Know-How Digital Protection Systems

Since the beginning of the seventies we are producing

Digital Protection Relay DRS-COMPACT

Description and application 2

Fig. 1 Digital protection relay DRS-COMPACT

Essential features DRS-WIN

The software module DRS-WIN is an easily learnable tool

Description and Application

with a local and/or via modem with a remote positioned

VDEW 6 Control system

Comfortable display and operation Control system

clear, actual and local information can be given to the

Fault recording with up to 5 x 75 cycles

Standard Types and Table of All Protective Functions

Number of Current Inputs 6 4 4 4 6 9 4 4 6 9

Description of Protective Functions

General Definition of Terms Setting Parameters

Legend to Table 1 Remarks

Measuring Principles Transformer / Gen.Transf. Differential

Adjustment of Sampling Frequency

Oper. Value 0.2

Fig. 7 Tripping characteristic of differential protection

Figure 7 shows the tripping condition for each phase.

If the tripping condition is met within 12 consecutive samples,

In case of a system disturbance, currents with a higher-

Transformer / Generator-Transformer Differential

Internal measured values

Transformer / Generator-Transformer Differential

Generator Differential Protection (87G)

Mode of Operation, Measuring Method

Oper. Value 0.2

Fig. 8 Tripping charakteristic of differential protection

Internal measured values

Overcurrent / Undercurrent Overcurrent / Undercurrent

Mode of Operation, Measuring Method

Internal measured values

Overcurrent / Undercurrent Overcurrent / Undercurrent

Setting parameters Setting parameters

Reset ratio Reset ratio

Operating time Operating time

Internal measured values Internal measured values

Overcurrent / Undercurrent Overcurrent Protection (51)

typical: 1.5 cycles at 3-times operating value 13.5

Internal measured values 0.14

Whereby t ....... Operating time in seconds

The delay time of stage 2 is equal to the used inverse time

Inverse Time Overcurrent Inverse Time Overcurrent

Setting parameters Setting parameters

Reset ratio Reset ratio

Operating time Operating time

Internal measured values Internal measured values

Inverse - Time - Trip Characteristics

Current DC Protection (76/37) Current DC Protection (76/37)

The measuring signal which is being transduced by the Outputs

Overvoltage / Undervoltage Protection Overvoltage / Undervoltage

Internal measured values

Overvoltage / Undervoltage Overvoltage / Und voltage

Setting parameters Setting parameters

Reset ratio Reset ratio

Operating time Operating time