Dr.

Nesreen Medhat EST2 BIOLOGY

01004677030 Mutation

1. In the figure X is pointing to the building

block of DNA, which is:
A amino acid
B nucleotide
C polysaccharide
D pyrimidine

2. Chromosomal mutations include all of

the following except?
A. Deletion
B. Duplication
C. Inversion
D. Translocation
E. Synapsis

3. If a frameshift mutation is caused by the addition or deletion of 1 or 2 nucleotides, which of

the following is correct?
A. Mutation at the beginning of the gene has less effect than that at the end
B. Mutation at the beginning of the gene has less effect than that at the middle
C. Mutation at the beginning of the gene has more effect than that at the end
D. Mutation has the same effect at the beginning and at the end
E. Mutation at the beginning of the gene has no effect

4. Several human cancers are caused by mutation induced by chemical or environmental

agents. Generally these mutations are not inherited by offspring because
A. Mutation causes cancers don’t appear in people of childbearing age
B. Mutations are not induced in DNA
C. Mutations can be removed from gametes during maturation
D. Mutations cannot occur in gametes or gamete producing cells
E. Only mutations in gametes or gamete producing cells can be inherited

5. Which of the following does NOT represent a mutation?

A. A chromosomal aberration
B. A substitution of a DNA nucleotide
C. A deletion of a DNA nucleotide
D. A deletion of a DNA triplet
E. A post- transcriptional change in RNA

6. Normal bacteria are able to produce the amino acid proline which they use for protein
synthesis. A mutant that cannot produce proline would most likely
A. Be unable to grow in media that lack proline
B. Be unable to grow in media that contain proline
C. Be unable to grow in any media
D. Synthesize functional proteins without using proline
E. Readily mutate to form that can synthesize proline

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Dr.Nesreen Medhat EST2 BIOLOGY
01004677030 Mutation

7. Which of the following is true about polyploidy?

A. It is the most common mechanism of speciation in animals
B. It is found only in genetically modified organisms
C. It leads to an increased mutation rate
D. It causes humans to be tall and heavy
E. It is commonly found in plants

8. Turner’s syndrome (XO) is a chromosomal disorder that can be diagnosed by?

A. Pedigree analysis
B. Biochemical analysis
C. Punnett square analysis
D. Karyotyping
E. Blood type analysis

9. Which of the following result(s) in an inherited change?

I. Gene mutation
II. Chromosomal aberration
III. Mineral deficiency
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only

10. An experiment was conducted on mice to test the effect of different levels of radiation on
the formation of protein X. After many trials, scientists noticed that the amino acid sequence in
protein X formed by these mice was different by one amino acid compared to the original one.
The mutation that has occurred in these mice is:
I. nonsense mutation
II. silent mutation
III. missense mutation
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II only
E. None of the above

11. What type of chromosomal mutation is represented in the figure below?

A. deletion C. translocation E. inversion

B. addition D. silent mutation

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Dr.Nesreen Medhat EST2 BIOLOGY
01004677030 Mutation

12. Which of the following statements best explains the fact that a mutation in a cell’s DNA
does not always result in an error in the polypeptide produced from that DNA sequence?
A. Some polypeptides are produced by a code other than a nucleic acid code
B. The nucleolus can repair damaged DNA
C. The Golgi body can repair damaged DNA
D. Each amino acid is coded by more than one codon
E. Scientists have no idea why this phenomenon occurs

13. The gene code is show.

In a coding gene, the DNA triplet in the transcribed strand is changed from AGG to TCG. What
would be the result of this change in the genome?

A. A non-functional protein
B. A different but functional protein
C. No change in the protein
D. Termination of the polypeptide

14. Which of the following is true concerning gene mutations in organisms?

A. Mutations are always disadvantageous to the species
B. Mutations occur when needed by a species.
C. Most mutations are sex-linked.
D. A mutation detrimental in one environment may be beneficial in another.
E. The process of mutation is not affected by x -rays ,

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Dr.Nesreen Medhat EST2 BIOLOGY
01004677030 Mutation

15. Karyotype analysis shows that an individual has a total of 47 chromosomes, including two X
and one Y. This most likely resulted from
(A) Duplication
(B) Inversion
(C) Nondisjunction
(D) Polyploidy
(E) Translocation

16. Cancer is a disease caused by mutations. Yet in most instances, if a parent tragically dies
from cancer, this does not put their child at greater risk than a person whose parents do not
develop cancer. How can cancer be caused by mutations and yet not be heritable?
A. Most cancers arise from mutations in germ line cells.
B. Mutations that cause cancer occur in sex cells only.
C. Mutations caused by environmental agents, such as tobacco smoke, occur in somatic cells.
D. Mutations that cause cancer are specific and cannot be passed on regardless of the type of
cell they occur in

17. What type of mutation is shown in the amino

acid sequence of the mutated DNA compared to the
normal sequence of amino acids in the table below?

A. silent mutation
B. missense mutation
C. nonsense mutation
D. deletion
E. insertion

18- 20
(A)Transformation
(B)Translation
(C)Transcription
(D)Translocation
(E)Replication
18. Occurs at the ribosome in eukaryotes
19. mRNA synthesis
20. Ability of bacteria to absorb genes from other cells

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01004677030 Mutation

21. Why are the frame- shift mutations particularly dangerous?

A. They shorten the length of the chromosomes
B. No other mutation changes phenotypes
C. They prevent transcription from occurring
D. They affect all codons following the mutation
E. Future offspring will be sterile.

22. Mutations are a permanent alteration that attack sequences of genes. The following strand
is a strand of DNA coding for estrogen, a sexual hormone.
3' ACC.GAC.TAT.ATA.TAT.CCG.CAC.TAC.TTC.GAC.ACT 5'
A mutation by deletion attacks the ninth nucleotide. The mutated sequence will be
A. 3' ACC.GAC.TAC.ATA.TAT.CCG.CAC.TAC.TTC.GAC.ACT 5'
B. 3' ACC.GAC.TAG.TAT.ATC.CGC.ACT.ACT.TCG.ACA.CT 5'
C. 3' ACC.GAC.TAT.ATA.TAT.CCG.CAC.TAC.GAC.ACT 5'
D. 3' ACC.GAC.TAA.TAT.ATC.CGC.ACT.ACT.TCG.ACA.CT 5'
E. 5' ACC.GAC.TAG.ATA.TAT.CCG.CAC.TAC.GAC.ACT 3'

23. A whole gene codes for the following tetrapeptide:

Arginine- Lysine- Proline- Valine
Given the following table:

24. What is the best evidence that genes encode the amino acid sequence of proteins?
A. Proteins are macromolecules
B. RNA directs amino acids synthesis
C. The amino acid sequence of proteins is changed by gene mutation
D. DNA serves as a template for RNA
E. mRNA is found in the ribosome.

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Dr.Nesreen Medhat EST2 BIOLOGY
01004677030 Mutation

25-27. Refer to the sketch of prokaryotic DNA as it commonly undergoes

replication and transcription simultaneously
25. If 1 is thymine, then A must be
A. Guanine
B. Cytosine
C. Thymine
D. Adenine
E. Uracil

26. If 4 is Adenine then D must be

A. Guanine
B. Cytosine
C. Thymine
D. Adenine
E. Uracil
27. In what way would the process shown be different in a eukaryotic cell?
A. Eukaryotic cell do not carry out transcription
B. Eukaryotic cell do not carry out replication
C. Eukaryotic cell do not carry out both transcription and replication
D. Eukaryotic cell carry out both processes, but they do not occur at the same time
E. Eukaryotic cell carry out both these processes in the Golgi body

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Dr.Nesreen Medhat EST2 BIOLOGY
01004677030 Mutation

24. This chart shows a list of messenger RNA codons

25. A strand of DNA with the sequence AAC AAG CCC undergoes a mutation, and the first A is
changed to a C. How will this mutation affect the amino acid sequence?
A One amino acid will change.
B Two amino acids will change.
C All of the amino acids will change.
D The amino acids will remain the same