CUMPUTER APPLICATION IN

STRUCTRUE ENGINEER

ENG /SHOKRY ALQAISI

Grade distribution
• Assignment/Attention 20%
• Mid-term Exam 20%
• Project 20%
• Final exam 40%
 CSI

CSI
SAP200 ETABS SAFE
BIRDGE
CSI Packages
• SAP2000
• for general structures, including stadiums, towers, industrial plants, off
shore structures, piping systems, buildings, dams, soils, ma chine parts and
many others
• ETABS
• for building structures
• SAFE
• for floor slabs and base mats
• CSiBridge
• for bridge structures
Structural Analysis and Design

• The following general steps are required to analyze and design a

structure using SAP2000, ETABS, SAFE, and CSiBridge:
1. Create or modify a model that numerically defines the geometry,
properties, loading, and analysis parameters for the structure.
2. Per form an analysis of the model
3. Review the results of the analysis
4. Check and optimize the design of the structure
• This is usually an iterative process that may involve several cycles of
the above sequence of steps.
 Objects and Elements

Object-based model Elements-based model

 Objects
Point
Line Object Area Object solid Object
Object

Frame
Joint objects Shell elements
objects

link/support Cable
objects Objects

Tendon
Objects

Connecting (two-
joint) link/support
objects
Objects and Elements

Physical
Objects Elements
Elements
Objects and Elements
• When you run an analysis, program automatically converts your
object-based model into an element-based model that is used for
analysis. This element-based model is called the analysis model, and
it consists of traditional finite elements and joints (nodes). Results of
the analysis are reported back on the object-based model.
Coordinate Systems
Coordinate Systems
• Each structure may use many different coordinate systems to describe
the location of points and the directions of loads, displacement,
internal forces, and stresses. Understanding these different
coordinate systems is crucial to being able to properly define the
model and interpret the results.
• All coordinate systems are three- dimensional, right-handed,
rectangular (Cartesian) systems.
 Global Local
Coordinate Coordinate
System System
Global Coordinate System
• The global coordinate system is a three-dimensional, right-handed,
rectangular coordinate system. The three axes, denoted X, Y, and Z,
are mutually perpendicular and satisfy the right-hand rule.

Z
Y

X
Local Coordinate System
• Each part (joint, element, or constraint) of the structural model has
its own local coordinate system used to define the properties, loads,
and response for that part. The axes of the local coordinate systems
are denoted 1, 2, and 3. In general, the local coordinate systems may
vary from joint to joint, element to element, and Zconstraint to
constraint.
Frames Local Coordinate System
• Each part (joint, element, or constraint)
of the structural model has its own
local coordinate system used to define
the properties, loads, and response for
that part. The axes of the local
Z
coordinate systems are denoted 1, 2,
and 3. In general, the local coordinate
systems may vary from joint to joint,
element to element, and constraint to
constraint.
Frames Local Coordinate System
• Section properties are defined with
respect to the local coordinate system
of a Frame element as follows:
 The 1 direction is along the axis of the
element. It is normal to the Section and
goes through the intersection of the two Z
neutral axes of the Section.
 The 2 and 3 directions are parallel to the
neutral axes of the Section. Usually the 2
direction is taken along the major
dimension (depth) of the Section, and the
3 direction along its minor dimension
(width), but this is not required.
Area Local Coordinate System
• Each Shell element (and other types of
area objects/elements) has its own
element local coordinate system used
to define Material properties, loads and
output. The axes of this local system
Z
are denoted 1, 2 and 3. The first two
axes lie in the plane of the element
with an orientation that you specify;
the third axis is normal.