Terminology. Prosthesis

Anatomy & Physiology In Relation
To C.D
dr. Eman Husseiny Mohammed
lecturer at prosthodontic department
Faculty of oral and dental medicine
zagazig University
2021
dr. Eman husseiny mohamed
Knowledge & Understanding Skills:
•1. Mention the components and surfaces of complete
denture.
• 2. Illustrate the oral and extra oral landmarks in
relation to complete denture construction.
• 3. Explain the nature of the limiting and supporting
structures in relation to complete denture.
• 4. List the different steps for complete denture
construction.

Intellectual Skills:
Determine the relation between the facial landmarks
and complete denture.

1. Terminology
2. Components of complete denture
3. Denture surfaces
4. Objectives of complete denture
prosthesis
5. Steps of complete denture
construction
Terminology
Prosthetics:
The art and science of supplying,
fitting artificial replacement for
missing parts of the human body.

Terminology
Prosthesis :
Artificial appliance that replaces any
missing part of the human body, eg.
Eye prosthesis, leg prosthesis.

Terminology
Prosthodontics or prosthetic dentistry:
That branch of dentistry pertaining to the
restoration of oral function, comfort, appearance
and health of the patient by replacement of missing
teeth and associated structures with artificial
substitutes.
Prosthodontist: is a specialist in prosthodontics .
Removable prosthodontics:-is the art and science of

replacement of missing teeth and oral tissue with a
prosthesis designed to be removed by the wearer . It
include removable complete and removable partial
prostodontics
Terminology
 Fixed prosthodontics:- the branch of prosthodontics
pertaining to the replacement of missing teeth by
artificial substitute that can not be removed by the
patient.
 Maxillofacial prosthodontics:-the branch of
prosthodontics that deals with replacement of the
stomatognathic and craniofacial structure.
 Implant prosthodontics:- the branch of
prosthodontics that deals with replacement of missing
teeth and associated structures by restorations that are
retained by dental implants
Terminology
Dentulous :
A condition in which natural teeth
are present in the mouth.

Terminology
Edentulous:
A condition in which the mouth is
without teeth.

Terminology
Partially edentulous:
A condition in which some of the
natural teeth are lost.

Terminology
Complete Denture:
A dental prosthesis that replaces the entire natural
dentition (complete loss of natural teeth) and its
associated structures of the mandible and/or the
maxilla.

Terminology
Partial denture:
A dental prosthesis that replaces one or more, but less
than all, of the natural teeth and its associated
structures and that is supported by teeth and/or the
mucosa. It may be fixed or removable.
Removable partial denture:- is apartial denture that
can be removed from the mouth and replaced.
Fixed partial denture:- is a partial denture that is
cemented to the natural teeth or to dental implant.

Terminology
 Retention:- is a quality inherent in a prosthesis acting
to resist dislodging forces along the path of placement.
 Stability :- is the quality of proshesis to be firm
,steady ,or constant, to resist displacement by
functional horizontal or rotational forces.
 Support:- is the quality of prosthesis to resist vertical
tissue ward forces.
 Supporting area:- is the foundation area on which a
dental prosthesis rests.

 Components of complete denture:
A complete denture consists of.
1-Denture base. 2-Denture flanges.
3-Denture teeth. 4- Denture border

2-Denture flanges.

Denture surfaces

 Objectives in complete denture construction:
1. Restoration of function of mastication.
2. Restoration of normal facial dimensions and
contours.
3. Correction of speech defects.
4. preservation of the remaining natural tissues.
5. Satisfaction and comfort of the patient.

Steps of complete denture
construction
Clinical steps Laboratory steps
1. Examination of the 3. a- Pouring study casts.

patient. b- Construction of special
2. Preliminary impressions trays.
(in stock trays).
4. Final impressions (in 5. a- Pouring master casts (in
special trays). stone plaster).
b- Construction of record
blocks.
6. Recording jaw 7. a- Mounting of the casts on
relationship and selection of the articulator.
teeth. b- Setting-up of teeth.
c- Waxing up.
Clinical steps Laboratory steps
8. Try-in stage . 9. - Flasking.

-Wax elimination.
-Packing of acrylic resin.
-Processing and curing
-Deflasking
10 . Delivery of the dentures &

instructions for use .
11 . Follow up recalls .

Primary impression

 First Clinical Appointment
Preliminary Impressions
Modified Stock
Edentulous Impression Trays

 First Clinical Appointment
Preliminary Cast
Fabrication

Primary impression

Special trays

Secondary impression

 Laboratory Procedures
Record Bases & Occlusion Rims
Maxillary & Mandibular Master Casts

Record blocks

Jaw relationship

 Third Clinical Appointment
Transfer our patient’s . . .

. . .maxillary and mandibular relationship. . .
Mounting on articulator

Arrangement of teeth

Try-in stage

Wax Trial Denture Fabrication
 Laboratory Procedures
FOR MORE INFO...

Flasking

Wax elimination

Packing of acrylic resin

Finished and polished dentures

Extra-oral landmarks

1- Inter-pupillary line
•Imaginary line running between the two pupils of the
eye when the patient is looking straight forward .
•used for orientation of maxillary anterior occlusal plan.

2- Ala-tragus line (Camper’s line)
• Imaginary line running from the inferior
border of the ala of the nose to superior border
of the tragus of the ear .
• Used for establishing the posterior occlusal
plane of the artificial

3-Canthus-tragus line
• Imaginary line running from the outer
canthus of the to the superior border of the
tragus of the ear.
• Used for locating the position of the
condyles.

4- Naso-labial sulcus
5- Vermillion border
6- Philtrum

7- Angle of the mouth
Angular cheilitis
8- Mento-labial sulcus

9- Modiolus
Confluence (meeting place) of the buccinator
and other facial muscles near the angle of the
mouth. It is supported by the maxillary
premolars. With the loss of teeth, it drops
giving the characteristic sunken cheeks

Intra oral landmarks
 The anatomic landmarks of significance in relation to
maxillary and mandibular complete denture
impressions can be discussed as:
1- Supporting areas.
A- Primary stress-bearing areas.
B- Secondary stress-bearing areas.
2- Relief areas.
3- Limiting areas.

Maxillary anatomic landmarks
1. Supporting structure:-
 Primary stress bearing area
-firm tuberosities
- hard palate on either side of palatal raphe
- alveolar ridge
 Secondary stress bearing area . Rugae area
2. Relief area:-
 Incisive papillae.
 Midpalatine raphe
 Secondary stress bearing areas. Rugae area

Maxillary anatomic
landmarks
Intraoral landmarks of prosthetic

importance.

Maxillary anatomic landmarks
1. Residual ridge.
2. Maxillary tuberosity
3. Median palatine raphae
4. Incisive papilla
5. The palatine rugae
6. Torus palatinus
7. Fovea palatina
8. Root of the zygomatic arch

Maxillary supporting structures
1-Residual ridge.
The residual ridge is considered the primary stress
bearing area in the upper jaw……….why?

 2- the hard palate:-The main support for the
maxillary denture is the bone of two maxilla and
palatine bone. It is covered by keratinized epithelium.
 Clinical significance…. Horizontal portion of the hard
palate lateral to midline provides the primary support
area for the maxillary denture.

The palatal vault
 The palatal vault is formed anteriorly by the hard
palatal and posteriorly by the soft palate.
 Types of alveolar ridges and palatal form:
 a- Well-developed upper ridge but not abnormally
thick ridges and a palate with a moderate vault
 b- High V-shaped palate usually associated with thick
bulky ridge
 c- Flat palate with small ridge and shallow sulcus .
 d- Ridge exhibiting gross undercut areas .

3- Maxillary tuberosity.
A rounded prominent bulge behind and slightly above the
distal end of the maxillary ridge. It is important for retention
and stability of the maxillary denture against lateal forces
and extremely large tuberosity may need surgical correction
before complete denture construction.

Maxillary tuberosity
4- Median palatine raphe:
The midpalatal suture is covered with a thin mucoperiostium
with little or no submcosa called the median palatine raphe.
Importance: The median palatine raphe should be relieved
to prevent the upper denture from rocking and splitting.

Median palatine raphe
5- Incisive papilla:
Anatomy: It is a thick part of the mucous membrane just behind
the central incisors. It covers the opening of the incisive foramen.,
at the ant.end of median palatine raphe
- It should be relieved to avoid burning sensation.
- It is often used as a midline landmark.
-A guide to the anteroposterior position of the teeth (centrals and
canines)

5- Incisive papilla

Incisive pillapa
6- The palatine rugae:
Irregularly shaped ridges of dense connective
tissues in the anterior one third of the hard palate.
These are considered to be secondary stress-bearing
areas.
Associated with speech(linguopalatal sounds, s
sounds)

The palatine rugae:
 Clinical significance:
 While making final impression for the maxillary arch,
one should make sure pressure is not applied on the
rugae area which can cause distortion of the tissue.

7- Torus palatinus:
Bony projection of varying size and forms in the midline of
the palate or on each side lateral to the median palatine
suture.
a- If the size of the torus is too big or extended posteriorly
placed it should be surgically removed.
b- If the torus is small, the denture base over this area must
be relieved.

Tourus palatinus
9-Root of the zygomatic arch (malr bone
It is formed by the lower portion of the zygomatic
process of the maxilla which flares upward and
outward from the area above the first molar tooth.
- In severe ridge resorption it provides excellent
resistance to the vertical forces (support).

9-Root of zygomatic bone (malr bone )
Mandibular anatomic
landmarks

Mandibular anatomic landmarks
1- Supporting Structures
a- Primary stress-bearing area: Buccal shelf area.
b- Secondary stress-bearing area:
Buccal and lingual slopes of the residual alveolar ridge.
2- Relief Areas:
a- Mental foramen.
b- Genial tubercles.
c- Mandibular tori.
d- Mylohyoid ridge.
e- Undercuts or sharp boney prominence on ridges.
Mandibular anatomic landmarks
1- 1- Mandibular alveolar ridge:
 Alveolar ridge:-The remaining portion of the alveolar process
after extraction of teeth.
 It is formed of cancelous ,usually covered with a thin and
delicate fibrous tissue ,so unsuitable to bear stresses
 Following bone resorption , mobility of Fibrous C.T that covers
the crest of the lower ridge ,may cause pressure symptomes
under the lower denture
 It is unsuitable as a primary stress bearing
area……..why?

1- Mandibular alveolar ridge:
 The slopes of the residual ridge both buccal and
lingual have cortical bone coverage and can be
considered as a secondary stress bearing area.
 a- Sharp (knife edge) ridge crest require relief of the
denture.
 b- In severely resorbed alveolar ridge with thick
movable fibrous tissue coverage, adequate relief
should be provided

 Types of mandibular ridge:
 The mandibular alveolar ridges are classified according to
the stage of bone resorption into high well rounded, low
well-rounded, knife edge, and flat ridge

Mandibular supporting structures
2-External oblique ridge:
- Extension…….
- the lower denture should cover the external
oblique ridge not extend beyond it…..why?

3-Buccal Shelf Area:
This area is bounded medially by the crest of the
residual ridge, laterally by the external oblique ridge,
anteriorly by the buccal frenum, and posteriorly by
the retromolar pad . It is primary stress bearing area.

The buccal shelf is considered a primary stress-
bearing area of the mandibular denture,
because:
 a- It is covered with cortical bone.
 b- It is usually at right angles to the occlusal forces.
 c- The buccinator fibers under this area runs
horizontally and does not displace the denture during
function

4-Mental foramen:
 Located on the buccal surface
of the mandible premolar
region between the roots of
the first and second
premolars.
 In cases of sever ridge
resorption, the mental
foramen is usually located on
the crest of the ridge it should
be relieved………..why?

Alveolar ridge, External oblique ridge ,
Buccal shelf of bone (buccal plateau)
& mental foramen
Mental foramen External oblique

ridge
buccal plateau
Alveolar ridge
retromo;lar pad
5- Retromolar pad:
Small pear shaped area the distal end of the residual
mandibular ridge.
 It should be covered by the lower denture. ………….why?
1-ensure proper extension of the denture. It doesn't provide
support but covering it is essential to cover the buccal shelf
of bone
2-to help denture retention as It forms soft tissues seal
3-because of its spongy nature it is shock absorbent thus
covering it decrease bone resorption

6-Torus mandibularis
 Unilateral or bilateral bony projections sometimes found
on the inner surface of the mandible in the premolar
region.
 Sufficient relief should be made in this. If the torus is large
it should be surgically removed.

7-Internal oblique ridge:
 Bony ridge on the medial surface of the mandible
 represent the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle.
 It Should be included in the denture bearing area.
 It becomes prominent with resorption.
 Thin sharp mylohyoid ridge should be recontoured surgically to
permit better flange placement and avoid pain

Internal oblique ridge (mylohyoid ridge)
8- Genial tubercles or mental spine:
 Two bony projections covered that are located on the
medial surface of the mandible.
 In cases of sever ridge resorption these tubercles lies very
close to the crest of the ridge thus may require relief.

Genial tubercles
Border structures that limit the
peiphery of the denture
(limiting structures)

Maxillary limiting structures
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Pterygo-maxillary notch (hamular notch
6. The posterior vibrating line of the palate:


1- Labial frenum.
2-Labial mucous membrane reflection area or the labial
vestibule.
3-Buccal frenum.
4-The buccal mucous membrane reflection area or the
buccal vestibule.

Labial vestibule:
 a- The labial flange of the denture provides the
support for the upper lip.
 b- The labial flange of the denture will be in complete
contact with labial vestibule to provide a peripheral
seal in the denture.

Labial frenum & labial vestibule
(orbicularis oris &

superior incisive labii)
Buccal frenum & buccal vestibule
buccinator
Disto- buccal vestibule
The thickness of the denture in this area is affected by the
coronoid process of the mandible during lateral movement of
the mandible.

5- pterygo-maxillary notch (Hamular notch):
 Lies between the pterygoid hamulus and the distal
portion of the maxillary tubeosity.

Pterygo-maxillary notch (hamular notch)
Pterygo-maxillary notch (hamular
notch)
The denture border should extend till the hamular
notch. If the denture border is short of the hamular
notch, the denture will not have a posterior seal
resulting in loss of retention of the denture. If the
denture border is extended beyond the hamular notch,
the pterygomandibular raphe is pulled forward when
the patient opens the mouth wide open causing
dislodgement of the denture

6-Vibrating line of the palate:
 It marks the beginning of motion in the soft palate
at the midline it passes 2mm behind the fovea
palatinae.
 It determines the posterior extension of the
maxillary dentures.

6- The posterior vibrating line of the
palate:
 The distal edge of the maxillary denture base
terminates at this line. Posterior palatal seal is made at
the distal end of the maxillary denture.

7-Fovea palatinae:
Ductal openings of minor salivary glands usually two
in each side of the midline just posterior to the junction
of hard and soft palate.(at the ant.border of the soft
palate)
Land mark for the posterior border of the maxillary
denture (2mm posterior) to the fovea palatinae.

Fovea palatine
Width of posterior palatal seal
The soft palate
3 types of curvature
Arch
Relationship,
Arch Form
& Ridge
Contour
Mandibular limiting
structures

mandibular limiting structures
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Masseter muscle influencing area
6. Retromolar pad and anterior border of the ramus
7. Palato-glossal arch and muscle
8. lingual pouch
9. Mylohyoid muscla influencing area
10. Sublingual salivary gland area
11. Lingual fenum
Mandibular limiting structures
1- Mandibular labial frenum.
2- Labial mucous membrane reflection area.
3-Buccal frenum.
4-Buccal mucous membrane reflection area (buccal
vestibule.

Labial frenum and Labial vestibule
Orbicularis oris& incisive labii

inferiorly muscle
Buccal frenum & Buccal vestibule
Buccinator muscle
5-Masseter muscle influence area:
The distobuccal corner of the mandibular denture is in
relation to the masseter muscle. the buccal flange of the
denture must converge in a medial direction to avoid
displacement by the contracting pressure of the
masseter muscle.
Masseteric notch at the distobuccal

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed border of lower denture.
Masseter muscle influencing area
6-Retromolar pad and anterior border of the ramus
The mandibular denture should cover the retromolar
pad area and extends posteriorly till the anterior
border of the ramus of the mandible. .

-Palato-glossal arch and muscle

Lingual pouch:
 More anteriorly the lingual flanges are related to the lingual
pouch…….boundaries…??????
 May provide mechanical means of retention

Lingual pouch
-Mylohyoid muscle influencing area:

-Sub-lingual salivary gland area:
 The premolar region, the lingual flange of the lower
denture is in relation to the sublingual salivary gland.
 With excessive resorption the gland may bulge superiorly
affecting the depth of the lingual flange in this area.

8- Alveololingual sulcus:
It is the space between residual ridge and tongue. It
extends from lingual frenum to retromylohyoid space
posteriorly. It is divided into:
a- The sublingual salivary gland area:
b- The mylohyoid muscle influencing area:
c- The retromylohyoid space (lingual pouch):

7- Lingual frenum:
 It is a fold of mucous membrane from
undersurface of the tongue to the floor of the
mouth existing in midline when the tip of the
tongue is elevated. It overlies the genioglossus
muscle which takes origin from the superior genial
tubercle.

 a- The relief for the lingual frenum should be
registered during function.
 b- Relief for the lingual frenum should be provided in
the denture.

Terminology. Prosthesis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Terminology. Prosthesis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anatomy & Physiology In Relation

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

Removable prosthodontics:-is the art and science of

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

1. Examination of the 3. a- Pouring study casts.

8. Try-in stage . 9. - Flasking.

-Packing of acrylic resin.

-Processing and curing

10 . Delivery of the dentures &

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

Edentulous Impression Trays

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

Record Bases & Occlusion Rims

Maxillary & Mandibular Master Casts

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

Transfer our patient’s . . .

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

FOR MORE INFO...

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

•used for orientation of maxillary anterior occlusal plan.

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

Intraoral landmarks of prosthetic

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed

dr. Eman husseiny mohamed