Reported speech

I.Aims and objectives:

-To help s.s review the way to change from direct into reported speech
- By the end of the lesson s.s will be able to do exercises better.
II.Produce :
*Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói
*Nếu động từ chính ở thì hiện tại , tương lai thì ta chỉ thay đổi đại từ
e.g: The farmer says” I hope it will rain tomorrow”
The farmer says he hopes it will rain tomorrow.
She has said” I am tired now”
She has said that she is tired now
*Nếu động từ chính ở thì quá khứ thì trong lời trích dẫn ta phải thay đổi
thì, các từ,
1. Câu mệnh lệnh :
- e.g:”Hurry up , Lan”
He told Lan to hurry up.
“Shut down the door”
He ordered them to shut down the door.
“Don’t leave the room”
He ordered them not to leave the room.
“Please don’t tell anybody what happened.”
He told me not to tell anybody what had happened.
*Form: S + asked +sb +( not) to V
told
ordered

2. Câu hỏi :
a) Yes-No questions:
e.g : Have you seen that film?
He asked me if I had seen that film
 Will Tom be here tomorrow?
She asked /wondered if Tom would be there the day after
Lời dẫn + if/ whether + S + V( lùi thì)
b.) Wh- questions:
e.g: What time does the film begin?
He asked me what time the film began.
What will happen if she can’t find her passport ?
He asked me What would happen if she couldn’t find her passport
*Lời dẫn: ask, require, wonder, want to know…..
Lời dẫn + từ để hỏi + S + V( lùi thì)
3 Câu lời nói( kể):
* Lời dẫn: say , tell
e.g: He said to her” You are my friend.”
He told her that she was his friend.
Johny said to his mother”I don’t know to do this exercise”
Johny told his mother he didn’t know how to do that exercise.
Lời dẫn ( that) + S + V( lùi thì)
4.Request.
a.Examples:
- “ Can you buy me an English book, please ?” He said to me.
->He asked me to buy him an English book.
-“ Could you turn on the T.V for me ?” My grandmother asked me.
-> My grandmother asked me to turn on the T.V for her.
b. Form: S + asked + O + to + V(bare) +…
5..Advice.
a. Examples:
- “ You should work hard at school.” His mother said to him.
->His mother said he should work hard at school.
->His mother advised Nam to work hard at school.
- “ You shouldn’t get up late, Nam.” Hoa said.
->Hoa said that Nam shouldn’t get up late.
 ->Hoa advised Nam not to get up late.
b. Form:

S + Said (that) + S + Should(not) + V(bare) +…

S + advised + O + (not) +to + V(bare) +….

* Notes:
*. Thay đổi thì(Change in tenses of verbs)
Direct Indirect
Simple present - simple past
Present continuous - past continuous
Simple past - past perfect
Present perfect - past perfect
Past continuous - past perfect continuous
Simple future - future in the past
*. Động từ khuyết thiếu:(modal verbs)
must - had to
must not - was/were not to
can - could/ be able to
will/shall - would/ should
*. Đại từ chỉ định và trạng từ
this - that
these - those
here - there
now - then
today - that day
yesterday - the day before
tomorrow - the day after/the next day
ago - before
next week - the week after/ the following week
 Dưới đây là 4 bước cơ bản khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián
tiếp:
Bước 1: Lựa chọn động từ tường thuật phù hợp

Khi làm dạng bài tập câu tường thuật, bạn cần lựa chọn động từ để tường
thuật sao cho phù hợp với ý nghĩa của câu. Một số động từ tường thuật
phổ biến trong tiếng Anh là:
Động từ tường thuật Dịch nghĩa
Told, said Nói
Asked Yêu cầu/Hỏi
Denied Phủ nhận
Promised Hứa
Suggested Gợi ý, đề nghị
Ví dụ:

 She told Maya that she had bought a new bag. (Cô ấy nói với Maya rằng
cô ấy đã mua 1 chiếc túi mới)
 William asked his son which shoes he liked best. (William hỏi con
trai mình thích đôi giày nào nhất)
Bước 2: Lùi thì của động từ

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Thì hiện tại đơn Thì quá khứ đơn 

→ V1 → V2,ed

→ Learn → Learned

Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

→ is/are V_ing → was/were V_ing

 Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

→ is/are learning → was/were learning

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

→ have/has V2 → had V2

→ have/has learnt → had leant

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

→ have/has been V_ing → had been V_ing

→ have/has been learning → had been learning

Thì quá khứ đơn Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

→ V2,ed → had V2

→ learned → had learnt

Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

→ was/were V_ing → had been V_ing

→ was/were learning → had been learning

Can/ may/ must Could/ might/ must; had to

→ Hana said: “I can’t see them” → Hana said she could not see

them.
 Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

(Hana nói rằng: “Mình không thể

(Hana nói rằng cô ấy không thể
thấy họ.”)
thấy họ.)

Lưu ý cần nắm: 

Ví dụ Nghĩa

“You should drink some
Could, should, would,
milk,” she said. Cô ấy nói rằng tôi
might, ought to
nên uống một chút
→ She said I should drink sữa
→ Không lùi thì
some milk.

Câu trực tiếp đề cập

“The sun rises in the east,”
sự thật hiển nhiên,
he said. Anh ấy nói rằng
chân lý
mặt trời mọc ở
→ He said that the đằng Đông.
→ Giữ nguyên thì
sun rises in the east.
của động từ

Bước 3: Đổi các đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, tân ngữ

Vị trí Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Chủ ngữ I He/ She

You I/ We/ They

We We/ They

Tân ngữ Me Him/ Her

You Me/ Us/ Them

 Vị trí Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Us Us/ Them

Đại từ sở hữu My His/ Her

Your My/ Our/ Their

Our Our/ Their

Đại từ sở hữu Mine His/ Hers

Yours Mine/ Ours/ Theirs

Ours Ours/ Theirs

Đại từ chỉ định This The/ That

These The/ Those

Ví dụ 1: “Are you tired?” Jake asked.

→  Jake asked me if I was tired. 

→ Jake hỏi tôi có mệt không.

Ví dụ 2: “My cat has brown fur,” she said.

→ She said that her cat has brown fur. 

→ Cô ấy nói rằng mèo nhà cô ấy có bộ lông màu nâu

Bước 4: Đổi lại các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Now Then/ At the time

Today That day

 Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Yesterday The day before/ The previous day

Tomorrow The following day/ The day after/ The next day

The day before

Two days before
yesterday

The day after

Two days after/ In two days’ time
tomorrow

Ago Before

This week That week

Last week The week before/ The previous week

The following week/ The week after/ The next

Next week
week

This That

These Those

Here There

Ví dụ 1: She said, “I’ll remind you to water the plants tomorrow.”

→ She said she would remind me to water the plants the next day. 

→ Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy sẽ nhắc tôi tưới cây vào ngày mai.

Ví dụ 2: “I went to visit my grandparents last week,” Lily said.

→ Lily said she had gone to visit her grandparents the week before. 

→ Lily nói rằng cô ấy đã tới thăm ông bà vào tuần trước.

Bài tập câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh từ cơ bản đến nâng cao

1. Bài tập chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

1. “What are you doing?” she asked me.

She asked me ………………………….

 2. “Close the door,” Anne said.

Anne told them ………………………….

3. “Will you come to my party?” Linda said to them.

Linda invited them ………………………….

4. “Are you going by bus?” my teacher asked.

My teacher wanted to ………………………….

5. “I don’t like this pink carpet,” she said.

She told me ………………………….

6. Nhung said: “She can not help you tomorrow.”

Nhung said ………………………….

7. “What would you do if you passed the exam?” The professor asked
me.

The professor asked me ………………………….

8. “Do you and your big brother go to the same school?” Maya asked her
friend.

Maya asked her friend ………………………….

9. “Give me the red cup,” Selena told him.

Selena asked him ………………………….

10. “Hurry up,” He said to me.

He told me ………………………….

11. “You stole my phone, Alex!” said Lily.

Lily accused Alex ………………………….

12. “I want a blue jacket for my birthday,” she said.

She said that ………………………….

13. “Don’t forget to turn off the light.” He said.

He reminded me ………………………….

14. “I should go home to do my homework”, said Lily.

Lily told me ………………………….

15. “Stand up, Daniel,” he said.

He asked Daniel ………………………….

16. “She works in a station,” He said.

He said that ………………………….

17. “They have not eaten dinner”

He told me ………………………….

18. “I was brushing my teeth when Minh called,” he said.

He said ………………………….

19. “I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.”

He told me that ………………………….

20. Daniel said: “Where are you going on your vacation this week?

Daniel asked me ………………………….

21. “Are you serious?” she asked him.

She asked him ………………………….

22. “Can I meet you at the meeting?” He asked me.

He asked me ………………………….

23. “Dinner will be served after 6 m.m,” said my aunt.

My mother said ………………………….

24. “Are you going to the restaurant?” she asked me.

He wanted to know ………………………….

25. “Did you see the black cat?” she asked me.

She asked me ………………………….

2. Dạng bài tập viết lại câu tường thuật

1. “Where is my phone?” he asked.

2. “What are you doing?” he asked.

3. “Has Emily talked to Jessica?” my sister asked me.

4.  “Are you going to bed?” she asked me.

5. “Did you lock the door?” she asked me.

6. “I could play the guitar when I was seven,” she said.

7. “I don’t like peanut butter,” he said.

8. “You should go to school early,” Lily said.

9. “Will you help me, please?” Becky asked. 

10. ”Don’t play the guitar in this room,” the music teacher said.

11. ”What are they talking about?”

12. “I have just sent a letter to Hoa,”  Bella said.

13. “Do you like listening to music?” Alex asked.

14. “Which bike do you like best?” My brother asked me.

15. “Why don’t you help Jack?” Jenny asked her.

16. “Can I pick you up at 8 p.m?” she asked.

17.  “Where is the ideal place to go camping?” Nhung asked.

18. “Hank, please don’t tell anyone your salary.” said Tom.

19. “I’ll call you tomorrow.” 

20. “When was your daughter born?” said the doctor to Linda.

21. “Did Daniel send the book to you?” He asked.

22. “Can I help you, David?” asked Harry.

23.  “Don’t tell her about it.” she said.

24. “Did you buy the red dress?” she asked me.

25. The boy asked, “Who made the noise?”