TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 4.
IATA
ORGANIZATIONS (International)
Tourism Organizations
- Since tourism and hospitality is a
diverse industry made up of
many different segments, there is a
need to interrelate and share
information. This has led to the
establishment of several public
and private organizations at the
international, national, regional,
state and local levels.
International Organizations
1. UNWTO
- United Nations World
Tourism Organization
- The chief international
organization in the field of
travel tourism. An
intergovernmental technical
body which deals with all
aspects of tourism
Established January 2,
1975.
2. IUOTO
- International Union of
Official Travel
Organization
- A nongovernmental
technical body first set up
at Hague, Netherlands in
1925 to promote tourism for
the economic, social, and
cultural advancement of all
nations.
3. ICAO
- International Civil
Aviation Organization
- An organization of around
134 governments
established for the purpose
of promoting civil aviation on
a worldwide scale.
Established in Chicago in
1944.
- International Air Transport
Association
- It was composed of airline operators
attached to the national delegations
of the ICAO conference in Chicago.
Membership includes more than 112
airlines Serves as the agency
through which airlines seek jointly to
solve problems that cannot be
solved individually.
5. WTTC
- World Travel and Tourism
Council
- It is the only global forum
whose members are the
top decision makers in the
travel and tourism Industry.
It is the only body
representing the private
sector in all parts of the
industry worldwide.
6. APEC
- Asia-Pacific Economic
Company
- Focuses on tourism and
which recently achieved
official status as an
international governmental
organization. The purpose
of APEC is to establish
coordination of national
economies for the benefit of
countries in the Asia Pacific
region as a whole.
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
ORGANIZATIONS (Philippines)
➔ Tourism-related Government
Organization in the Philippines
1. DOT
- Department of Tourism
- It is the primary
government agency
charged with the
responsibility to:
• encourage, promote and develop tourism
as a major
socioeconomic activity;
• to generate foreign currency and
employment;
• to spread the benefits of tourism to a
wider segment of
the population
• To assure the safe, convenient,
enjoyable stay and
travel of foreign and local tourists in the
country.
2. TPB
- Tourism Promotions
Board
- Formerly known as
Philippine Convention and
Visitors Corporation
(PCVC) It is a corporate
body created under R.A.
No. 9593, which shall have
an authorized capital of 250
million pesos fully
subscribed by the National
Government. The TPB shall
formulate and implement
an integrated domestic and
international promotions
and marketing program for
the DOT.
3. IA
- Intramuros
Administration
- The IA is “responsible for
the orderly restoration and
development of Intramuros
as a monument to the
Hispanic period of our
history. As such, it shall
ensure that the general
appearance of Intramuros
shall conform to
Philippine-Spanish
architecture of the 16th to
the 19th century.”
- VISION: An iconic tourism
site that honors the
Philippines’ glorious past
–a thriving and vibrant future-proof
livable city, built on a foundation of
shared values and a genuine
Filipino sense of community.
- MISSION: Implement and realize a
restoration and redevelopment
plan for the present and future
development, management, and
promotion of Intramuros as a
national heritage site, by forging
strategic partnerships that ensure
its orderly, timely, inclusive, and
sustainable development.
4. NPDC
- National Parks
Development Committee
- As an attached agency of
the Department of Tourism,
the National Parks
Development Committee is
tasked to develop,
preserve, and manage
Rizal and Paco Parks in
Manila and other parks that
may be assigned to NPDC.
- NPDC shall develop,
preserve, and manage
Rizal Park and Paco Park
to ensure the general
public’s appreciation of the
Park’s facilities and
activities.
5. NPF
- Nayong Filipino
Foundation
- It is the only tourist complex
showcasing the many
primary attractions and
scenic places in the
Philippines. It is a major
administrative and
operational concern of the
agency to keep its facilities
and surroundings in the
best condition.
- The purpose and objectives
of the Nayong Pilipino is to
 promote, encourage,
espouse and/or initiate
research and development
projects on social sciences
and humanities and related
fields.
6. DFPC
- Duty Free Philippines
Corporation
- The exclusive franchise to
operate duty and tax free
shops was originally
granted to a private
corporation called Tourist
Duty Free Shops, Inc.
(TDFS) by virtue of
Presidential Decree No.
1193 (P.D. 1193) and Letter
of Instruction No. 595
(LOI595) both dated
September 6, 1977.
- DFP’s flagship store
opened on April 1997.
Called Fiestamall, its
building sits on a 5-hectare
lot built for duty free
retailing and it boasts of a
24,000 sq.m. selling area
and state-of-the-art
facilities.
DEFINITION, DIMENSIONS, AND
DETERMINANTS OF TOURISM
IMPACTS
- Tourism is one of the most
pervasive of human activities.
Traveling is now a regular part of
people’s leisure activities. Our
government puts top priority in
developing tourism mainly for its
economic benefits.
- Unfortunately, tourism has its dark
side too. Tourism, when not
managed properly, could lead to
environmental destruction and
social disruptions.
DEFINITION OF TOURISM IMPACT
➔ Tourism impact may be defined as
an effect brought about directly or
indirectly by tourism policies,
tourism related establishment and
infrastructure and tourist behavior.
DIMENSIONS OF TOURISM IMPACTS
➔ Tourism impacts may be
categorized in terms of:
1. Scope
2. Direction of change and
Type of impact
3. Scale
4. Distribution
5. Duration of the effect
➔ SCOPE OF TOURISM IMPACT
1. ECONOMIC - Inflation
2. ENVIRONMENTAL - Improved
Transportation
3. SOCIAL - Increased crime and
Prostitution
4. CULTURAL - Broadening of food
choices and Spread of such
sports as surfing
5. POLITICAL - Places that
contribute substantially to
government coffers from their
tourism income are able to get
higher priority in government
allocations for tourism-related
projects.
4 TYPES OF IMPACTS
1. Actual (Objective)
- Most economic impacts such as
increased population, number of
 jobs, amount of investment and
amount of tourist receipts
generated by tourism are objective
in nature and are quantitatively
measured.
2. Perceived (Subjective)
- This refers to the opinions
of somebody concerning
the effects of tourism.
3. Quantitative or Qualitative
- Quantitative Impacts are impacts
which can be measured and
expressed in numerical form.
Examples of quantitative impacts
are:
1. The amount of taxes collected
from tourism businesses.
2. People employed by tourism
3. Length of roads constructed as
part of a program to make a place
accessible to tourists.
- Qualitative Impacts are impacts
that can only be observed and
described. Examples of this would
be the:
1. Effects of tourism on social
relationships
2. Effect of tourism experiences on
an individual’s self esteem.
4. Direct or Indirect
- Direct Tourism Impact is one that
is immediate and flows from
tourism to the receiver of
impact. (e.g. residents) without
intervening persons, agencies, or
industries. (hotel -> salary ->
employees)
- Indirect Impact flows from tourism
to the receiver of the impact
through intervening persons,
agencies, or industries.
(employee rides a taxi to the hotel
-> reach the hotel -> employee
pays the taxi for his service)
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
- The more developed the tourism
industry, the more the destination
stands to gain economically from
tourism. The travel and tourism
competitiveness index (TTCI) of
the World Economic Forum is a
measure of the level of tourism
development in a country.
14 PILLAR COMPONENTS OF TTCI
1. Business Environment
2. Safety and Security
3. Health and Hygiene
4. Human Resources and Labor
Market
5. ICT Readiness
6. Prioritization of Travel and Tourism
7. International Openness
8. Price competitiveness
9. Environmental Sustainability
10. Air Transport Infrastructure
11. Ground and Port Infrastructure
12. Tourist Service Infrastructure
13. Natural Resources
14. Cultural Resources and Business
Travel
➢ Strength of the Economy and
Linkages
The net economic impact of tourism
depends on the proportion of income that
is retained in the local economy.
This retained income is basically the
difference between the tourism revenues
and the amount of leakages. To minimize
leakage, therefore, requires buying local
products and managerial services. To
make this happen, there must be sufficient
supply of such inputs at acceptable
quality levels.