AIP INDONESIA (VOL. I) ENR 1.

1-1

ENR 1. GENERAL RULES AND PROCEDURES

ENR 1.1 GENERAL RULES

1. Introduction

Aircraft in flight or operating on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome shall

comply with the general flight rules applicable to the operation of aircraft (Annex
2). Additionally, aircraft in flight shall comply with the Instrument Flight Rules
(IFR) or the Visual Flight Rules (VFR). An aircraft operating between the hours of
Sunset and Sunrise, irrespective of weather conditions, shall comply with IFR
requirements or, If in control zone during these hours, shall require special
authorization from ATC Aircraft operating within controlled airspace shall comply
with any request, clearance of instruction issued by ATC, or shall immediately
advise ATC if unable to comply.

2. Flight on controlled airspace

2.1 Area of responsibility for the control flight in controlled airspace and units
providing service.

2.2 Separation is based on.

a. Estimated or actual times over position reporting point
b. Reports of maintaining on certain radial / leaving of certain navigational aids.
c. Report of visual sighting, and
d. Radar identification, position information.

Note:
As position reports are most commonly used it is important for estimates to be
revised and modified to unit of ATC concerned if more than 3 minutes error.

3. Communications and radio navigation requirements

3.1 All aircraft operating under IFR or VFR within controlled airspace’s shall be
equipped with appropriate communications and navigation
Equipment enabling them :
a. To maintain two-way communication with the appropriate ATC unit. The
minimum requirements is VHF RTF equipment suitable for communicating
on ATC frequencies.
b. To maintain track within lateral limits of the airway and to negative in
accordance with ATC Instructions. The minimum requirement is one radio
compass.

3.2 The pilot-in command shall maintain a continuous listening watch on the
appropriate air / ground frequency.
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4. Air traffic clearance

4.1 An air traffic clearance is an authorization for an aircraft to proceed under

specified conditions within controlled airspace’s. If for any reason an air traffic
clearance is not acceptable to the pilot-in command, he may request an
alternative clearance.

4.2 The pilot-in-command shall obtain an air traffic clearance prior to operating in a
controlled airspace.

4.3 An air traffic clearance will contain the following items:

a. Aircraft identification.
b. Clearance limit and route instruction.
c. Level assignment.
d. Departure instruction when necessary.
e. Approach instruction when necessary.
f. Clearance expire time when necessary.
g. Any special instructions and information.

4.4 Request for Amended Clearance.

If the amended clearance is requested at a time a position report is made the
information contained in that report shall be given on the assumption that the
aircraft is proceeding in accordance with the current clearance and not with that
which is being requested.

4.5 The contents of an air traffic control clearance or any revisions there to shall
apply only to those portions of the flight conducted within controlled airspaces.

4.6 An air traffic control clearance may be issued directly to an aircraft by ATC units
or relayed through an air/ground HF RTF by communication units.

4.7 The pilot-in-command having acknowledged an air traffic control clearance shall
not deviate from the provisions of the clearance unless an amended clearance
has been obtained.

4.8 The clearance limit is normally the aerodrome of first intended landing, the point
of leaving controlled airspace on in the case of flight where prior co-ordination,
with an adjacent unit cannot be established, the FIR boundary.

4.9 In the event of an aircraft arriving at the clearance limit without having received a
further clearance, the pilot-in-command shall immediately request a further
clearance and hold in accordance with the specified holding pattern where one is
established or otherwise the standard holding pattern, maintaining the last
assigned cruising level until further clearance is received.

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5. Route and level assignment

5.1 The pilot-in-command shall fly in strict accordance to the route specified by ATC.
Deviation from the specified route my be permitted by ATC if traffic condition
permit.

6. Essential traffic information

6.1 Essential traffic information shall be issued to controlled flight concerned

whenever they constitute essential traffic to each other.

6.2 Essential traffic information shall include :

a. Direction of flight of aircraft concerned.
b. Type of aircraft concerned.
c. Level (s) of aircraft concerned and estimated time of passing or if this is not
available, the estimated time of arrival for the reporting point nearest they will
be crossed.

7. Departure instructions

7.1 To expedite departure, ATC may require a succeeding aircraft to do a step up

climb beneath the altitude or level of preceding aircraft, maintaining at least 1000
or 2000 FT vertical separation as applicable.

7.2 ATC may instruct a departing aircraft to leave a reporting point at a specified time
or to be at specified level at a specified point or time. The pilot in command shall
notify ATC if these instructions cannot be complied with.

8. Arrival instructions

8.1 ATC clearance or control instructions for approach to an aerodrome, to an

approach fix or holding point will be issued to an arriving at initial contact with the
appropriate ATC unit.

8.2 The clearance will specify the clearance limit route and level to be flown. An
expected approach time will be included if it is anticipated that the arriving aircraft
will be required to hold.

9. Air traffic advisory service

9.1 Provision of Air Traffic Advisory Service along the advisory ATS route will
includes:
a. Estimated position of essential traffic.
b. Suggestion of level to be maintained.
c. Information on weather.

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9.2 Provision of Air Traffic Advisory Service within Radar Advisory Service include :
a. Position information to assist in the navigation of aircraft.
b. Radar vectoring
c Information on observed weather.
d. Assistance to aircraft in emergency.
e. Warning and position information on other aircraft.
f. Assistance to aircraft crossing controlled airspace.

9.3 Radar advisory service officer’s advice and suggestions to assist the pilot in
command to avoid collision with other aircraft. It does not provide for terrain clearance
which is the responsibility of the pilot in command.

9.4 The words “ advice “ or “ suggest “ will used in advisory messages passed to pilots
the decision whether or not to comply with the advice or suggestion rests with the
pilot in command. The pilot shall indicate his intention without delay.

10. Flight Information Service (FIS)

10.1 Flight information service is provided to all flights.

10.2 Provision of Flight Information Service will include :

a. SIGMET information concerning tropical revolving storm, active thunder storm
areas, severe line squall, heavy hail, severe turbulence, severe icing and
marked mountain wave, volcanoes activity
b. Special Air-Reports, when available.
c. Landing forecast (Trend type ) for main airports.
d. QAM
e. Upper-air information forecast of en-route upper winds and temperature,
available on request only
f. Traffic information
g. And any other essential information useful for the safety operation of the
aircraft.

10.3 All aircraft on VFR flight and aircraft on IFR flight outside controlled airspace shall
maintain watch on the frequency used by the unit providing flight information
service.

11. Aerodrome flight information service (AFIS)

11.1 General
At aerodromes where no Aerodrome Control Service is provided, Aerodrome Flight
Information Service may be provided. Pilots should decide for themselves the
necessary action to be taken and to provide their own separation.

11.2 Responsible Authority

Authority responsible for the provision of Aerodrome Flight Information Service is
either Flight Service Officer or Air Traffic Controller.

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11.3 Service Provided

11.3.1 Aerodrome Flight Information Service as essential information are Provided to

assist aircraft approaching to land or about to take off.

11.3.2 Such information shall consist of:

a. Essential traffic information
b. Current weather information
c. Essential aerodrome information
d. Any other pertinent information useful for the safe conduct of flight.

11.3.3 Alerting service.

11.4 Procedures Required

11.4.1 Incoming aircraft shall contact the appropriate AFIS unit at least 15 minutes out to
obtain the essential information required.

11.4.2 Departing aircraft shall inform the AFIS unit when they are ready to taxi to obtain
the necessary information and shall inform the AFIS unit upon leaving the
appropriate frequency

11.4.3 Pilots shall determine and pass the departure time to the appropriate AFIS unit.

11.5 Phraseologies to be used

11.5.1 AFIS unit shall be identified by the name of the aerodrome followed by the word
“INFORMATION”

11.5.2 The word “CLEAR” shall only be used in reference to the runway in use selected by
the pilot to indicate that it is clear of any obstruction .

11.5.3 The departure time of any flight shall be the time at which the aircraft proceed on
course for its destination either direct or via a diversion or traffic corridor .

11.5.4 The phrase “RUNWAY IN USE” shall be omitted; the pilot will Nominate the runway
in use.

11.5.5 For identifying the aircraft the “ THREE LETTER” call sign may be used consisting
of the first, the fourth and fifth letter of the aircraft registration mark.

11.5.6 When flight number in use , the company radio telephony designator, followed by
the flight number shall be used.

Examples :

1). For aircraft reporting 15 minutes out.

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PILOT : ………. (Name of the Aerodrome) INFORMATION ……………………...

………. (Aircraft Call Sign or Flight Number).
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign or Flight Number) ……………………………….
………. (Name of the Aerodrome) INFORMATION
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign, coming from. (Name of AD), PSN 15 minutes
out, ALT….. ETA …..
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) QNH ..….. (Figure) INCHES (or
MILLIBARS),
ADVISE WHEN FIVE MINUTES OUT.
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign)

2). For aircraft approaching to land.

PILOT : ………. (Name of the Aerodrome) INFORMATION

………. (Aircraft Call Sign) FIVE MINUTES OUT.
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) , WIND …. (figure) DEGRRES …….. (figure)
QNH ….. (figure) INCHES (or MILLIBARS), VISIBILITY ……..…. (figure)
METERS (or kilometers), CLOUD….. ( Type and Amount in height) AT ..
(figure) FEET.
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) WILL USE RUNWAY … (Runway Number).
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign), ADVISE ON BASE LEG
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) ON BASE-LEG
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) RUNWAY IS CLEAR

3). For out going aircraft about to taxi.

PILOT : ………. (Name of the Aerodrome) INFORMATION

………. ( Aircraft Call Sign) READY TO TAXY.
AFIS : ………. ( Aircraft Call Sign) ….. ( Name of the Aerodrome)
INFORMATION, WIND ….. (figure) DEGREES
………. (figure) QNH ….. (Figure) INCHES (or MILLIBARS).
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) WILL USE RUNWAY
………. (Runway Number).
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign).
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) READY.
AFIS : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) RUNWAY IS CLEAR.

4). For out going aircraft after airborne.

PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign) DEPARTURE or ON COURSE AT ……...…

………. (Time In Minutes Only).
AFIS : ………. ( Aircraft Call Sign ).
PILOT : ………. (Aircraft Call Sign ) SWITCHING TO….. (Frequency)
AFIS : ………. ( Aircraft Call Sign ).

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12. Aerodrome / Approach Control Service

12.1 General

12.1.1 Aerodrome control service is provided by Aerodrome control Tower (TWR) for
aircraft operating on manoeuvring area and Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ) in
VMC.

12.1.2 Approach control service is provided by Approach Control Office (APP) or

Aerodrome Control Tower (TWR) for aircraft operating within Control Zone (CTR).

12.1.3 In IMC control of traffic on runway in use and in the air is shared between
Aerodrome Control and Approach Control ; normally, departing aircraft is the
responsibility of Approach Control when airborne, Whilst arriving aircraft comes
under aerodrome control when properly sequenced for approach to land or the pilot
has reported visual contact. Control of traffic on other parts of the manoeuvring
area, with the exemption of the marshalling area, is the responsibility of aerodrome
control.

12.2 Procedures

12.2.1 Holding, instrument approach , arrival and departure procedures are specified in
Part AD.

12.2.2 Radio communication shall be established with the appropriate aerodrome /

approach control unit :
a. Before starting engine, prior to taxing for departure .
b. When intending to operate in ATZ,CTR or TMA.

12.2.3 For IFR or VFR operation in a CTR, aircraft shall be equipped with appropriate two-
way VHF radio apparatus, plus radio compass. Exemption may be granted by the
appropriate Controlling Authority.

12.2.4 Aircraft shall call aerodrome / approach control on VHF approximately 15 minutes
before ETA at the Aerodrome Traffic Zone boundary, control Zone boundary or
Terminal Control Area boundary.

12.2.5 A pilot in command under IFR or VFR about to enter, cross or operate within a
ATZ, CTR or TMA shall:
a. Notify aerodrome / approach control on the appropriate radio frequency of the
aircraft position level and track.
b. Estimated time of crossing the ATZ, CTR or TMA boundary.
c. Maintain a continuous listening watch on that frequency while the aircraft is
within the ATZ, CTR or TMA.
d. Navigate in accordance with the flight plan and ATC clearance.
e. Carry out any instructions received from aerodrome / approach control.

12.2.6 All flight within CTR by night or in IMC shall be conducted in Accordance with IFR
or special authorization by ATC. However during daylight hours, in order to

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expedite traffic. ATC may clear an aircraft for a visual approach if weather
conditions permit.

12.2.7 Flight within a CTR may be specially authorized by ATC when weather conditions
fall below the minima for VFR flights. This flight is regarded as special VFR flight.
The pilot of an aircraft on a special VFR Flight :
a. Must comply with ATC instructions.
b. Must fly clear of cloud, and determine his flight path with reference to the
surface and keep clear of obstructions.

12.2.8 Separation shall be effected between all special VFR flight and between such
flights and IFR flights.

Note : A special VFR clearance shall be issued only when specifically requested
by a pilot.

12.3 Separation Standards

12.3.1 All flight, VFR or IFR, within CTR’s Will be regulated in accordance with IFR
separation standards.

12.3.2 Longitudinal Separation is 15 minutes.

12.4 Visual Circuit Reporting Procedures

The pilot in command shall report in accordance with the following diagram :

WIND DIRECTION
DOWNWIND L
(a)
ABEAM UP WIND
(b) END OF RWY

LONG FINAL
FINAL
(d) (c)
RUNWAY
BEYOND 4 NM UP TO 4 NM

a. Down wind : Aircraft shall report “Down Wind” abeam the up wind end of the
runway.
b. Base Lag : Aircraft shall report “Base Leg” on completion of the turn on to
base lag.
c. Final : Aircraft shall report “ Final” after completion of the turn on to final
approach not more than 4 NM from the approach end of the runway .

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d. Long Final : Aircraft flying straight in approach shall report “Long Final” 8NM
From the approach end of the runway and “Final “ when 4 NM.

Note : At grass aerodrome, the area to be used for landing is regarded as the
runway for the purpose of reporting position in the circuit.

12.5 Use of Runway

12.5.1 The Aerodrome / Approach Controller will nominate the runway direction according
to prevailing circumstances.

12.5.2 Notwithstanding the runway direction nominated by ATC, the pilot-in-command

shall ensure that there is sufficient length of run and that the crosswind of down
wind component is within the operational limits of each particular operation if the
nominated runway direction is not suitable for these reasons or for any other safety
reasons, he may request for an alternative runway direction. ATC will grant the use
of an alternative runway direction but the flight may be subject to some delay other
traffic.

12.5.3 The decision to undertake a take-off or landing rests solely upon the pilot-in-
command.

12.6 Closure of Aerodromes

12.6.1 During the adverse weather conditions, take-off and landing may be made if the
pilot-in-command report visual contact and obtain clearance to land from ATC.

12.6.2 Aerodrome will be closed :

a. When the surface of the landing area is unfit; or
b. At such other times and in conditions specified by NOTAM.

12.6.3 In emergency aircraft will be permitted to land regardless of the conditions of the
aerodrome facilities, but the pilot will be advised of these conditions.

12.6.4 Special arrangement will be applied before, during and after the closure of an
aerodrome due to VIP movement of Major Air Exercise in order to prevent
unnecessary air traffic congestion.

12.7 Air traffic clearances

12.7.1 All flight within a TMA, CTR or ATZ irrespective of weather conditions require air
traffic clearance.

12.8 Start up procedures

12.8.1 The pilot-in-command of and aircraft shall listen in on the appropriate aerodrome or
surface movement control frequency as early as possible prior to starting engines
in anticipation of an instruction of a message that may come from ATC.

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When ready to start, ATC must be immediately advised so that there would be
sufficient time for the issue of air traffic clearance to the aircraft.

12.8.2 For aircraft operating at main aerodrome where aerodrome control services and or
surface movement control services are provided the prescribed procedures below
shall apply .

12.8.3 Procedures for Turbine Engine Aircraft.

12.8.3.1 Pilot are advised to listen to the Aerodrome Control Tower or Surface Movement
Control ( Ground Control ) frequency as early as possible prior to starting engines.

12.8.3.2 When ready to start engines the pilot in command shall call the Aerodrome Control
Tower or surface Movement Control and request for start up clearance, such
request shall be made only when the aircraft’s doors are closed. However, to as
certain that his flight plan level is available the pilot is advised to call 5 minutes
before stat up.

12.8.3.3 A start up clearance will be issued immediately if there is no delay, but when a
delay is expected, ATC will advise to the pilot of the earliest time for departure. The
pilot shall then arrange his start up accordingly.

12.8.3.4 If the parking stand number is available, the pilot in command shall transmit his
stand number when requesting a clearance to start up or push back

12.8.3.5 ATC may impose a clearance expire time due to possible conflicting aircraft
movements. If the aircraft is unable to commence push back within the specified
time, the clearance obtained will be invalid unless extended by ATC.

13. Radio Failure

13.1 General
In the event of failure of any part of his radio navigation or communications
apparatus in controlled airspaces the pilot in command shall notify ATC.

13.2 Procedures For Air Ground Communication Failure

13.2.1 If total radio communication failure occurs in VMC during day light hours, the pilot
shall maintain VFR and land at the most suitable aerodrome.

13.2.2 If total radio communication failure occurs in IMC, ATS unit action, will be based on
the assumption that the aircraft will continue to its destination and if unable to land,
will proceed to its nominated alternate. Separation standards will be increased and
airspace reserved accordingly.

13.2.3 In IMC, or if unable to maintain VFR, the pilot shall:

a). Proceed according to the current flight plan, at the last assigned flight level.
b). Arrive at he destination as close as possible to the ETA.

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c) Commence descent as close as possible to the EAT (or ETA if no EAT has
been acknowledged )
d) Complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified the
designated navigational aid.
e) Land if possible within 30 minutes after the ETA of the EAT last
Acknowledged, whichever is the later.

Note : During this 30 minutes period ATS unit will reserve the airspace at the
aircraft’s flight level and below. At the expiry of this period, with the
concurrence of other users, normal operation will resume.

13.2.4 Partial Radio Failure

a. Aircraft Unable to Receive.
Pilot shall adopt the complete RTF procedures specified in part2.
b. Aircraft Able to Receive
Following verification that aircraft is able to receive ground transmissions.
ATC will continue to issue instructions and/or clearance to pilots.
Such instructions and clearances will be repeated.

14. Light aircraft operations.

14.1 General

14.1.1 Light aircraft operations will normally be conducted under VFR except when the
operations are within controlled aerodromes or any Controlled Airspace such flight
will be regarded as controlled VFR. Request for operation under IFR may be
approved if the aircraft is suitably equipped and the pilot appropriately rated. IFR
flight will be regulated in accordance with procedural system .

14.1.2 Except when certain arrangement can be obtained flight notification shall be given
by filling a flight plan prior to departure. Flight notification by means of RTF should
be avoided.

14.1.3 Light aircraft engaged on airways or in any controlled airspace shall be equipped
with at least a radio compass, in addition to radio communication apparatus.

14.1.4 For circuits and landings or local flight in the vicinity of an aerodrome the following
information should be submitted.
a. Aircraft Identification.
b. Name of Pilot In Command.
c. Number of Persons on Board.
d. E.T.D.
e. Flight Duration.
f. Total Endurance.
g. Area of Flight.

14.1.5 Aircraft not in radio contact will be given light signals on “down wind” and “Final”
position as shown in appendix ”A”.

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APPENDIX “A”
Light Signal

FROM AERODROME CONTROL TO

LIGHT AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND

Steady Green CLEARED TO LAND CLEARANCE FOR TAKE OFF

Towards Aircraft Concerned

Steady Red GIVE WAY TO OTHER STOP

AIRCRAFT AND CONTINUE
Directed

Series of Green RETURN OF LANDING* CLEARANCE TO TAXI

Flashes

Series of Red AERODROME UNSAFE, DO NOT TAXI CLEAR FOR LANDING

Flashes LAND AREA IN USE

Series of White LAND AT THIS AERODROME RETURN TO STARTING POINT

Flashes AND PROCEE TO APRON* ON THE AERODROME

* Clearance to land and taxi will be given in due course.

15. Helicopter Operations

15.1 Introduction

15.1.1 The following procedures are laid down for guidance to helicopter pilots and Air
Traffic Controllers concerning helicopter operation at and in the vicinity of an
aerodrome.

15.1.2 Aerodrome Control Service, Flight Information Service and Alerting Service will be
provided to helicopters operating within aerodrome traffic zone by Aerodrome
Control Tower.

15.1.3 Operation outside the aerodrome traffic zone will only be provided with Flight
Information Service and Alerting Service wherever practicable.

Note :
-The service in part 1.2 are only applicable to helicopters operating in Visual
Meteorological Condition (VMC)
- it is recommended that no helicopters are in operation while Instrument
Meteorological Condition (IMC) prevail.

15.1.4 Helicopter operating at and in the vicinity of an aerodrome shall be equipped with a
functioning two way VHF Radio Communication on the appropriate frequency. This
frequency shall be used for Air Traffic Services and air ground communications.

15.2 Approach And Departure Procedures

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15.2.1 General
Approach and take off direction to and from the landing area shall be parallel to the
existing runways.
Take off and land shall only be made from/at the landing area identified by white
cross or at certain area, or as instructed.

15.2.1 Arriving Procedures.

Arriving helicopter pilots shall report position, point of departure and estimated
time of arrival on initial contact with the aerodrome control tower. Landing
instructions and traffic information will be issued as required.

15.3 Take Off direction will be issued as appropriate.

15.3.1 Local flights and exercises.

Before any local flight or any exercise, prior permission shall be obtained. Flight
notification of flight plan shall be filled at the Briefing Office.
Helicopter on local flight shall be equipped with functioning two way VHF Radio
Communication on the appropriate frequency.
Hovering exercise and other unusual exercise shall not be executed except by prior
permission from the aerodrome control tower and the site for exercise will then be
appropriated. Exercise using runway shall as much as possible be avoided.

15.4 Parking And Taxiing.

Helicopter shall be parked at Helicopter Parking Area unless otherwise instructed
by the aerodrome control tower or apron controller. Movement from parking site to
landing or take off area or vice-versa shall be conducted either by ground or air
taxiing.

15.5 Communication failure Procedures

15.5.1 Arriving Helicopter.

Arriving helicopter experiencing radio communication failure shall observe other
traffic, over fly above the tower and approach the landing area from the most
favorable direction observe the tower for instructions by lamp signal.
After landing, report shall be made to ATS unit and this report shall include aircraft
call sign, point of departure, landing time and name of pilot in command.

15.5.2 Departing Helicopters.

Helicopter with communication failure shall not depart unless prior permission in
obtained from ATC authority.

15.5.3 Large Helicopter Operations

Large helicopter are exempted from these procedures and will be regarded as
conventional fixed wing aircraft.

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