Senior High School

PHILIPPINE POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
Module 10
The Philippine Election
Philippine Politics and Governance
Self-Instructional Learning Material (SILM)
Module 10: The Philippine Election
First Edition, 2020

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PHILIPPINE POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
Module 10
The Philippine Election
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance Self-Instructional Learning

Material on The Philippine Election.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

Hello, dear teacher of learning! You are lucky to have this learning
material intended to easily deliver the lessons for our learners and
enhance their knowledge on The Philippine Election. Please help them
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Please advise our learners to read, understand, analyze, and

answer all the activities and questions seriously as this material is
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the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance Self-Instructional Learning

Material (SILM) Module on The Philippine Election.
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correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
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What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

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sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
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What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
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Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module will help you understand the Philippine election. Moreover, this will
also help you master the different topic on the components of suffrage and the
nature of Philippine election and political parties in the Philippines.

Most Essential Learning Competency: Analyze the nature of elections and

political parties in the Philippines (HUMSS_PG12-IIc-d-9).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Explain the components of suffrage;
 discuss the nature of the Philippine election and political parties in the
Philippines;
 enumerate the available positions in the Philippine Elections; and
 Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the
Philippines.

What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given options. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How many years do the president will served to the country during their
term?
A. 6 years
B. 7 years
C. 8 years
D. 9 years

2. How many senators are elected during election?

A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13

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3. How many consecutive terms the Barangay Captain is allowed?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

4. At what age does the Filipino citizen can participate during election time?
A. 17
B. 18
C. 19
D. 20

5. What do you call to a popular vote regarding soundness of a law proposed?

A. Election
B. Plebiscite
C. Recall
D. Referendum

6. What do you call to the popular vote conducted to get electorate’s view on
permanent changes to state’s political structure?
A. Election
B. Plebiscite
C. Recall
D. referendum

7. What is the highest position in the House of the Senate?

A. Senate President
B. Senate Secretary
C. Speaker of the House
D. Presidential Spoke Person

8. In the case the president will die during his/her term, who will take care of
the office?
A. Vice President
B. House Speaker
C. Senate President
D. Presidential Spoke Person

9. Who is in-charge in the overall election including voting and canvassing?

A. Congress
B. COMELEC
C. NAMFREL
D. Judicial Branch

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10.Which of the following is NOT allowed to vote during election?
A. 17years old
B. 18 years old
C. Mute and Deaf
D. Person with disability

11.Which of the following is NOT the function of Political Parties?

A. Budgeting
B. Interest aggregation
C. Organization of Government
D. Linking people and government

12.Why do we have a special election?

A. For a special position in a government like Cabinet member
B. For additional position which is badly needed by the government.
C. When there is a need to replace a government position due to
resignation.
D. When a vacancy occurs due to death or incapacity of incumbent or
election was postponed due to typhoon or emergency.

13.Which of the following best describes political parties?

A. A group of people work together for the good of government.
B. A group of people coming from ethnic perform the same function
C. An organized group of people of qualified voters pursuing the same
ideology.
D. An organized group of people who are against the current president
with the same goal.

14.Why does the campaign period of President, Vice-President and senators

longer than the other local government position?
A. Since the campaign scope was the whole country.
B. Those are the highest position in the government.
C. Those are the highest paid position in the government.
D. To give chance to the voters to select well of who are the deserving
candidate.

15.Which of the following best describes overseas absentee voter?

A. Those overseas who wish not to vote during election
B. Voters who leave blanks some of the position during election.
C. Those overseas workers who are not allowed by the law to vote due
criminal case.
D. Those overseas workers who will be absent during election which give
chance to vote for the President, Vice-President, Senators and Party
list only.

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 What’s In

Directions: Match the word in Column A to its corresponding term in Column B,

choose the letter of the correct answer from Column B that
corresponds to Column A. Write your answers on your activity
notebook.

Column A Column B

1. 7 A. Roads and bridges

2. Barangay B. Head of Municipality
3. Mayor C. number of Sanggunian members
4. Social Welfare D. Legal Basis
5. Infrastructure E. Basic political unit
F. Child Protection

What’s New

Directions: Arrange the scrambled words below. Write your answers on your
activity notebook.

1. TENSIPDER = The highest position in the Government.

2. ECNOTILE = The process of giving of trust for a certain position
to a person.
3. GIHENETE = Allowed age to participate during election.
4. CELEMOC = Commission on Election
5. TEOV = This is to cast the person you list during election

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 What is It

Election is very vital in the country, this is the time the country will select who will
lead the country. In this topic we will learn how the election is being done in the
Philippines.

Components of Elections

Election: citizenry selects person who will exercise governmental power. It is to

select person to be assigned in different position in the government office, this is
done through voting.

Plebiscite: popular vote conducted to get electorate’s view on permanent changes

to state’s political structure. is the electoral process by which an initiative on the
Constitution is approved or rejected by the people?

Referendum: a popular vote regarding soundness of a law proposed. It is the

power of the electorate to approve or reject a legislation through an election called
for the purpose.

Recall: constitutional measure which empowers citizenry to remove a local official.

A recall election may be called if there is a petition of at least 25% of the registered
voters in that LGU. An amendment to the law where a majority of all members of a
preparatory recall assembly, composed of all elected local officials within a local
government unit (LGU), endorse a recall, was repealed. The recalled official is not
allowed to resign when facing a recall election, but may participate in it; the
candidate with the highest number of votes wins the recall election.

The president, vice president, members of Congress cannot be removed via recall.
The president and vice president can be removed by impeachment, while members
of Congress can be removed via expulsion within their ranks.

Initiative: a given percentage of voters may officially propose a law. to amend or

revise the constitution or propose new laws are allowed if there is a petition of at
least 12% of all registered voters in the country, with at least 3% in every legislative
district. A plebiscite will be called it meets such requirements. A people's initiative
has never made it past the stage verification of signatures.

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 Philippine Electoral System

Together with the Presidential form of government, electoral system has set the
frame for development of Philippine political parties. The current electoral system
established in the 1987 constitution has the following characteristics:

The president and vice-president are elected nationally for six years terms with no
election allowed. The national legislative bicameral, with a lower house of not more
than 250 representatives elected in a single member of district constituencies for
three years terms, plus sectoral representative appointed by the President. The 24-
member senate has senators elected for six years terms nationally half elected
every three years. representatives are limited to three, senators two.

The local government officials (governors, provincial councils, municipal and city
mayors municipal and city councils ) are elected to three terms, with three term
limit. Senators, congressmen and local government officials are elected in midterm
elections, but during presidential election years, everyone is elected at the same
time. During synchronized elections, more than 17,000 positions are filled.
Elections for barangay government, the lowest level of government roughly
corresponding to rural villages and urban neighbors are held separately.

The system has been “first past the post “whoever wins the greatest number of
votes wins. Voting in the Philippines has required writing down the names of
individual candidates. This has created problems especially during synchronized
election when voters have to write down anywhere from 32 to 44 names on the
ballot. Another problem is the long period required during counting and
canvassing.

Elections are supervised by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) a

constitutionally mandated, independent body. Although it is supposed to be an
independent body, the COMELEC is inviably accused of being pro-administration
in nearly every election.

Parties are required to register with the COMELEC with a verified petition with
attachment including a constitution, by-laws, platform, and such other information
as may be required by the COMELEC. They are required to have chapters in
majority of regions, and within each region, a majority province, down to towns and
barangays.

NAMFREL

This refers to the National Movement for Free elections, a private group established
in the 1950s, with advice assistance from the united states, to keep election
honest. It recruited public-spirited citizens to watch out the voting.

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Kinds of Election

General elections = are those held for the purposed of electing national and local
officials simultaneously. This type of election started in the country by virtue of
Republic Act No. 7166, which synchronized elections for national and local officials
excluding those at barangay level.

National Elections = are those conducted to elect the President, Vice-President and
members of congress.

Local Elections = are those held for purpose of selecting officials in the regions,
provinces, cities, and municipalities.

Special Election = are those held on a date different from that regular election.
Special election is held due to any of the following reasons.: when a vacancy occurs
in an elective office due to death or incapacity of the incumbent officials, when the
scheduled regular is deferred due typhoon or other emergency; and when the
regular elections are cancelled due to terrorism, fraud and massive vote buying.

Who may Exercise Suffrage

1. At least 18 years of age

2. Not disqualified by law
3. A resident of a country for at least one year
4. A residing of the place where they intend to vote for at least 6 months,
immediately preceding the election.

Absentee voters

Absentee voters are divided into two types: the local absentee voters and the
overseas absentee voters. Local absentee voters include people who are working
during Election Day. These include soldiers, policemen, government employees and
the like. Overseas absentee voters are Filipinos residing abroad. They are eligible to
vote on national positions only (president, vice president, senators and party-list
representatives). Overseas absentee voters may vote in Philippine embassies and
consulates, and voting begins as early as 4 months prior to the election. The
voting can be as long as 6 months in a very few situations.

Rules Governing Elections in the Country

Election Campaign period

The campaign period for President, Vice-President and senators is 90 days before
the day of election and 45 days before the day of election for the members of the
house of representative and elective province, city, and municipal officials.

Nomination and Selection of Official Candidates

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Even the period for the political conventions for the purpose of forming political
parties and nominating official candidates is fixed by the legislation. Section 6 of
the said legislation states that the conventions for the nomination of official
candidates for president, vice-president and senators shall be held 165 days prior
to the actual election date, and 75 days prior to the date of election for the
members of the house of representatives and elective local officials.

Political Parties

It is political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government,

usually by participating in electoral campaign. Parties often espouse a certain
ideology and visions but may also represent a coalition among disparate interest.

Characteristics of Political Parties

1. Parties exist to attain political leverage in controlling the power of

government by winning elections. Small parties nevertheless may consider
election more to build government platforms of programs than to win
political offices.
2. Parties are politically organized bodies with formal structures, defined
ideologies and supporting membership.
3. Parties often adopt a broad issue agenda, identifying to each of the other
major areas of government policy.
4. Some parties do come and go, particularly in democratic societies where
there is multi-party system.
5. Parties, to varying degrees, are grouped with unity of purpose, shared
political preferences and general ideological principle.

Functions of Political Parties

1. Linking the people and Government

2. Interest aggregation
3. Elite recruitment
4. Goal formulation
5. Political mobilization and socialization
6. Organization of government

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Political Parties in the Philippines Today

Party Name Acronym Founding Chairperson

year
Luis Villafuerte, Sr.
Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino KAMPI 1997
(President)
Laban ng Demokratikong Edgardo Angara
LDP 1988
Pilipino (President)
Lakas Christian Muslim Lakas- Prospero Nograles
1991
Democrats CMD (President)
Eduardo Cojuanco Jr.
National Peoples Coalition NPC 1991
(Chairman)
Philippine Democratic Socialist Norberto B. Gonzales
PDSP 1973
Party (Chairman)
Sonia Roco
Aksyon Demokratiko AD 1997
(Chairperson)
1978/ Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan KBL
2007 (President)
Mar Roxas
Liberal party LP 1946
(President)
1907/ Manuel Villar
Nacionalista Party NP
2004 (President)
Eduardo Cojuanco Jr.
Nationalista People’s Coalition NPC 1991
(President)
Partido ng Demokratikong PDP- Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
1984
Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan LABAN (Chairman)
Joseph Estrada
Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino PMP 1987
(President)
Jejomar Binay
Unified Opposition UNO 2005
(President)

President and Vice President

Each voter is entitled to one vote each for the duration of the election. This happens
every six years presidential election.

Senators

The Senate has 24 members, and 12 members are elected every election; hence,
each voter is entitled to twelve votes for the Senate in every election

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 House of Representatives

Each voter has two votes in the House of Representatives, via parallel vote: 80% of
seats are from single-member districts, and 20% are from the party-list system.
A voter may vote a representative from the congressional district of residence. The
candidate with the highest number of votes in a district wins that district's seat. All
votes are tallied in an at-large basis, and parties with at least 2% of the vote wins
at least one seat in the House. A further two more seats will be granted if there are
still spare seats (the party-list representatives comprise 20% of the House), and if
there are still unfilled seats, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will get one
seat each in descending order until all seats are filled. A party-list organization is
limited to representing marginalized sectors of society such as youth, laborers,
women, and the like.

What’s More

Directions: Match the word Column A to its corresponding meaning in Column B,

select the letter of the correct answer in column B that corresponds to
column A. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

Column A Column B

1. 24 a. Percentage of district representatives

2. 12 b. Commission on Election
3. Referendum c. Number of Barangay Councilors
4. COMELEC d. the highest position on municipality
5. 7 e. Number of mayors’ position
6. 1 f. popular vote regarding soundness of a
law proposed
7. Mayor g. Election during mid-year/local election
8. Midterm Election h. District representative
9. Governor i. number of senators to vote every election
10 80% j. Province highest position
k. total number of senators

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer from the box below. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

A. 90 days
B. KAMPI
C. COMELEC
D. National Election
E. Edgardo Angara
F. Joseph Estrada

1. How many days the campaign of president and vice-President will last?
2. What kind of election was conducted where President, Vice-President and
congress were elected?
3. What is the acronym of the Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino?
4. Who is the President of the party list LDP?
5. What do you call to an independent body who will supervise the election?

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers on separate sheet
of paper.

1.Today we have two choices in running our election: the Automated Election using
Machines and the Manual Election. Which of these two is the most reliable and
why?

2.Are you in favor with a dual citizenship candidate?

ACCOMPLISHED BEGINNER
RUBRIC EXPERT (4) CAPABLE (2)
(3) (1)
Quality of Very Somewhat Gives some Gives no new
Writing informative informative and new information
and well organized information and very
organized but poorly poorly
organized organized
Grammar Virtually no Few errors in A number of So many
Usage & spelling, spelling, errors in errors in
Mechanics punctuation, punctuation, or spelling, spelling,
or grammar punctuation punctuation
grammatical or grammar or grammar
errors

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given options. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call to a popular vote regarding soundness of how a law is being
proposed?
A. Election
B. Plebiscite
C. Recall
D. Referendum

2. What do you call to a popular vote conducted to get electorate’s view on

permanent changes to state’s political structure?
A. Election
B. Plebiscite
C. Recall
D. Referendum

3. In the house of the senate, what is the highest position?

A. Senate President
B. Senate Secretary
C. Speaker of the house
D. Presidential Spoke Person

4. During election time, who are the persons in charge?

A. COMELEC
B. Congress
C. NAMFREL
D. People

5. Which of the following is NOT allowed to vote during election?

A. 17years old
B. 18 years old
C. Mute and Deaf
D. Person with disability

6. How many percent of the house of the representative seats is for party list?
A. 20 %
B. 30 %
C. 40%
D. 50%

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7. How many days are the campaign period of the house of representative,
provincial, city and municipal officials?
A. 35 days
B. 45 days
C. 55 days
D. 65 days

8. What is the name of a private group who aims for a free election?
A. COMELEC
B. CANDIDATES
C. NAMFREL
D. Political Parties

9. What do you call to an absentee voter who works abroad?

A. Local Absentee voter
B. External absentee voter
C. Internal absentee voters
D. Overseas absentee voters

10. What do you call to an absentee voter who is working during election?
A. Local Absentee voter
B. External absentee voter
C. Internal absentee voters
D. Overseas absentee voters

11. How many years do the Philippine President will serve the country?
A. 4 years
B. 5 years
C. 6 years
D. 7 years

12.Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a qualified voter?

A. 18 years old
B. Election candidate
C. A registered Filipino Citizen
D. Residing six months in the place.

13.Which of the following best described political parties?

A. A group of people work together for the good of government.
B. A group of people coming from ethnic perform the same function
C. An organized group of people of qualified voters pursuing the
same ideology.
D. An organized group of people who are against the current
president with the same goal.

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14.After the election how are we going to determine the winner of the election?
A. Through tossing of coin
B. The Philippine President will decide
C. He should be appointed by the COMELEC
D. Had gain the highest vote over the candidates

15.Why recall does not applicable to the President?

A. People power must need.
B. It should be voluntary resignation
C. It should undergo another election
D. It should be in the form of impeachment trial

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Answer the question in a separate sheet of paper.

Are you in favor that all of the candidates running for a government position should
be a college graduate?

ACCOMPLISHED BEGINNER
RUBRIC EXPERT (4) CAPABLE (2)
(3) (1)
Quality of Very Somewhat Gives some Gives no new
Writing informative informative and new information
and well organized information and very
organized but poorly poorly
organized organized
Grammar Virtually no Few errors in A number of So many
Usage & spelling, spelling, errors in errors in
Mechanics punctuation punctuation or spelling, spelling,
or grammar punctuation punctuation
grammatical or grammar or grammar
errors

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Answer Key

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References

Villanueva, Prince Aian G. Philippine Politics and Governance. Makati City,

Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems Inc, 2017.

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-Instructional Learning Material (SILM) was developed by the
Schools Division of Cotabato. It aims to provide learners with materials that
could be used in the new normal and is based on the modality preferred by
most parents and learners. It is hoped that through this, the education of
the children in the Province of Cotabato shall continue. This shall likewise
be used by the learners of all public schools in the schools division
beginning SY 2020-2021. Furthermore, the process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendation.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Cotabato

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

DepEd-Cotabato Division, Capitol Compound, Amas, Kidapawan City

Telefax No.: (064) 577-7017

Email Address: lrcotabato@gmail.com

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