[44]

RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS

ANSWERS
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-1 IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-2
1. x = 2 &y =1
2. 9 Refer solutions
3. F,T,T
4. A × A × A = {(1,1,1)(1,1, −1) , (1, −1,1) , ( −1,1,1)( −1, −1,1) ,
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-3
( −1,1, −1) , (1, −1, −1) , ( −1, −1, −1)} 35. Function, Function, Not a Function.
5. A = {a, b} , B = {x, y} 36. f ( 0 ) = −5, f ( 7 ) = 9, f ( −3) = −11
6. To Verify 37. (i) Domain = x ∈ R , Range = ( −∞, 0]
n ( A×B ) (ii) Domain = x ∈ [ −3,3] , range = [ 0,3]
7. Number of subsets of A × B = 2 = 24 = 16 .
38. (i) t ( 0 ) = 32 degree Fahrenheit
P ( A × B)
(ii) t ( 28 ) = 82.4 degree Fahrenheit
{(1,3)} , {(1, 4 )} , {( 2,3)} , {( 2, 4 )} , {(1,3) , (1, 4 )} , {(1,3) , ( 2,3)} , 
  (iii) t ( −10 ) = 14 degree Fahrenheit
{(1,3) , ( 2, 4 )} , {(1, 4 ) , ( 2,3)} , {( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} ,  (iv) C = 100 degree Celsius.
= 
{(1, 4 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} , {(1,3) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} , {(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2, 4 )} ,  39. (i) Range = ( −∞, 2 )
  (ii) Range = [ 2, ∞ )
{(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,3)} , {(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} 
(iii) Range = R
8. A = {x , y, z} , B = {1, 2} 40. To Prove
41. 2.1
9. A = {−1, 0,1} . The remaining elements are
42. Domain of f is x ∈ R − {6, 2} .
( −1, − 1) , ( −1,1) , ( 0, − 1) , ( 0, 0 ) , (1, − 1) , (1, 0 ) , (1,1) . 43. Domain of f is x ∈ [1, ∞ ) , Range of f is [ 0, ∞ )
10. Range of R = {3, 6,9,12}
44. f ( x ) = x − 1 is defined for all x ∈ R . Hence domain
Codomain of R = {1, 2,3,...,14} set of f is x ∈ R .
11. R = {(1, 6 ) , ( 2, 7 ) , ( 3,8 )} , Domain of R = {1, 2,3} Also x − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ f ( x ) ≥ 0 .
Range of R = {6, 7,8} , Codomain of R = The set of Hence range set of f is [ 0, ∞ ) .
natural numbers N 45. [ 0,1) .
12. R = {(1, 4 ) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2,9 ) , ( 3, 4 ) , ( 3, 6 ) , ( 5, 4 ) , ( 5, 6 )} 46. ( f + g )( x ) = 3x − 2, x ∈ R
13. Domain of R = {5, 6, 7} ,Range of R = {3, 4,5} ( f − g )( x ) = − x + 4, x ∈ R
f  x +1 3
14. (i) R in roster form is as given below:  (x) = ,x∈R − 
 
g 2x − 3 2
R = {(1,1) , (1, 2 ) , (1,3) , (1, 4 ) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2, 2 ) , ( 2, 4 ) ,
47. a = 2, b = −1
( 3, 6 ) , ( 4, 4 ) , ( 6, 6 )}
(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2,3, 4, 6}
48. R = {( a, b ) : a, b ∈ N & a = b2}
Hence a and b related to each other if a is square of b.
(iii) Range of R = {1, 2,3, 4, 6} (i) False
(ii) False
15. Domain = {0,1, 2,3, 4,5} , Range = {5, 6, 7,8,9,10} (iii) False
49. f = {(1,5 ) , ( 2,9 ) , ( 3,1) , ( 4,5) , ( 2,11)}
16. R = {( 2,8) , ( 3, 27 ) , ( 5,125 ) , ( 7,343)}
(i) f is a relation from A to B.
17. 64
(ii) f is not a function from A to B.
18. Domain of R = The set of all integers Z
50. Not a function.
Range of R = The set of all integers Z 51. f ( n ) = {3,5,11,13}

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52. x ∈ [3, ∞ ) .  1
92.  −∞, −  ∪ ( 0, ∞ )
53. x ∈ R − {1} .  2
93. ( −7,1]
54. x ∈ R − {−5}
55. x ∈ R − {−2}
94. [ 0,1]
56. x ∈ ( 4, ∞ ) 95. [ 0,1)
96. [ 0,1]
57. x ∈ ( 4, ∞ )
97. [ 0,1]
{
58. x ∈ R − − 2, 2 } 98. [ 0,1)
59. x ∈ R − {2,3}
99. ( −1,1)
1 ± 5 
60. x ∈ R −   100. [1,∞ )
 2 
101. (1, ∞ )
61. x ∈ ( −∞, 2] ∪ [3, ∞ )
102. ( −∞, − 1]
62. x ∈ ( −∞, 2 ) ∪ ( 3, ∞ )
103. ( −∞, −1)
 1− 5   1+ 5 
63. x ∈  −∞, ∪ ,∞ 1 

 2   2 
 104. ( −∞, −1) ∪  , ∞  .
2 
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-4 105. x 2 ∈ [ 0,9]
64. (a)
65. (c) 106. f ( x ) ∈ [ −15,3]
66. (d) 107. f ( x ) ∈ ( 0, ∞ )
67. (c) 108. f ( x ) ∈ ( −∞, 0 )
68. (a)
 1 1
69. (b) 109. f ( x ) ∈  , 
10 2 
70. (d)
 1 −1 
71. (d) 110. f ( x ) ∈  − , 
72. (a)  3 5
1  −1   1 
73. (c) 111. ∈  −∞,  ∪  , ∞ 
74. (b) x  5   10 
75. (b) 1  −1   1 
112. ∈  −∞,  ∪  , ∞ 
76. (a) 2x − 3  7  7 
77. (c)  
1
113. R −   .
78. (d) 2
79. (c)  1 1
80. (a) 114.  ,  .
81. (b) 10 4 
 −21
82. R 115.  −∞, ∪ [ 0, ∞ )
83. [ 0, ∞ )  4 
[ 2, ∞ ) 3 
84. 116. f ( x ) ∈ ( −∞, −1] ∪  , ∞  .
5 
85. [ −1,1]
 5 
86. [ 0, ∞ ) 117. ( −∞, −5] ∪  , ∞  .
7 
87. R − {0}  1 
118.  − ,1
88. R − {1} .  2 
89. R − {1} .  25 
119. y ∈  −∞, 
90. ( 0, ∞ ) .  8
120. [ 2, ∞ )
91. ( −∞, 0 ) .

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 3   π 
121.  , ∞  152. x ∈  − + 2kπ , 2kπ
2   6 
 
122. [ 0, ∞ )  π   3π 
153. x ∈  2kπ, 2kπ +  ∪  + 2kπ, ( 2k + 1) π
 4  4 
 5
123. 0,   3π 5π 
154. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ 
 2   4 6 
π 3π 
155. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-5 3 4 
124. x ∈ ( −∞, −2] ∪ [ 2, ∞ )
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-7
125. x ∈ ( −∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞ )
156. x = −4, −1 − 3
126. x ∈ ( −2, 2 ) 8 5
157. x = 0, ,
127. (d) 5 2
128. (b) 158. x ∈ φ
129. (c)
130. (a) 1 1 1
159. x = −1 + , −1− ,
131. (a) 2 2 2
132. (d) 160. x = −2, − 1,1, 2
133. (b) 161. 4
134. (a)
162. x ∈ [ −3, −2] ∪ [ 2,3]
135. (a)
136. (d) 163. x = [ −1, ∞ ) ∪ {−3}
137. (a) 164. x = [ 0, ∞ ) ∪ {−2} .
138. (c)
139. (c) 165. x = 2 ± log (2 − 2 ) .
2
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-6 166. x = ± log12 (1 + 1 − a ) , if a < 1
π 2π 
140. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  =0 , if a = 1
3 3  = no solution , if a > 1
π 7π  
141. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  .  1 − 5 1 − 5  
4 4  167. ( x, y ) ≡ ( 0,1) , (1, 0 ) ,  , 
  2 2  
142. x ∈ φ
168. (b)
 1 1
143. x ∈ ( 2k + 1) π − sin −1 , ( 2k + 2 ) π + sin −1  169. (a)
 3 3 170. (b)
 −1 −1  171. (d)
144. x ∈  2kπ − cos −1 , 2kπ + cos −1 
 5 5 172. (b)
173. (d)
 π
145. x ∈  kπ + tan −1 2 , kπ +  174. (d)
 2 175. (a, c)
 −π −1  176. (c)
146. x ∈  + kπ, tan −1 + kπ  177. (c)
 2 3 
178. (d)
 3π −π  π 3π 
147. x ∈  − + 2kπ, + 2kπ  ∪  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  179. (c)
 4 6  6 4  180. (d)
π 3π  181. (d)
148. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  182. (b)
 2 4 
183. (a)
π π 
149. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ 184. (d)
6 2  185. (b)
 −π −π  186. (d)
150. x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  187. (c)
 2 6 
188. (a)
 −π π  π π 
151. x ∈  + 2kπ, − + 2kπ ∪  + 2kπ, + 2kπ 189. [ 0,3]
 2 6  6 2 

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190. [ 0,3] 232. (c)

233. (d)
191. [ 0,3]
234. (d)
192. [ 0,3) 235. (c)
193. [ 0,5] 236. (b)
237. (c)
194. [ 0,5] 238. (c)
195. [ 0,5] 239. (d)
240. (b)
196. [ 0,5)
197. [ 0,5)
EXERCISE-9
198. [ 0, 20]  1 1 
315. x∈  − , 
199. f ( x ) ∈ ( −6, 0]  2 2
200. {−1,1} 316. x∈ ( sin1,1]
201. {1} 317. x∈ [ −1, 0 ) ∪ ( 0,1]
202. {1} 318. x ∈ [ 0, tan1]
203. {−1} 319. x ∈ (1, ∞ )
204. {−1}
205. {−1, 0,1}
(
320. x∈ 0, e3/ 2 

206. {0,1} 321. x∈ [sin1,1]

207. [ 0, ∞ )  1 
322. x∈  I + , I + 1 , I ∈ integers.
 2 
208. ( 0,3]
323. x∈ [ −5,5]
209. [ −4, − 2 ) ∪ [ −1,5 ) ∪ [16, 25]
324. x∈ ( −∞, 0]
 2
210.  −∞,  325. x ∈ [ 0,1]
 3
326. x∈ [ tan1, ∞ )
211. [ 0, ∞ )
212. ( −∞, 0] 327. x ∈ [ 0,1] .
328. x ∈ R − I , where I is the set of integers.
329. x∈ ( 0,1)
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-8
213. (d) 330. x ∈ ( −∞, − 1 − e ] ∪ ( −2, − 1) ∪ (1, 2 ) ∪ [1 + e, ∞ )
214. (a)  1 
331. x ∈  ,1 .
215. (c)  2 
216. (b)
332. x ∈ ( 0,1)
217. (a)
218. (c) 333. x∈ [ −3 − tan1, 3 + tan1]
219. (b)
  8 − π    8 − π  
220. (a) 334. x∈  −1, − sin    ∪ sin   ,1
221. (d)   4    4  
222. (c)   π − 3    π − 3  
335. x∈  −1, − cos    ∪ cos   ,1
223. (a)   3    3  
224. (b)
336. x∈ ( −∞, − 5] ∪ [5, ∞ )
225. d)
226. (b)  1 
337. x∈  ,1
227. (d)  2 
228. (d)
338. x∈ ( −∞, −3) ∪ ( −3, − 2] ∪ [ 2,3) ∪ ( 3, ∞ )
229. (b)
230. (a)  1   1 
339. x∈  −1, ∪ ,1
231. (c)  2  2 

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366. (c) 398. (c)
340. x ∈  e3− 2 , e3+ 2  367. (c) 399. (a)
  368. (d) 400. (b)
341. x∈ [ −1, 0 ) 369. (d) 401. (d)
370. (b) 402. (c)
 π  
342. x ∈  cos  + 1 ,sin1 371. (d) 403. (a)
 6   372. (a) 404. (d)
 1  373. (d) 405. (b)
343. x∈ 0,  374. (c) 406. (a)
 2 375. To Prove 407. (a)
 1+ 5  408. (c)
344. x ∈ ln
 2
,∞


376. a ∈ −∞, −2 − 7  ∪  −1 + 2 2, ∞ ( ) 409. (a)
377. (b) 410. (d)
345. (a) 411. (a)
378. (b)
346. (d) 412. (a)
379. (c)
347. (d) 413. (a)
380. (c)
348. (b) 414. (b)
381. (b)
349. (d) 415. (a)
382. (d)
350. (b) 416. 1. (b)
383. (c)
351. (d)
384. (c) 2. (d)
352. (b)
385. (a) 3. (a)
353. (a)
386. (a, b, d) 4. (c)
354. (b)
387. (b, c) 5. (b)
355. (c)
388. (c) 6. (a)
356. (d)
389. (b) 7. (d)
357. (a)
390. (b, c, d) 417. (d)
358. (a)
391. (d)
359. (b)
392. (c)
360. (d)
393. (d)
361. (a)
394. (c)
362. (c)
395. (d)
363. (d)
396. (c)
364. (d)
397. (c)
365. (c)
QUESTIONS ASKED IN IITJEE (1996 TO 2019):
6. (a) 13. (d)
−1 ± 5 −3 ± 5
1. x = or x = 7. (c) 14. (b)
2 2
8. (d) 15. (a)
2. 1
9. (a) 16. (b)
3. y ∈ {−1} ∪ [1, ∞ )
10. (d) 17. (c)
4. 4 11. (b) 18. (a)
5. 10 12. (b) 19. (a, b)
QUESTIONS ASKED IN AIEEE: (2002 TO 2020):
1. (b) 9. (b) 17. (d) 25. (c) 33. (c) 41. 19
2. (a) 10. (b) 18. (b) 26. (a) 34. (a) 42. (a)
3. (b) 11. (c) 19. (c) 27. (c) 35. (c) 43. (b)
4. (a) 12. (b) 20. (c) 28. (d) 36. (b) 44. (d)
5. (b) 13. (d) 21. (d) 29. (d) 37. (d)
6. (d) 14. (a) 22. (d) 30. (d) 38. (a)
7. (d) 15. (a) 23. (b) 31. (d) 39. (c)
8. (b) 16. (a) 24. (d) 32. (a) 40. bonus

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SOLUTION
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-1 8. Since ( x,1) , ( y, 2 ) , ( z,1) are elements of A×B
x 2 5 1 therefore x, y, z are definitely elements of A and 1, 2 are
1.  + 1, y −  =  ,  elements of B.
3 3  3 3
Also given n (A ) = 3 & n (B) = 2 . Hence
x 5 2 1 x 5 2 1
⇒ + 1 = & y − = ⇒ = − 1& y = + A = {x , y, z} , B = {1, 2} .
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
x 2 9. A × A = {( x, y ) : x ∈ A, y ∈ A} .
⇒ = & y =1⇒ x = 2 &y =1
3 3 Since A × A carries ( −1, 0 ) , ( 0,1) as elements, therefore
2. n (A) = 3 −1, 0,1 are definitely elements of A. Also A × A has 9
B = {3, 4,5} ⇒ n ( B ) = 3 elements implies n ( A ) = 3 .
∴ n ( A × B ) = n ( A ) n ( B ) = ( 3)( 3) = 9 ∴ A = {−1, 0,1}
3. (i) False. The correct statement is ∴ A × A = {( −1, − 1) , ( −1, 0 ) , ( −1,1) , ( 0, − 1) , ( 0, 0 ) , ( 0,1) ,
P × Q = {( m, n ) , ( m, m ) , ( n, n ) , ( n, m )}
i. True
(1, − 1) , (1, 0 ) , (1,1)}
ii. True Hence the remaining elements are ( −1, − 1) , ( −1,1) ,
4. A = {−1,1} ( 0, − 1) , ( 0, 0 ) , (1, − 1) , (1, 0 ) , (1,1) .
A × A × A = {(1,1,1)(1,1, −1) , (1, −1,1) , ( −1,1,1)( −1, −1,1) , 10. R = {( x, y ) : 3x − y = 0, x, y ∈ A}
( −1,1, −1) , (1, −1, −1) , ( −1, −1, −1)} ∴ R = {(1,3) , ( 2, 6 ) , ( 3,9 ) , ( 4,12 )}
5. A = {a, b} , B = {x, y} Domain of R = {1, 2,3, 4}
6. (i) B∩C = φ
Range of R = {3, 6,9,12}
A × B = {(1,1) , (1, 2 ) , (1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,1) , ( 2, 2 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )}
Codomain of R = {1, 2,3,...,14}
A × C = {(1,5 ) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2, 6 )} 11. R = {( x, y ) : y = x + 5, x, y ∈ N, x < 4}
Clearly ( A × B ) ∩ ( A × C ) = φ Hence relation R is roster form is:
Also A × ( B ∩ C ) = A × φ = φ R = {(1, 6 ) , ( 2, 7 ) , ( 3,8 )}
∴ A × ( B ∩ C) = ( A × B) ∩ ( A × C) Domain of R = {1, 2,3}
(ii) A × C = {(1,5 ) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2, 6 )} Range of R = {6, 7,8}
B × D = {(1,5 ) , (1, 6 ) , (1, 7 ) , (1,8 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2, 6 ) , ( 2, 7 ) , Codomain of R = The set of natural numbers N.
12. A = {1, 2,3,5} , B = {4, 6,9} .
( 2,8 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 3, 6 ) , ( 3, 7 ) , ( 3,8 ) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 4, 6 ) ,
For difference between x and y to be odd, either x is
( 4,7 ) , ( 4,8 )} even and y is odd or x is odd and y is even. Hence
Clearly all the elements of A × C are also elements of relation R in roster form is as given below:
B × D . Hence A × C is a subset of B × D .
R = {(1, 4 ) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2,9 ) , ( 3, 4 ) , ( 3, 6 ) , ( 5, 4 ) , ( 5, 6 )}
7. A × B = {(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )}
13. The given arrow diagram is
B × A = {( 3,1) , ( 3, 2 ) , ( 4,1) , ( 4, 2 )}

Number of subsets of A × B = 2 (
n A×B )
= 24 = 16 .
P ( A × B)
{(1,3)} , {(1, 4 )} , {( 2,3)} , {( 2, 4 )} , {(1,3) , (1, 4 )} , 
  (i) The above relation in set builder form is:
{(1,3) , ( 2,3)} , {(1,3) , ( 2, 4 )} , {(1, 4 ) , ( 2,3)} , 
  R = {( x, y ) : y = x − 2, x ∈ P, y ∈ Q}
= {( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} , {(1, 4 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} ,  (ii) In roster form:
 
{(1,3) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )} , {(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2, 4 )} ,  R = {( 5,3) , ( 6, 4 ) , ( 7,5)}
 
{(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,3)} , {(1,3) , (1, 4 ) , ( 2,3) , ( 2, 4 )}  Domain of R = {5, 6, 7}
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 [50]
Range of R = {3, 4,5} (iii) Since a is divisible by a therefore (a , a ) ∈ R . Hence
14. (i) R in roster form is as given below: R is reflexive.
R = {(1,1) , (1, 2 ) , (1,3) , (1, 4 ) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2, 2 ) , ( 2, 4 ) , Clearly R is not symmetric since b is divisible by a
does not necessarily mean a is divisible by b. Hence
( 2,6 ) , ( 3,3) , ( 3, 6 ) , ( 4, 4 ) , ( 6, 6 )} (a , b ) ∈ R does not necessarily imply (b, a ) ∈ R.
(ii) Domain of R = {1, 2,3, 4, 6} For example (2,6) ∈ R since 6 is divisible by 2, but
(iii) Range of R = {1, 2,3, 4, 6} (6,2) ∉ R since 2 is not divisible by 6.
15. R = {( x, x + 5 ) : x ∈ {0,1, 2,3, 4,5}} Let (a , b ) ∈ R & (b, c ) ∈ R
⇒ (b is divisible by a) and (c is divisible by b).
∴ R = {( 0,5) , (1, 6 ) , ( 2, 7 ) , ( 3,8 ) , ( 4,9 ) , ( 5,10 )}
⇒ b = I1a and c = I 2 b
Domain = {0,1, 2,3, 4,5} ⇒ c = I 2 (I1a )
Range = {5, 6, 7,8,9,10} ⇒ c = (I1 I 2 )a
16. R = {( x, x ) : x is prime number and x < 10}
3 ⇒ c = (I 3 )a , where (I1 I 2 = I 3 )
⇒ c is divisible by a
∴ R = {( 2,8) , ( 3, 27 ) , ( 5,125 ) , ( 7,343)} ⇒ (a , c ) ∈ R .
17. A = {x, y, z} , B = {1, 2} Hence R is reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric.
∴ n ( A ) = 3, n ( B ) = 2
(iv) Since x − x = 0 , which is an integer therefore
∴ n ( A × B) = 3 × 2 = 6 (x, x ) ∈ R .Hence R is reflexive.
Hence number of relations from A to B is 26 = 64 . Let (x , y ) ∈ R
18. R = {( a, b ) : a, b ∈ Z, a − b is an integer} ⇒ x − y = an integer
Since difference of any two integers is always an ⇒ y − x = an integer
integer, therefore every pair of integers belong to R. ⇒ (y, x ) ∈ R
Hence Domain of R = The set of all integers Z. Hence R is symmetric.
Range of R = The set of all integers Z. Let (x , y ) ∈ R and (y, z ) ∈ R
⇒ (x − y is an integer ) & (y − z is an integer )
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-2 ⇒ x − y = I1 & y − z = I 2
19. (i) Since 3 × 1 − 1 ≠ 0 therefore (1,1) is not an element ⇒ (x − y ) + (y − z ) = I1 + I 2
of R. Hence R is not reflexive. ⇒ x − z = I1 + I 2
Clearly (1,3) ∈ R since 3 × 1 − 3 = 0 . But (3,1) ∉ R ⇒ x − z = an integer
since 3 × 3 − 1 ≠ 0 . Hence R is not symmetric. ⇒ (x , z ) ∈ R .
Hence R is transitive.
Clearly (1,3) ∈ R & (3,9 ) ∈ R since 3 × 1 − 3 = 0
Hence R is reflexive, symmetric & transitive.
& 3 × 3 − 9 = 0 . But (1,9) ∉ R since 3 × 1 − 9 ≠ 0 . R
is not transitive. (v)(a)Since x and x are the same human being, therefore,
Hence R is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor the work place of x and x is always same.
transitive. ∴ (x , x ) ∈ R
Hence R is reflexive.
(ii) R = {(1,6 ), (2,7 ), (3,8),}
Since 1 ≠ 1 + 5 therefore (1,1) ∉ R . Hence R is not Let (x , y ) ∈ R
reflexive. ⇒ x and y work at the same place
Since 6 = 1 + 5 therefore (1,6 ) ∈ R . But (6,1) ∉ R ⇒ y and x work at the same place
since 1 ≠ 6 + 5 . Hence R is not symmetric. ⇒ (y, x ) ∈ R .
Clearly (1,6 ) ∈ R since 6 = 1 + 5 . But we can not Hence R is symmetric.
assume (6,11) ∈ R since 6 > 4 and we are given Let (x , y ) ∈ R & (y, z ) ∈ R.
x < 4 . Hence R is transitive. ⇒ x and y work at the same place & y and z work
Hence R is neither reflexive nor symmetric but at the same place.
transitive. ⇒ x, y, z all work at the same place.
⇒ x and z work at the same place.
C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [51]
⇒ (x , z ) ∈ R. ⇒ (x is father of y) and (y is father of z)
⇒ R is transitive. ⇒ x is grand father of z
So R is an equivalence relation. ⇒ R is not transitive.

(b)Since x and x are the same human being, 20. Since 2 is neither less nor equal to 2 2 therefore
therefore, the locality of x and x is always same. (2,2) ∉ R . Hence R is not reflexive.
∴ (x , x ) ∈ R Since 1 ≤ 2 2 therefore (1,2 ) ∈ R . But (2,1) ∉ R since 2
Hence R is reflexive.
is neither less nor equal to 12 . Hence R is not
Let (x , y ) ∈ R symmetric.
⇒ x and y live in the same locality. Also (3,−2) ∈ R since 3 < (− 2 )2 and (−2,1) ∈ R since
⇒ y and x live in the same locality.
⇒ (y, x ) ∈ R . − 2 < (1)2 . But (3,1) ∉ R since 3 is neither less nor equal
Hence R is symmetric. to 12 . Hence R is not transitive.
Let (x , y ) ∈ R & (y, z ) ∈ R. 21. Since 1 ≠ 1 + 1 therefore (1,1) ∉ R . Hence R is not
⇒ x and y x and y live in the same locality & y and reflexive.
z live in the same locality. Also (1,2 ) ∈ R since 2 = 1 + 1. But (2,1) ∉ R since
⇒ x, y, z all live in the same locality. 1 ≠ 2 + 1 . Hence R is not symmetric.
⇒ x and z live in the same locality. Again (1,2 ) ∈ R since 2 = 1 + 1 and (2,3) ∈ R since
⇒ (x , z ) ∈ R. 3 = 2 + 1 . But (1,3) ∉ R since 3 ≠ 1 + 1 . Hence R is not
⇒ R is transitive. transitive.
So R is an equivalence relation. 22. Since a = a therefore (a , a ) ∈ R . Hence R is reflexive.
Also (1,2 ) ∈ R since 1 < 2 . But (2,1) ∉ R since 2 is
(c)Since x can not 7cm taller than himself or herself
neither less nor equal to 1. Hence R is not symmetric.
therefore (x , x ) ∉ R . Hence R is not reflexive.
Let (a , b ) ∈ R & (b, c ) ∈ R
Also, if x is 7cm taller than y then y can not be 7cm
⇒ a ≤ b&b ≤ c
taller than x. Hence (x , y ) ∈ R does not imply
⇒ a≤b≤c
(y, x ) ∈ R . Hence R is not symmetric. ⇒ a≤c
Again let (x , y ) ∈ R & (y, z ) ∈ R ⇒ (a , c ) ∈ R
⇒ (x is 7cm taller than y) & (y is 7cm taller than z) Hence R is transitive.
⇒ x is 14cm taller than z 1 1 1 1
⇒ (x , z ) ∉ R 23. Since > therefore  ,  ∉ R . Hence R is not
2 23 2 2
Hence R is not transitive.
reflexive. Also (1,2 ) ∈ R since 1 < 2 3 . But (2,1) ∉ R
(d) Since x cannot be wife of himself, therefore,
since 2 is neither less nor equal to 13 . Hence R is not
(x, x ) ∉ R. Hence R is not reflexive. symmetric.
Also if x is wife of y then y is husband of x. Hence Again (26, 3) ∈ R since 26 < 3 3 and (3,2) ∈ R since
(x, y ) ∈ R does not imply (y, x ) ∈ R . Hence R is
not symmetric. 3 < 2 . But (26, 2 ) ∉ R
3 since 26 is neither less nor

Let (x , y ) ∈ R & (y, z ) ∈ R equal to 2 3 . Hence R is not transitive.

⇒ (x is wife of y) and (y is wife of z) which is 24. Since (1,1) ∉ R therefore R is not reflexive. Since
impossible. (1,2) ∈ R ⇒ (2,1) ∈ R therefore R is symmetric. Since
⇒ R is transitive. (1,2) ∈ R & (2,1) ∈ R but (1, 1) ∉ R therefore R is not
transitive.
(e)Since x cannot be father of himself, therefore,
25. (i) (x , x ) ∈ R since the number of pages in book x is
(x, x ) ∉ R. Hence R is not reflexive.
same as number of pages in book x again. Hence R
Also if x is father of y then y is son or daughter of is reflexive.
x. Hence (x , y ) ∈ R does not imply (y, x ) ∈ R . (ii) Let (x , y ) ∈ R .
Hence R is not symmetric. ⇒ x & y have same number of pages
Let (x , y ) ∈ R & (y, z ) ∈ R ⇒ y & x have same number of pages

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 [52]
⇒ (y, x ) ∈ R (ii) Since a = a therefore (a , a ) ∈ R . Hence R is
Hence R is symmetric. reflexive relation.
(iii) Let (x , y ) ∈ R & (y, z ) ∈ R Let (a , b ) ∈ R ⇒ a = b ⇒ b = a ⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R.
⇒ (x & y have same number of pages) and (y & z Hence R is symmetric relation.
have same number of pages) Let (a , b ) ∈ R & (b, c ) ∈ R
⇒ x, y, z have same number of pages. ⇒a = b & b = c
⇒ x, z have same number of pages. ⇒a = b = c ⇒a = c
⇒ (x , z ) ∈ R . ⇒ (a , c ) ∈ R.
Hence R is transitive. Hence R is transitive relation.
From (i), (ii) & (iii) it follows that R is an equivalence
relation. Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
26. (i) Since a − a = 0 , which is an even number therefore therefore R is an equivalence relation. The set of
elements related to 1 is given by {1} .
(a , a ) ∈ R . Hence R is reflexive.
28. Consider set A = {1,2,3,4}
(ii) Let (a , b ) ∈ R
(i) R = {(1,2 ), (2,1), (2,3), (3,2 ), (3, 4), (4,3)}
⇒ a − b is even
R is symmetric since (a , b ) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R .
⇒ b − a is even Since (1, 1) ∉ R therefore R is not reflexive.
⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R Since (1,2 ), (2,1) ∈ R but (1, 1) ∉ R therefore R is
Hence R is symmetric not transitive.
(iii) Let (a , b ) ∈ R & (b, c ) ∈ R Hence R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor
⇒ ( a − b is even ) & ( b − c is even ) transitive.
⇒ (a − b ) = ±2m & (b − c ) = ±2n , where m & n are
(ii) R = {(1,2 ), (2,3), (1,3)}
integers.
Since (1,2 ), (2,3) ∈ R ⇒ (1,3) ∈ R therefore R is
⇒ (a − b ) + (b − c ) = ±2(m ± n )
transitive.
⇒ a − c = ± 2(m ± n )
Since (3, 3) ∉ R therefore R is not reflexive.
⇒ a −c = 2m±n Since (1,2) ∈ R but (2, 1) ∉ R therefore R is not
⇒ a − c is even. symmetric.
⇒ (a , c ) ∈ R Hence R is transitive but neither reflexive nor
Hence R is transitive. symmetric.
From (i), (ii) & (iii) it follows that R is an equivalence (iii) R = {(1,1), (2,2 ), (3,3), (4,4 ), (2,3), (3,2 ), (2,1), (1,2 )}
relation. Since (a , a ) ∈ R ∀ a ∈ A therefore R is reflexive.
27. (i) Since (a − a ) = 0 = 4 × 0 , therefore (a , a ) ∈ R .
R is symmetric since (a , b ) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R .
Hence R is reflexive.
Since (1,2 ), (2,3) ∈ R but (1, 3) ∉ R therefore R is
Let (a , b ) ∈ R
not transitive.
⇒ a − b is a multiple of 4 Hence R is reflexive and symmetric but not
⇒ b − a is a multiple of 4 transitive.
⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R . (iv) R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (1,2 ), (1,3), (3,2 ) }
Hence R is symmetric. Since (a , a ) ∈ R ∀ a ∈ A therefore R is reflexive.
Let (a , b ) ∈ R & (b, c ) ∈ R Since (a , b ), (b, c ) ∈ R ⇒ (a , c ) ∈ R therefore R is
⇒ a − b = 4I1 & b − c = 4I 2 transitive.
⇒ (a − b ) = ±4I1 & (b − c ) = ±4I 2 Since (1,2) ∈ R but (2, 1) ∉ R therefore R is not
⇒ (a − b ) + (b − c ) = ±4(I1 ± I 2 ) symmetric.
Hence R is reflexive and transitive but not
⇒ (a − c ) = ±4(I1 ± I 2 )
symmetric.
⇒ a − c = 4 I1 ± I 2 (v) R = {(2,3), (3,2 ), (2,2 )}
⇒ (a , c ) ∈ R Since (3, 3) ∉ R therefore R is not reflexive.
Since (a , b ) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a ) ∈ R
Hence R is transitive.
therefore R is
Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
symmetric.
therefore R is an equivalence relation.
The list of all elements related to 1 are {1,5,9} .

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 [53]
Since (2,3), (3,2) ∈ R ⇒ (2, 2) ∈ R & (3,2 ), (2,2 ) ∈ R ⇒ (T1 is similar to T2 ) & (T2 is similar to T3 )
⇒ (3,2) ∈ R therefore R is transitive. ⇒ T1 , T2 , T3 are similar to each other
Hence R is symmetric and transitive but not ⇒ T1 is similar to T3 ⇒ (T1 , T3 ) ∈ R
reflexive. Hence R is a transitive relation.
29. (i) Let O be origin. Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive therefore
Since OP = OP therefore (P, P ) ∈ R . Hence R is R is an equivalence relation.
reflexive. From geometry we know that whenever two triangles
Let (P, Q ) ∈ R
are similar the ratio of the length of sides corresponding
to equal angles are equal. Clearly T1 & T2 are not
⇒ OP = OQ
similar, T2 & T3 are not similar. But T1 & T3 are
⇒ OQ = OP
⇒ (Q, P ) ∈ R
3 4 5
similar since = = . Hence (T1 , T3 ) ∈ R &
6 8 10
Hence R is symmetric.
(T3 , T1 ) ∈ R .
Let (P, Q ) ∈ R and (Q, S) ∈ R 31. (i) Since the polygon P1 has same number of sides as
⇒ (OP = OQ ) & (OQ = OS) that of polygon P1 taken again, therefore
⇒ OP = OQ = OS
(P1 , P1 ) ∈ R . Hence R is reflexive.
⇒ OP = OS
Let (P1 , P2 ) ∈ R
⇒ (P, S) ∈ R
Hence R is transitive. ⇒ Polygons P1 , P2 have same number of sides.
Since R is reflexive symmetric & transitive ⇒ Polygons P2 & P1 have same number of sides.
therefore R is an equivalence relation. ⇒ (P2 , P1 ) ∈ R .
(ii) Let P(x 1 , y1 ) be a given point in xy-plane and Hence R is symmetric
Q(x , y ) be an arbitrary point such that (P, Q ) ∈ R. Let (P1 , P2 ) ∈ R & (P2 , P3 ) ∈ R
∴ OP = OQ ⇒ ( P1 & P2 have same numbers of sides) and
( P2 & P3 have same number of sides)
⇒ (x 1 − 0)2 + (y1 − 0)2 = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 ⇒ P1 , P2 , P3 have same number of sides.
⇒ x 12 + y12 = x 2 + y 2 ⇒ P1 & P3 have same number of sides.
2 ⇒ (P1 , P3 ) ∈ R
 
⇒ x 2 + y 2 =  x 12 + y12  Hence R is transitive relation.
  Since R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
2 therefore R is an equivalence relation.
 
⇒ (x − 0 )2 + (y − 0 )2 =  x 12 + y12  (ii) Since two polygons are related to each other if they
 
have equal number of sides therefore, all triangles
Clearly the point Q(x , y ) lies on a circle whose are related to each other, all quadrilateral are related
to each other and so on …, irrespective of length of
center is at origin and radius x 12 + y12 . Also
their sides. Hence the subset of triangles of set A
substituting coordinates of P(x 1 , y1 ) in the above are related to T.
equation of circle we get: 32. The set of all lines related to the y = 2x + 4 is
2 y = 2x + c , where c is a parameter.
(x1 − 0)2 + (y1 − 0)2 =  
x 12 + y12  33. Since (a , a ) ∈ R for all a ∈ {1,2,3,4} therefore R is
 
reflexive. Since (1,2 ) ∈ R and (2,1) ∉ R therefore R is
⇒ x 12 + y12 = x 12 + y12 , which is true. not symmetric.
Hence the circle passes through P. Also (1,3) ∈ R & (3,2 ) ∈ R ⇒ (1,2 ) ∈ R therefore R is
30. Since each triangle T1 is similar to itself therefore transitive. (b)
34. (c)
(T1 , T1 ) ∈ R . Hence R is reflexive.
Let (T1 , T2 ) ∈ R IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-3
⇒ T1 is similar to T2 ⇒ T2 is similar to T1 . 35. (i) R = {( 2,1) , ( 5,1) , ( 8,1) , (11,1) , (14,1) , (17,1)}
⇒ (T2 , T1 ) ∈ R . The arrow diagram of the above relation is as
Hence R is symmetric. shown below:
Let (T1 , T2 ) ∈ R and (T2 , T3 ) ∈ R

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 [54]

(ii) f ( x ) = 9 − x 2
For f ( x ) to be defined:

9 − x2 ≥ 0 ⇒ x2 − 9 ≤ 0
⇒ ( x − 3 )( x + 3) ≤ 0 ⇒ −3 ≤ x ≤ 3
Hence domain = x ∈ [ −3,3]
Since every element of set A has exactly one image
in set B therefore the given relation is a function. Let y = 9 − x 2
Domain = {2,5,8,11,14,17} ⇒ y2 = 9 − x 2 & y ≥ 0
Range = {1} ⇒ x 2 = 9 − y2 & y ≥ 0
(ii) R = {( 2,1) , ( 4, 2 ) , ( 6,3 ) , ( 8, 4 ) , (10, 5 ) , (12, 6 ) , (14, 7 )}
⇒ x = ± 9 − y2 & y ≥ 0
The arrow diagram of the above relation is as
For x to be real:
shown below:
9 − y2 ≥ 0 & y ≥ 0
⇒ y2 − 9 ≤ 0 & y ≥ 0
⇒ ( y − 3)( y + 3) ≤ 0 & y ≥ 0
⇒ 0≤ y≤3
Hence range = [ 0,3]
Since every element of set A has exactly one image
9C
in set B therefore the given relation is a function. 38. t ( C ) = + 32
5
Domain = {2, 4, 6,8,10,12,14}
9×0
Range = {1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7} (i) t ( 0 ) = + 32 = 32 degree Fahrenheit
5
(iii) R = {(1,3) , (1,5 ) , ( 2,5 )} 9 × 28
(ii) t ( 28 ) = + 32 = 82.4 degree Fahrenheit
The arrow diagram of the above relation is as 5
shown below: 9 × −10
(iii) t ( −10 ) = + 32 = 14 degree Fahrenheit
5
(iv) t ( C ) = 212
9C
⇒ 212 = + 32
5
5
Since the element 1 of set A has two images (3 & 5) ⇒ C = ( 212 − 32 ) ×
in set B therefore the given relation is not a 9
function. ⇒ C = 100 degree Celsius.
39. (i) x>0
36. f ( x ) = 2x − 5 ⇒ 0<x<∞
(i) f ( 0 ) = 2 ( 0 ) − 5 = −5 ⇒ 0 > −3x > −∞
(ii) f ( 7 ) = 2 ( 7 ) − 5 = 9 ⇒ 2 > 2 − 3x > −∞
⇒ −∞ < f ( x ) < 2
(iii) f ( −3) = 2 ( −3) − 5 = −11
Hence range = ( −∞, 2 )
37. (i) f (x) = − x (ii) x ∈ R

Clearly f ( x ) is defined for all x. Hence ⇒ 0 ≤ x2 < ∞ ⇒ 2 ≤ x2 + 2 < ∞

Domain = x ∈ R ⇒ 2 ≤ f (x) < ∞
Also 0 ≤ x < ∞ ⇒ −0 ≥ − x > −∞ Hence range = [ 2, ∞ )
⇒ − x ∈ ( −∞, 0] (iii) x ∈ R ⇒ f ( x ) ∈ R , (∵ f ( x ) = x )
⇒ Range = ( −∞, 0] Hence range = R .

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 [55]

40. f ( x ) = x 2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 ⇒ x = y2 + 1 & y ≥ 0
= 3x, 3 ≤ x ≤ 10 ⇒ y∈R & y ≥ 0
Hence f ( 3 ) = 32 = 9 & f ( 3) = 3 × 3 = 9 . Hence x = 3 ⇒ y≥0

has exactly one image. Also for x ∈ [ 0,3 ) ∪ ( 3,10] , f has Hence range of f is [ 0, ∞ )

exactly one image for each x. Hence f ( x ) is a function. 44. f ( x ) = x − 1 is defined for all x ∈ R . Hence domain
set of f is x ∈ R .
Graph of y = f ( x ) is as shown below:
Also x − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ f ( x ) ≥ 0 .
Hence range set of f is [ 0, ∞ ) .
x2
45. f ( x ) = ,x∈R
1 + x2
x2
Let y =
1 + x2
⇒ y + x2 y = x2 ⇒ x2 − x2 y = y
g ( x ) = x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
= 3x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 10 y y
⇒ x2 = ⇒ x=±
1− y 1− y
Hence g ( 2 ) = 22 = 4 and g ( 2 ) = 3 ( 2 ) = 6 .
For x to be real:
Since x = 2 has two images therefore g ( x ) is not a y y
≥0⇒ ≤0
function. Graph of y = g ( x ) is as shown below: 1− y y −1
y ( y − 1)
⇒ ≤0
( y − 1)2
⇒ y ( y − 1) ≤ 0 & y −1 ≠ 0
⇒ 0 ≤ y ≤ 1& y ≠ 1
Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0,1) .

46. f ( x ) = x + 1, g ( x ) = 2x − 3
∴ ( f + g )( x ) = f ( x ) + g ( x )
41. f ( x ) = x 2 = ( x + 1) + ( 2x − 3)
= 3x − 2, x ∈ R
f (1.1) − f (1) (1.1)2 − (1)2 1.21 − 1 0.21
∴ = = = = 2.1 ( f − g )( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x )
1.1 − 1 1.1 − 1 0.1 0.1
2 = ( x + 1) − ( 2x − 3)
x + 2x + 1
42. f ( x ) = = − x + 4, x ∈ R
x 2 − 8x + 12
f  f (x) x +1 3
f ( x ) is not defined when x 2 − 8x + 12 = 0  (x) = = ,x ∈R −  
 
g g ( x ) 2x − 3 2
8 ± 64 − 48 8 ± 4
⇒ x= = = 6, 2
2 2 47. f = {(1,1) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 0, −1) , ( −1, −3)}
Hence domain of f is x ∈ R − {6, 2} .
f ( x ) = ax + b
43. f ( x ) = x − 1
∴ f (1) = 1 ⇒ a + b =1 …(i)
For f ( x ) to be defined:
f ( 2) = 3 ⇒ 2a + b = 3 …(ii)
x − 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 1 ⇒ x ∈ [1, ∞ )
f ( 0 ) = −1 ⇒ 0 + b = −1 …(iii)
Hence domain of f is x ∈ [1, ∞ )
f ( −1) = −3 ⇒ −a + b = −3 …(iv)
Let y = x − 1
From (iii) and (iv): b = −1 , a = 2 . Also values of a and
⇒ y2 = x − 1 & y ≥ 0 b satisfy (i) and (ii). Hence a = 2, b = −1 .
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48. R = {( a, b ) : a, b ∈ N & a = b2} 57. x − 4 > 0 ⇒ x > 4 ⇒ x ∈ ( 4, ∞ )

Hence a and b related to each other if a is square of b. 58. x 2 − 2 ≠ 0 ⇒ x 2 ≠ 2 ⇒ x ≠ ± 2 ⇒ x ∈ R − − 2, 2 { }

(i) ( a, a ) ∈ R ⇒ a = a2 59. x 2 − 5x + 6 ≠ 0 ⇒ x 2 − 3x − 2x + 6 ≠ 0
⇒ x ( x − 3) − 2 ( x − 3 ) ≠ 0 ⇒ ( x − 2 )( x − 3 ) ≠ 0
⇒ a − a 2 = 0 ⇒ a (1 − a ) = 0
⇒ x ≠ 2,3 ⇒ x ∈ R − {2,3}
⇒ a = 0 or 1 ⇒ a = 1 , (∵ a ∈ N )
1± 1+ 4
Hence ( a, a ) ∈ R if a = 1 . 60. x 2 − x − 1 ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠
2
Hence ( a, a ) ∈ R ∀a ∈ N is false. 1± 5 1+ 5 1− 5
⇒ x≠ ⇒ x≠ ,
(ii) ( a, b ) ∈ R ⇒ a = b2 2 2 2
1 ± 5 
But a = b 2 does not imply b = a 2 . ⇒ x∈R − 
 2 
Hence ( a, b ) ∈ R does not imply ( b, a ) ∈ R .
61. x 2 − 5x + 6 ≥ 0 ⇒ x 2 − 3x − 2x + 6 ≥ 0
Hence ( a, b ) ∈ R ⇒ ( b, a ) ∈ R is false.
⇒ ( x − 3 )( x − 2 ) ≥ 0
(iii) ( a, b ) ∈ R ⇒ a = b 2 …(i)

( b, c ) ∈ R ⇒ b = c2 …(ii)
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 2 ] ∪ [3, ∞ )
( )
2
From (i) and (ii): a = b 2 = c 2 = c4
62. x 2 − 5x + 6 > 0
Hence a ≠ c ⇒ ( a, c ) ∉ R .
2
⇒ x 2 − 3x − 2x + 6 > 0
Hence ( a, b ) ∈ R, ( b, c ) ∈ R ⇒ ( a, c ) ∈ R is false. ⇒ ( x − 3 )( x − 2 ) ≥ 0
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 2 ) ∪ ( 3, ∞ )
49. f = {(1,5 ) , ( 2,9 ) , ( 3,1) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 2,11)}
1
(iii) Since f ⊂ A × B therefore f is a relation 63. > 0 ⇒ x2 − x −1 > 0
x2 − x −1
from A to B.
  1 + 5   1− 5 
(iv) Since f ( 2 ) = 9 and f ( 2 ) = 11 therefore the element ⇒  x −    x −    > 0
  
2 has two images. Hence f is not a function   2    2 
from A to B.
50. f = {( ab, a + b ) : a, b ∈ Z}
Hence ab is related to a + b .
Hence 2 × 3 = 6 is related to 2 + 3 = 5  1− 5   1+ 5 
⇒ x ∈  −∞, ∪ ,∞
6 × 1 = 6 is related to 6 + 1 = 7  2   2 
 
−6 × −1 = 6 is related to ( −6 ) + ( −1) = −7 etc.
Clearly the element 6 has more than one images. Hence IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-4
the given relation is not a function.
64. 4 < x 2 ≤ 16 ⇒ −2 > x ≥ −4 or 2 < x ≤ 4
51. f ( n ) = the highest prime factor of n. ⇒ −4 ≤ x < −2 or 2 < x ≤ 4
∴ f ( 9 ) = 3 , f (10 ) = 5 , f (11) = 11 , f (12 ) = 3 , f (13 ) = 13 ⇒ x ∈ [−4, −2) ∪ (2, 4] (a)

Hence range set of f ( n ) = {3,5,11,13} . 65. −4 < x 2 ≤ 16 ⇒ 0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 16

52. x − 3 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [3, ∞ ) . ⇒ 0 ≥ x ≥ −4 or 0 ≤ x ≤ 4

53. x − 1 ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠ 1 ⇒ x ∈ R − {1} . ⇒ −4 ≤ x ≤ 0 or 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 ⇒ x ∈ [ −4, 4] (c)

54. x + 5 ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠ −5 ⇒ x ∈ R − {−5} 66. x ∈ φ (d)
55. x + 2 ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠ −2 ⇒ x ∈ R − {−2} 67. x 2 > 16 ⇒ x 2 − 16 > 0
56. x − 4 > 0 ⇒ x > 4 ⇒ x ∈ ( 4, ∞ ) ⇒ ( x − 4 )( x + 4 ) > 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, −4 ) ∪ ( 4, ∞ ) (c)

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
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68. x 2 ≤ 16 ⇒ x 2 − 16 ≤ 0  1   1 
⇒ x ∈− , 0  ∪  0,  (b)
⇒ ( x − 4 )( x + 4 ) ≤ 0  3   3
1 1
⇒ −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 ⇒ x ∈ [ −4, 4] (a) 76. < −8 ⇒ −∞ < < −8
x3 x3
69. x 2 > 0 ⇒ x ∈ R − {0} (b) −1 −1
4 ⇒ 0 > x3 > ⇒ < x3 < 0
70. 2 ≤ x ≤ 16 8 8

( )
⇒ − 21/ 4 ≥ x ≥ −2 or ( 2 )
1/ 4
≤x≤2 ⇒
−1
2
 1 
< x < 0 ⇒ x ∈ − ,0
 2 
(a)

⇒ x ∈  −2, −21/ 4  ∪  21/ 4 , 2  (d) 77.

1
> −27 ⇒ −27 <
1
<∞
   
x3 x3
71. −8 ≤ x 3 ≤ 5 ⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 51/ 3 ⇒ x ∈  −2, 51/ 3  (d) 1 1 1 1
  ⇒ −3 < < ∞ ⇒ −3 < < 0 or = 0 or 0 < < ∞
x x x x
72. −27 ≤ x 5 ≤ −2 1
⇒ − > x > −∞ or x ∈ φ or ∞ > x > 0
⇒ − ( 27 ) ≤ x ≤ − ( 2)
1/ 5 1/ 5 3
(a)
1
1 ⇒ −∞ < x < − or 0 < x < ∞
73. −3 < ≤2 3
x
 1
1 1 1 ⇒ x ∈  −∞, −  ∪ ( 0, ∞ ) (c)
⇒ −3 < < 0 or = 0 or 0 < ≤ 2  3
x x x
1 1 78. − 2x + 3 ≥ x −1⇒ 2x + 3 ≤ 1 − x
⇒ > x > −∞ or x ∈ φ or ∞ > x ≥ Solution exists only if 1 − x ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≤ 1
−3 2
⇒ 2x + 3 ≤ (1 − x ) & 2x + 3 ≥ 0
2
−1 1
⇒ −∞ < x < or ≤ x < ∞
3 2 3
⇒ x 2 − 4x − 2 ≥ 0 & x ≥ −
 1  1  2
⇒ x ∈  −∞, −  ∪  , ∞  (c)
 3 2 
(
⇒ x ≤ 2 − 6 or x ≥ 2 + 6 & x ≥ − ) 3
2
1 1
74. < 2⇒ 0< <2 3
x2 x2 ⇒ − ≤ x ≤ 2 − 6 or x ≥ 2 + 6
2
1 1 3  3 
⇒ ∞ > x2 > ⇒ < x2 < ∞ ⇒ − ≤ x ≤ 2 − 6 ⇒ x ∈ − , 2 − 6  (d)
2 2 2  2 
1 1 79. Given inequality is defined when x + 1 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ −1
⇒ − > x > −∞ or <x<∞
2 2 (I) Let x −2 < 0 ⇒ −1 ≤ x < 2
−1 1 ∴ x +1 > x − 2
⇒ −∞ < x < or <x<∞ ⇒ A positive quantity > A negative quantity
2 2
⇒ −1 ≤ x < 2
 1   1  (II) Let x −2 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ≥ 2
⇒ x ∈  −∞, − ∪ ,∞ (b)
 2  2  ∴ ( x + 1) > ( x − 2 ) ⇒ x 2 − 5x + 3 < 0
2
1 1
75. >3⇒ 3< <∞ 5 − 13 5 + 13 5 + 13
x2 x2 ⇒ <x< ⇒2≤x<
2 2 2
⇒
1
> x2 > 0 ⇒ 0 < x2 <
1  5 + 13 
From (I) & (II) x∈  −1,  (c)
3 3
 2 
−1 1
⇒ −0 > x > or 0 < x < 1/ 3 1/ 3
3 3 80. ( x + 1) ≤ ( 2x + 3) ,[cubing both sides]
−1 1 ⇒ x + 1 ≤ 2x + 3 ⇒ −2 ≤ x ⇒ x ∈ [−2, ∞) (a)
⇒ < x < 0 or 0 < x <
3 3 81. Clearly sin α < 0 & cos β > 0

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∴ x ∈ [ sin α, cos β] ⇒
1
∈ ( −∞, cos ecα ] ∪ [ sec β, ∞ ) (b) 1 + 4y2
x ⇒ x=
y2
82. x ∈ R ⇒ ( 2x + 1) ∈ R
For x to be real y ≠ 0 . Also f ( x ) being ratio of two
Hence the range set is R.
positive quantities f ( x ) > 0 . Hence range set of f ( x )
83. Since x 2 ≥ 0 for x∈R therefore range of
f ( x ) is [ 0, ∞ ) . is ( 0, ∞ ) .
1
84. x ∈ R ⇒ x 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ x 2 + 2 ≥ 2 91. f ( x ) =
− x−4
Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 2, ∞ ) .
1 1
85. Since −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 therefore range of f ( x ) is [ −1,1] . ⇒ y= ⇒ − x−4 =
− x−4 y
86. x ≥ 3 ⇒ x − 3 ≥ 0 ⇒ x − 3 ≥ 0
1 1 1 + 4y2
Hence range set is [ 0, ∞ ) . ⇒ x−4 = ⇒ x= +4⇒ x =
y2 y2 y2
1
87. f ( x ) = For x to be real y ≠ 0 . Also f ( x ) being ratio of a
x −1
1 1 positive quantity and a negative quantity f ( x ) < 0 .
⇒ y= ⇒ x −1 =
x −1 y Hence range set of f ( x ) is ( −∞, 0 ) .
1+ y
{ }
1 1
⇒ x= +1 = 92. f ( x ) = , x∈R − ± 2 .
y y x2 − 2
For x to be real y ≠ 0 . Hence range set of f ( x ) is 1 1
⇒ y= ⇒ x2 − 2 =
R − {0} . x2 − 2 y
x 1 1 + 2y
88. f ( x ) = ⇒ x2 = + 2 ⇒ x2 =
x +5 y y
x x +5 1 1 + 2y
⇒ y= ⇒ = ⇒ x=±
x +5 x y y
5 1 5 1 For x to be real:
⇒ 1+ = ⇒ = −1
x y x y 1 + 2y
≥ 0& y ≠ 0
5 1− y 5y y
⇒ = ⇒ x=
x y 1− y (1 + 2y ) y
⇒ ≥0& y≠0
For x to be real y ≠ 1 . Hence range set of f ( x ) is y2
R − {1} . ⇒ (1 + 2y ) y ≥ 0 & y ≠ 0
x −1 x −1 1
89. f ( x ) = ⇒ y= ⇒ yx + 2y = x − 1 ⇒ (1 + 2y ) y ≤ − or y > 0
x+2 x+2 2
⇒ x ( y − 1) + ( 2y + 1) = 0  1
Hence range set of f ( x ) is  −∞, −  ∪ ( 0, ∞ ) .
2y + 1  2
⇒ x= 93. f ( x ) = 3 − 2x , x ∈ [1,5 )
1− y
For x to be real y ≠ 1 . Hence range set of f ( x ) is But 1 ≤ x < 5
⇒ −2 ≥ −2x > −10
R − {1} .
⇒ 1 ≥ 3 − 2x > −7 ⇒ −7 < 3 − 2x ≤ 1
90. f ( x ) =
1 Hence range set of f ( x ) is ( −7,1] .
x−4  π
1 1 94. f ( x ) = sin x , x ∈  0, 
⇒ y= ⇒ x−4 =  2
x−4 y
1 1
⇒ x−4 = ⇒ x= +4
2
y y2

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π π π
From graph of sin x it is clear that for 0 ≤ x ≤ , From graph of tan x it is clear that for − <x< ,
2 4 4
sin x ∈ [ 0,1] . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0,1] . tan x ∈ ( −1,1) . Hence range set of f ( x ) is ( −1,1) .
 π  π
95. f ( x ) = sin x , x ∈  0,  100. f ( x ) = sec x, x ∈ 0, 
 2  2

π
From graph of sec x it is clear that for −0 ≤ x < ,
π 2
From graph of sin x it is clear that for 0 ≤ x < , sec x ∈ [1, ∞ ) . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [1,∞ ) .
2
sin x ∈ [ 0,1) . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0,1) .  π
101. f ( x ) = sec x, x ∈  0, 
96. f ( x ) = sin x , x ∈ [ 0, π]  2

π
From graph of sin x it is clear that for 0 ≤ x ≤ π , From graph of sec x it is clear that for −0 ≤ x < ,
2
sin x ∈ [ 0,1] . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0,1] .
sec x ∈ (1, ∞ ) . Hence range set of f ( x ) is (1, ∞ ) .
97. f ( x ) = sin x, x ∈ [ 0, π )
 π
102. f ( x ) = − cos ecx , x ∈  0, 
 2
 π
Graph of y = cos ecx , x ∈  0,  is as shown below:
 2

From graph of sin x it is clear that for 0 ≤ x < π ,

sin x ∈ [ 0,1] . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0,1] .
 π
98. f ( x ) = cos x , x ∈  0,  From graph of f ( x ) = cos ecx it follows that
 2
π
0<x≤
2
⇒ 1 ≤ cos ecx < ∞
⇒ −1 ≥ − cos ecx > −∞
Hence range set of f ( x ) is ( −∞, − 1] .
π  π
From graph of cos x it is clear that for 0 < x ≤ , 103. f ( x ) = 2 − 3cos ecx , x ∈  0,  .
2  2
cos x ∈ [ 0,1) . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0,1) .  π
Graph of y = cos ecx , x ∈  0,  is as shown below:
 π π  2
99. f ( x ) = tan x , x ∈  − , 
 4 4

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
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From graph of f ( x ) = cos ecx it follows that 1
⇒ 0> > −∞
π x
0<x< 1
2 ⇒ ∈ ( −∞,0 ) ⇒ f ( x ) ∈ ( −∞, 0 )
⇒ 1 < cos ecx < ∞ ⇒ −1 > − cos ecx > −∞ x
⇒ −∞ < − cos ecx < −1 109. 2 ≤ x ≤ 10
⇒ −∞ < −3cos ecx < −3 1 1 1
⇒ ≥ ≥
⇒ −∞ < 2 − 3cos ecx < −1 2 x 10
Hence range set of f ( x ) is ( −∞, −1) . 1  1 1
⇒ ∈  ,  ⇒ f (x)∈  , 
 1 1
x 10 2  10 2 
x2 + 1 x2 +1
104. f ( x ) = ⇒ y= ⇒ 2y − yx 2 = x 2 + 1 110. −5 ≤ x ≤ −3
2 − x2 2 − x2 1 1 1
⇒ ≥ ≥
⇒ 2y − yx 2 − x 2 − 1 = 0 ⇒ − x 2 ( y + 1) + ( 2y − 1) = 0 −5 x −3
1  −1 −1   1 −1 
⇒ x2 =
2y − 1
⇒ x=±
2y − 1 ⇒ ∈  ,  ⇒ f ( x ) ∈ − , 
y +1 y +1 x 3 5  3 5
111. −5 ≤ x < 10, x ≠ 0
2y − 1
Hence for x to be real ≥0 ⇒ −5 ≤ x < 0 or 0 < x < 10
y +1
1 1 1 1
( 2y − 1)( y + 1) ⇒ ≥ > −∞ or ∞ > >
⇒ ≥ 0 ⇒ ( 2y − 1)( y + 1) ≥ 0 , y ≠ −1 −5 x x 10
( y + 1)2 1  −1   1 
⇒ ∈  −∞,  ∪  , ∞ 
1  x  5   10 
⇒ y ∈ ( −∞, −1) ∪  , ∞ 
2  112. −2 ≤ x ≤ 5, x ≠
3
1  2
Hence range set of f ( x ) is ( −∞, −1) ∪  , ∞  . ⇒ −4 ≤ 2x ≤ 10 , 2x ≠ 3
2 
105. −2 ≤ x ≤ 3 ⇒ −7 ≤ 2x − 3 ≤ 7, 2x − 3 ≠ 0
⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 or 0 < x ≤ 3 ⇒ −7 ≤ 2x − 3 < 0 or 0 < 2x − 3 ≤ 7

⇒ 4 ≥ x 2 ≥ 0 or 0 < x 2 ≤ 9 1 1 1 1
⇒ ≥ > −∞ or ∞ > ≥
−7 2x − 3 2x − 3 7
⇒ 0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 4 or 0 < x 2 ≤ 9 −
1  1   1 
⇒ ∈  −∞,  ∪  , ∞ 
⇒ x 2 ∈ [ 0,9] 2x − 3  7  7 
106. −2 ≤ x ≤ 3 x +1  5
113. f ( x ) = , x ∈ R − − 
⇒ −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 or 0 < x ≤ 3 2x + 5  2
⇒ 4 ≥ x 2 ≥ 0 or 0 < x 2 ≤ 9 x +1
Let y =
2x + 5
⇒ 0 ≤ x 2 ≤ 4 or 0 < x 2 ≤ 9 ⇒ 2xy + 5y = x + 1
⇒ 0 ≤ x2 ≤ 9 ⇒ ( 2y − 1) x = 1 − 5y
⇒ 0 ≥ −2x 2 ≥ −18 1 − 5y
⇒ x=
⇒ −18 ≤ −2x 2 ≤ 0 2y − 1
⇒ −15 ≤ 3 − 2x 2 ≤ 3 1  1 
For x to be real y ∈ R −   . Hence range = R −   .
⇒ f ( x ) ∈ [ −15,3] 2 2
107. x > 0 114. y =
1
.
⇒ 0<x<∞ 7 + 3sin x
1 −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1
⇒ ∞> >0
x ⇒ −3 ≤ 3sin x ≤ 3
1 ⇒ 4 ≤ 3sin x + 7 ≤ 10
⇒ ∈ ( 0, ∞ ) ⇒ f ( x ) ∈ ( 0, ∞ )
x 1 1 1
⇒ ≥ ≥
108. x < 0 4 3sin x + 7 10
⇒ −∞ < x < 0 1 1
⇒ ≤y≤
10 4
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 1 1 3 
∴ Range =  ,  . ⇒ f ( x ) ∈ ( −∞, −1] ∪  , ∞ 
10 4  5 
x 2 + 2x + 1 3 
115. f ( x ) = Hence range of f ( x ) is f ( x ) ∈ ( −∞, −1] ∪  , ∞  .
x 2 − 8x + 12 5 
5 −3
x 2 + 2x + 1 117. f ( x ) = ,sin x ≠
Let y = 3 + 4 sin x 4
x 2 − 8x + 12 −3
But −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1,sin x ≠
⇒ yx 2 − 8yx + 12y = x 2 + 2x + 1 4
⇒ ( y − 1) x 2 − ( 8y + 2 ) x + (12y − 1) = 0 −3 −3
⇒ −1 ≤ sin x < or < sin x ≤ 1
4 4
If ( y − 1) ≠ 0 , then above equation is a quadratic in x.
⇒ −4 ≤ 4sin x < −3 or − 3 < 4sin x ≤ 4
Hence for x to be real.
⇒ −1 ≤ 3 + 4 sin x < 0 or 0 < 3 + 4 sin x ≤ 7
(8y + 2 ) − 4 ( y − 1)(12y − 1) ≥ 0
2
1 1 1 1
⇒ ≥ > −∞ or ∞ > ≥
( 2
) (
⇒ 64y + 32y + 4 − 4 12y − 13y + 1 ≥ 0 2
) −1 3 + 4 sin x
5 5
3 + 4sin x
5
7
5
⇒ ≥ > −∞ or ∞ > ≥
⇒ 16y 2 + 84y ≥ 0 −1 3 + 4 sin x 3 + 4sin x 7
⇒ ( 4y )( 4y + 21) ≥ 0 ⇒ −5 ≥ f ( x ) > −∞ or ∞ > f ( x ) ≥
5
−21 7
⇒ y≤ or y ≥ 0 5
4 ⇒ −∞ < f ( x ) ≤ −5 or ≤ f ( x ) < ∞
 −21  7
⇒ y ∈  −∞, ∪ [ 0, ∞ )
 4  5 
⇒ f ( x ) ∈ ( −∞, −5] ∪  , ∞ 
 −21 7 
⇒ y ∈  −∞,
4 
∪ [ 0, ∞ ) − {1} , (∵ ( y − 1) ≠ 0 ) 5 
 Hence range of f ( x ) is ( −∞, −5] ∪  , ∞  .
Also let y = 1 . Hence 7 

x 2 + 2x + 1 x 2 + 2x − 1
1= 118. y = ,x∈R
x 2 − 8x + 12 x 2 + 2x + 5

⇒ x − 8x + 12 = x 2 + 2x + 1
2 ⇒ yx 2 + 2yx + 5y = x 2 + 2x − 1
11
⇒ 10x = 11 ⇒ x = ∈ R . ⇒ ( y − 1) x 2 + ( 2y − 2 ) x + ( 5y + 1) = 0
10 (i) Let y − 1 ≠ 0 ⇒ y ≠ 1 .
Hence y = 1 is also acceptable.
For x to be real, D ≥ 0 . Hence
 −21 
Hence range =  −∞, ∪ [ 0, ∞ ) ( 2y − 2 )2 − 4 ( y − 1)( 5y + 1) ≥ 0
 4 
⇒ 4 ( y − 1) − 4 ( y − 1)( 5y + 1) ≥ 0
2
3 1
116. f ( x ) = , cos x ≠ .

For x ∈ R
1 − 4 cos x 4
( ) (
⇒ y 2 − 2y + 1 − 5y 2 − 4y − 1 ≥ 0 )
−1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1
⇒ −4y 2 + 2y + 2 ≥ 0
1 1
⇒ −1 ≤ cos x < or < cos x ≤ 1
4 4 ⇒ 2y 2 − y − 1 ≤ 0
⇒ 4 ≥ −4 cos x > −1 or − 1 > −4 cos x ≥ −4 −1 −1
⇒ ≤ y ≤1⇒ ≤ y <1
⇒ 5 ≥ 1 − 4 cos x > 0 or 0 > 1 − 4 cos x ≥ −3 2 2
⇒ 0 < (1 − 4 cos x ) ≤ 5 or − 3 ≤ (1 − 4 cos x ) < 0
(ii) Let y − 1 = 0 ⇒ y = 1 . Hence
1 1 1 1
⇒ ∞> ≥ or ≥ > −∞ x 2 + 2x − 1
1 − 4 cos x 5 −3 1 − 4 cos x 1=
3 3 3 x 2 + 2x + 5
⇒ ∞> ≥ or − 1 ≥ > −∞
1 − 4 cos x 5 1 − 4 cos x ⇒ x 2 + 2x + 5 = x 2 + 2x − 1
3 ⇒ 5 = −1 , which is impossible
⇒ ≤ f ( x ) < ∞ or − ∞ < f ( x ) ≤ −1
5 Hence y = 1 is rejected.
C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [62]
From (i) and (ii) it follows that the range set is
Let y = x 2 − 5x + 6
 1 
 − 2 ,1 . ⇒ y 2 = x 2 − 5x + 6 , y ≥ 0
 
119. f ( x ) = 3 − x − 2x 2 , x ∈ R (
⇒ x 2 − 5x + 6 − y 2 = 0 , y ≥ 0 )
Let y = 3 − x − 2x 2 For x to be real
⇒ 2x 2 + x + ( y − 3) = 0 ( −5 )2 − 4 (1) ( 6 − y2 ) ≥ 0
For x to be real:
⇒ 25 − 24 + 4y 2 ≥ 0
(1) − 4 ( 2 )( y − 3) ≥ 0
2
⇒ 4y 2 + 1 ≥ 0
⇒ 1 − 8y + 24 ≥ 0 ⇒ −8y ≥ −25
⇒ y∈R
25  25 
⇒ y≤ ⇒ y ∈  −∞,  ⇒ y ∈ [ 0, ∞ ) , (∵ y ≥ 0 )
8  8
Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0, ∞ ) .
120. f ( x ) = x 2 − 2x + 3, x ∈ R
123. f ( x ) = 1 − x − x 2 , x ∈ Df
Let y = x 2 − 2x + 3
⇒ x 2 − 2x + ( 3 − y ) = 0 Let y = 1 − x − x 2
For x to be real ⇒ y2 = 1 − x − x 2 , y ≥ 0
⇒ ( −2 ) − 4 (1)( 3 − y ) ≥ 0
( )
2
⇒ x 2 + x + y2 − 1 = 0 , y ≥ 0
⇒ 4 − 12 + 4y ≥ 0
For x to be real
⇒ 4y − 8 ≥ 0 ⇒ y ≥ 2
⇒ y ∈ [ 2, ∞ )
(1)2 − 4 (1) ( y2 − 1) ≥ 0
Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 2, ∞ ) . ⇒ 1 − 4y 2 + 4 ≥ 0

121. f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1 , x ∈ Df ⇒ 5 − 4y 2 ≥ 0
5
Let y = x 2 + x + 1 ⇒ y2 − ≤0
4
⇒ y2 = x 2 + x + 1 , y ≥ 0  5  5
⇒ y−  y+ ≤0
( )
⇒ x 2 + x + 1 − y2 = 0 , y ≥ 0



2  2 
5 5
For x to be real: ⇒ − ≤y≤
(1 − y2 ) ≥ 0
2 2
(1)2 − 4 (1) 5
⇒ 0≤ y≤ , (∵ y ≥ 0 )
⇒ 1 − 4 + 4y 2 ≥ 0 2
 5
⇒ 4y 2 − 3 ≥ 0 Hence range set of f ( x ) is 0, .
 2 
 3  3
⇒y−  y+ ≥0 IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-5
 
2  2 

1 1
3 3 x x
⇒ y≤− or y ≥ 124. 3 ( 81) − 10 ( 9 ) +3≤ 0
2 2
4 2
⇒ y≥
3
, (∵ y ≥ 0 )  1/ x   1/ x 
2
⇒ 3 3  − 10  3  +3≤ 0
   
 3  2
⇒ y∈ , ∞  1/ x 
 ⇒ 3t 2 − 10t + 3 ≤ 0 , where  3
 2   =t
 
 3 
Hence range set of f ( x ) is  , ∞.  1 1
 ⇒ 3  t −  ( t − 3) ≤ 0 ⇒ ≤ t ≤ 3
 2 
 3 3
122. f ( x ) = x 2 − 5x + 6 , x ∈ Df

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [63]

 1 
2 ⇒ − log 2 ( x + 1) < log 2 ( 2x + 3)
−  x  2 1 1 1 1
⇒ 3 ≤  3  ≤ 31 ⇒ −1 ≤ ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ ≤
1
⇒ < 2x + 3 & x + 1 > 0
  x 2 x 2 x +1
  ⇒ 1 < ( 2x + 3)( x + 1) & x > −1
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, −2] ∪ [ 2, ∞ ) Note that since ( x + 1) > 0 therefore cross multiplication
by ( x + 1) didn’t affect sign of inequality.
( ) ( ) ( )
125. 6 4 x − 13 6 x + 6 9 x ≥ 0
⇒ 2x 2 + 5x + 2 > 0 & x > −1
⇒ 6 ( 2 x ) − 13 ( 2 x .3x ) + 6 ( 3x ) ≥ 0
2  −1   1 
⇒  x < −2 or x >  & x > −1 ⇒ x ∈  − , ∞  (b)
 2   2 
⇒ 6p 2 − 13pq + 6q 2 ≥ 0 , where 2 x = p,3x = q 2 2
129. 102x + x +1 > 10x +3x +5
2
p p  p 3  p 2  ⇒ 2x 2 + x + 1 > x 2 + 3x + 5
⇒ 6   − 13   + 6 ≥ 0 ⇒ 6  −  −  ≥ 0
q q  q 2  q 3  ⇒ x 2 − 2x − 4 > 0
x x
p 2 p 3 2 2 2 3 ⇒ x < 1 − 5 or x > 1 + 5
⇒ ≤ or ≥ ⇒   ≤ or   ≥
q 3 q 2  
3 3  
3 2 ( ) (
x ∈ −∞,1 − 5 ∪ 1 + 5, ∞ ) (c)
x 1 x −1
2 2 2 2 2x +3 x +5
⇒   ≤   or   ≥   130. ( 0.01) > (100 )
3 3 3 3
⇒ (100 ) (
− 2x +3) x +5
⇒ x ≥ 1 or x ≤ −1 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, − 1] ∪ [1, ∞ ) > (100 )
x ⇒ −2x − 3 > x + 5

( )(
5 + 2 6 5 − 2 6  )
( )
x  −8  −8 
5+ 2 6 = y⇒  ⇒ 3x < −8 ⇒ x < ⇒ x ∈  −∞,  (a)
126. Let  =y


(
5−2 6

 ) x x
3  3 
x−
x x 131. x x =x ⇒ x
2 2 = 1 = x0
 25 − 24   1 
⇒ 
 5−2 6  = y ⇒   = y x
   5−2 6  ⇒ x = 1 or x − = 0 , ∵ x y = x z ⇒ x = 1 or y = z 
2  
( )
1 x 1
⇒ =y⇒ 5−2 6 = ⇒ x = 1 or x = 0 , 4

( )
x y
5−2 6 ⇒ x = 1 or 4
(a)

( ) ( )
x x
∴ 5+ 2 6 + 5−2 6 − 10 < 0 132. Since x ≥ 1 therefore log3 x ≥ 0 and 2 x > 0
∴ log3 x + 2x > 0 ∀x ∈ [1, ∞ )
1
⇒ y + − 10 < 0 ⇒ y 2 − 10y + 1 < 0 , (∵ y > 0 ) (d)
y
−1
⇒ 5−2 6 < y < 5+ 2 6 133. log( 2x +3) ( 2x + 3) ≤ log( 2x +3) ( 3x + 2 ) ≤ log( 2x +3) 1
(I) Let 2x + 3 > 1 ⇒ x > −1
( )
x
⇒ 5−2 6 < 5+ 2 6 < 5+ 2 6
( 2x + 3)−1 ≤ ( 3x + 2 ) ≤ 1
x/2
−1 ⇒ 1≤ ( 2x + 3)( 3x + 2 ) ≤ ( 2x + 3) , [∵ 2x + 3 > 1 > 0]
( ) ( ) ( )
1
⇒ 5+ 2 6 < 5+ 2 6 < 5+2 6
x ⇒ 1≤ 6x 2 + 13x + 6 ≤ 2x + 3
⇒ −1 < < 1 ⇒ x ∈ ( −2, 2 )
2 ⇒ 6x 2 + 13x + 6 ≥ 1 & 6x 2 + 13x + 6 ≤ 2x + 3

(
127. log3 x 2 + 5x + 6 < log3 ( 2x + 3) ) ⇒ 6x 2 + 13x + 5 ≥ 0 & 6x 2 + 11x + 3 ≤ 0
 5 −1   3 −1 
⇒  x ≤ − or x ≥  &  − ≤ x ≤ 
⇒ x 2 + 5x + 6 < 2x + 3 and x 2 + 5x + 6 > 0  3 2   2 3 
⇒ x 2 + 3x + 3 < 0 and x 2 + 5x + 6 > 0 1 1
⇒ − ≤x≤−
⇒ x ∈ φ and x 2 + 5x + 6 > 0 ⇒ x ∈ φ (d) 2 3
3
128. log 1 ( x + 1) < log 2 ( 2x + 3) (II) Let 0 < 2x + 3 < 1 ⇒ − < x < −1
2
2
C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [64]
1 1  2
⇒ ≥ 3x + 2 ≥ 1⇒ 1 ≤ 3x + 2 ≤ ⇒  x <  & ( x > −2 )
2x + 3 2x + 3  9
⇒ 3x + 2 ≥ 1 and 3x + 2 ≤
1 2  2
⇒ −2 < x < ⇒ x ∈  −2,  (a)
2x + 3 9  9 
⇒ x≥
−1
3
and 6x 2 + 13x + 5 ≤ 0 (
136. log 1 x 2 − 5x + 6 < log 1 ( x + 2 ) ) 2

2 2
−1 −5 −1
⇒ x≥ and ≤x≤
⇒ x − 5x + 6 > ( x + 2 ) & ( x + 2 ) > 0
2 2 2
3 3 2
⇒ x∈φ 2  2
⇒ x< & x ≠ −2 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, −2 ) ∪  −2,  (d)
 1 1 9  9
From (I) & (II) x ∈  − , −  (b)
 2 3 137. (a) Let x 2 − 1 > 1 ⇒ x < − 2 or x > 2
134. x(
3loge x −log x e )
> 101/ 3
(
∴ x2 −1 )
log
1/ 2 ( x2 +5x +6) > ( x 2 − 1)log1/ 2
( 2x +1)
⇒ loge x ( 3loge x −log x e ) > loge 101/ 3
1 ⇒ log 1 ( x 2 + 5x + 6 ) > log 1 ( 2x + 1)
⇒ ( 3loge x − log x e )( loge x ) > log e 10
3 2 2
 1 1
⇒  3t −  t > loge 10 , ( where log e x = t )
 t 3
(
⇒ log 1 x 2 + 5x + 6 > 2 log 1 ( 2x + 1) )
2 2
1 1 
( )
1
⇒ 3t 2 > 1 + log e 10 ⇒ t 2 >  1 + log e 10  ⇒ x + 5x + 6 < ( 2x + 1) & x 2 + 5x + 6 > 0
2 2
3 3 3 
1 1  1 1  & 2x + 1 > 0
⇒ t<−  1 + log e 10  or t > 1 + log e 10  2 2
3 3  3 3  ⇒ 3x − x − 5 > 0 & x + 5x + 6 > 0 & 2x + 1 > 0
1 1   1 − 61 1 + 61 
⇒ log e x < −  1 + log e 10  ⇒  x < or x > 
3 3   6 6 
1 1   −1 
or log e x > & ( x < −3 or x > −2 ) &  x > 
 1 + log e 10   2 
3 3 
1 1 
 1 − 61 1 + 61   −1 
−  1+ log e 10  ⇒  x < or x >  &  x > 2 
3 3   6 6 
⇒ loge x < log e e
1 1 
1 + 61
⇒ x>
 1+ log e 10  6
3 3 
or loge x > log e e
(b) Let 0 < x 2 − 1 < 1 ⇒ − 2 < x < −1 or 1 < x < 2
1 1  1 1 
x 2 +5x + 6 )
) 1/ 2 (
−  1+ loge 10  1+ loge 10 
( 2x +1)
( > ( x 2 − 1) 1/
3 3  3 3  log log
⇒ 0<x<e or x > e ∴ x2 −1 2
 1 1    1 1  
⇒ log 1 ( x 2 + 5x + 6 ) < log 1 ( 2x + 1)
 − 3 1+ 3 loge 10    3 1+ 3 loge 10  
⇒ x ∈  0, e    ∪e   , ∞  (a)
   
    2 2
   
135. log
1 ( x 2 − 5x + 6) < log 1 1/ 2 ( x + 2) (
⇒ log 1 x 2 + 5x + 6 < 2 log 1 ( 2x + 1) )
2 2
 
( )
2 2
⇒ x + 5x + 6 > ( 2x + 1) & 2x + 1 > 0
2 2

( )
⇒ log 1 x 2 − 5x + 6 < 2 log 1 ( x + 2 )
⇒ 3x 2 − x − 5 < 0 & 2x + 1 > 0
2 2

( )
⇒ log 1 x 2 − 5x + 6 < log 1 ( x + 2 )
2
⇒
1 − 61
6
<x<
1 + 61
6
&x > −
1
2
2 2
−1 1 + 61
⇒ x − 5x + 6 > ( x + 2 ) & ( x + 2 ) > 0
2 2 ⇒ <x<
2 6
From (a) and (b)
C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [65]
 −1 1 + 61   1 + 61  π π  π  π
x ∈  , ∪ , ∞  (a) ⇒ sin < sin x ≤ sin or sin  π −  < sin x ≤ sin  π − 
 2 6   6 
3 2  3  2
π π π 2π
138. (I) When 0 < x 2 + 5x + 6 < 1 ⇒ <x≤ or ≤ x <
3 2 2 3
⇒ x 2 + 5x + 6 > 0 and x 2 + 5x + 6 < 1 π 2π π 2π 
⇒ <x< ⇒ x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ 
⇒ ( x < −3 or x > −2 ) & x 2 + 5x + 5 < 0 3 3  3 3 
 −5 − 5 −5 + 5  141. cos x ≤
1
⇒ −1 ≤ cos x ≤
1
⇒ ( x < −3 or x > −2 ) &  <x< 
 2 2  2 2
π  π
 −5 − 5   −5 + 5  ⇒ cos π ≤ cos x ≤ cos or cos ( −π ) ≤ cos x ≤ cos  − 
⇒ x ∈ , −3  ∪  −2,  4  4
 2   2
    π π
⇒ ≤ x ≤ π or − π ≤ x ≤ −
( x 2 + 5x + 6) )
5x +3 2 −3x
(
> x 2 + 5x + 6 4
π
4
π
−1 ⇒ ≤ x ≤ π or − π + 2π ≤ x ≤ − + 2π
⇒ 5x + 3 < 2 − 3x ⇒ x < 4 4
8 π 7π
⇒ ≤ x ≤ π or π ≤ x ≤
 −5 − 5   −5 + 5  4 4
⇒ x ∈ , −3  ∪  −2, 
 2   2 π 7π π 7π 
    ⇒ ≤x≤ ⇒ x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  .
(II) When x 2 + 5x + 6 > 1
4 4  4 4 
142. sin x ≤ −2 ⇒ x ∈ φ , (∵ −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1)
−5 − 5 −5 + 5
⇒ x< or x > 1 1
2 2 143. sin x ≤ ⇒ −1 ≤ sin x ≤

( x 2 + 5x + 6) )
5x +3 2 −3x 3 3
(
> x 2 + 5x + 6  π  
⇒ sin  −  ≤ sin x ≤ sin  sin −1 
1
−1  1   2  3
⇒ 5x + 3 > 2 − 3x ⇒ x > ⇒ x ∈ − ,∞ or
8  8 
 π  1
From (I) and (II) sin  π +  ≤ sin x ≤ sin  π − sin −1 
 −5 − 5   −5 + 5   2  3
x ∈ ( −1/ 8, ∞ ) ∪  , −3  ∪  −2,  (c) π 3π
 2   2 1
⇒ − ≤ x ≤ sin −1 or π − sin −1 ≤ x ≤
1
   
2 3 3 2
139. log 1 x 2 ≥ log 1 ( x + 2 ) ⇒ x 2 ≤ x + 2 & x 2 > 0 −π 1 1 3π
⇒ + 2π ≤ x ≤ sin −1 + 2π or π − sin −1 ≤ x ≤
2 2 2 3 3 2
⇒ ( x − 2 )( x + 1) ≤ 0 & x ≠ 0 ⇒ −1 ≤ x ≤ 2 & x ≠ 0 . 3π 1 1 3π
⇒ ≤ x ≤ 2π + sin −1 or π − sin −1 ≤ x ≤
( )
2 2 2 3 3 2
49x 2 − 4a 4 ≤ 0 ⇒ ( 7x ) − 2a 2 ≤0
1 1
⇒ π − sin −1 ≤ x ≤ 2π + sin −1
( )( 7x − 2a 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ −2a72a 2 2 3 3
⇒ 7x + 2a 2 . ≤x≤
 1 1
7 ⇒ x ∈ ( 2k + 1) π − sin −1 , ( 2k + 2 ) π + sin −1 
Now, every solution of the first inequality will be a  3 3
solution of the second if the solution set of first is a −1 −1
subset of solution set of second inequality. Hence 144. cos x ≥ ⇒ ≤ cos x ≤ 1
5 5
−2a 2 2a 2 7 −1 
≤ −1 and 2 ≤ ⇒ a2 ≥ & a2 ≥ 7 
⇒ cos  cos −1  ≤ cos x ≤ cos 0
7 7 2  5 
⇒ a 2 ≥ 7 ⇒ a ≥ 7 or a ≤ − 7 or
 −1 
cos  − cos −1  ≤ cos x ≤ cos ( −0 )
(
⇒ a ∈ −∞, − 7  ∪  7, ∞ ) (c)
 5 
− 1 −1
⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ cos −1 or − cos −1 ≤x≤0
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE-6 5 5
−1 −1
140. sin x >
3
⇒
3
< sin x ≤ 1 ⇒ − cos −1 ≤ x ≤ cos −1
2 2 5 5

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [66]
 −1 −1  π π 
⇒ x ∈  2kπ − cos −1 , 2kπ + cos −1  ⇒ x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ
 5 5 6 2 
145. tan x ≥ 2 ⇒ 2 ≤ tan x < ∞ −1 3 3
150. < cos x ≤ ⇒ 0 ≤ cos x ≤
( )π 
⇒ tan tan −1 2 ≤ tan x < tan  − 
2 
2 2
(∵x lies in 1st quadrant)
2

π
⇒ tan −1 2 ≤ x < ⇒ cos
π π  π  π
≤ cos x ≤ cos or cos  −  ≤ cos x ≤ cos  − 
2 2 6  2   6
 π
⇒ x ∈  kπ + tan −1 2 , kπ +  1st quadrant 4th quadrant
 2
 −π −π 
1 1 ⇒ x∈ + 2kπ, + 2kπ 
146. tan x < − ⇒ −∞ < tan x < −  2 6 
3 3
 π π  π π
 π   1 151. x ∈  2kπ − , 2kπ +  ≡ x ∈  − ,  ⇒ cos x ≥ 0
⇒ tan  − +  < tan x < tan  tan −1 −   2 2  2 2
 2   3
π −1 1 3 3
⇒ − < x < tan −1 ∴− < cos x ≤ ⇒ 0 ≤ cos x ≤
2 3 2 2 2
π π
 −π −1  ⇒ cos ≤ cos x ≤ cos
+ kπ, tan −1 + kπ 
or
⇒ x ∈ 2 6
 2 3 
 −π   −π 
1 3 cos   ≤ cos x ≤ cos  
147. − < cos x ≤  2   6 
2 2
 −π π  π π 
3π  3π π  −π  ⇒ x∈ + 2kπ, − + 2kπ ∪  + 2kπ, + 2kπ
⇒ cos < cos x ≤ cos or cos  −
 < cos x ≤ cos    2 6  6 2 
4 6  4   6 
1 1
π 3π −3π −π 152. − ≤ sin x ≤
⇒ ≤x< or <x≤ 2 2
6 4 4 6
1
 3π −π  π 3π  ⇒ − ≤ sin x ≤ 0 , (∵x lies in 4th quadrant)
⇒ x ∈  − + 2kπ, + 2kπ  ∪  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  2
 4 6  6 4   π
⇒ sin  −  ≤ sin x ≤ sin 0 or
−1 3  6
148. < cos x ≤
2 2 4th quadrant
−1  π
⇒ < cos x ≤ 0 , (∵ x lies in 2nd quadrant) sin  π +  ≤ sin x ≤ sin ( π − 0 )
2  6
3π π 3rd quadrant
⇒ cos < cos x ≤ cos or
4 2 π 7π
 3π   −π  ⇒− ≤ x ≤ 0 or π ≤ x ≤
cos  −  < cos x ≤ cos   6 6
 4   2  4th quadrant 3rd quadrant
π 3π −3π π  π 
⇒ ≤x< or <x≤− ⇒ x ∈  − + 2kπ , 2kπ
2 4 4 2
 6 
2nd quadrant 3rd quadrant
1 1
π 3π  153. − ≤ sin x ≤
⇒ x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ  2 2
2 4  1
−1 3 ⇒ 0 ≤ sin x ≤ , (∵x lies in 1st or 2nd quadrant)
149. < cos x ≤ 2
2 2 π
⇒ sin 0 ≤ sin x ≤ sin or
3 4
⇒ 0 ≤ cos x ≤ , (∵x lies in 1st quadrant)
2  π
sin ( π − 0 ) ≤ sin x ≤ sin  π − 
π π  π  π  4
⇒ cos ≤ cos x ≤ cos or cos  −  ≤ cos x ≤ cos  − 
2 6  2  6 π 3π
1st quadrant ⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ or ≤x≤π
4th quadrant 4 4
1st quadrant 2nd quadrant

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [67]
 π   3π  −2 ± 4 + 8 −2 ± 2 3
⇒ x ∈  2kπ, 2kπ +  ∪  + 2kπ, ( 2k + 1) π ⇒ x= = = −1 ± 3
 4  4  2 2
1
154. ≤ sin x ≤
1 ⇒ x = −1 − 3
2 2 From (i) and (ii): x = −4, −1 − 3 .
π π
⇒ sin ≤ sin x ≤ sin or x 2 − 5x + 4 x 2 − 5x + 4
6 4 157. =1⇒ = ±1
x2 − 4 x2 − 4
 π  π
sin  π −  ≤ sin x ≤ sin  π − 
 6  4 ( ) (
⇒ x 2 − 5x + 4 = x 2 − 4 or x 2 − 5x + 4 = − x 2 + 4 )
π π 3π 5π
⇒ ≤ x ≤ or ≤x≤ ⇒ 5x − 8 = 0 or 2x 2 − 5x = 0
6 4 4 6
1st quadrant 2nd quadrant  8  5
⇒  x =  or  x = 0 or 
 3π 5π   5   2
⇒ x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ 
 4 6  8 5
⇒ x = 0, , .
1 1 5 2
155. sin x ≥ ⇒ ≤ sin ≤ 1
2 2 5±7 −1
158. Let 6x 2 − 5x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x = ⇒ x = 1,
π π 12 6
⇒ sin ≤ sin x ≤ sin or
6 2
 π  π
sin  π −  ≤ sin x ≤ sin  π − 
 6   2
π π π 5π π 5π 1
⇒ ≤ x ≤ or ≤ x ≤ ⇒ ≤x≤ (i) Let x ≤ − or x ≥ 1 :
6 2 2 6 6 6 6
But as per question:
∴ 6x 2 − 5x − 1 = 5x − 6x 2 − 1
 π 3π   π 3π 
x ∈  2kπ + , 2kπ +  ≡ x ∈  , 
 3 4 3 4  ⇒ 6x 2 − 5x − 1 = 5x − 6x 2 − 1
π 3π 
Hence x ∈  + 2kπ, + 2kπ ⇒ 12x 2 − 10x = 0
3 4  5
⇒ x = 0 or
6
⇒ x∈φ
1
(ii) Let − < x < 1:
6
∴ 6x 2 − 5x − 1 = 5x − 6x 2 − 1
156. x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = −1, −3
⇒ −6x 2 + 5x + 1 = 5x − 6x 2 − 1
⇒ 1 = −1
(i) Let x ≤ −3 or x ≥ −1 : ⇒ x∈φ
From (i) and (ii) it follows that the given equation
∴ x 2 + 4x + 3 + 2x + 5 = 0 has no solutions.
159. (i) Let x < 0 :
⇒ x 2 + 6x + 8 = 0 1
⇒ x = −4, − 2 ∴ ( x + 1) ( x − 1) = −
2
⇒ x = −4 1
(ii) Let −3 < x < −1 : ⇒ ( x + 1)( − x − 1) = −
2
∴ x 2 + 4x + 3 + 2x + 5 = 0 ⇒ 2 ( x + 1) = 1
2

( )
⇒ − x 2 + 4x + 3 + 2x + 5 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 1) =
2 1
2
⇒ x 2 + 2x − 2 = 0 ⇒ x = −1 ±
1
2

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [68]
(ii) Let x ≥ 0 : ⇒ x = −2 & 2x +1 = 20
1
∴ ( x + 1) ( x − 1) = − ⇒ x = −2 & x = −1
2
1
⇒ ( x + 1)( x − 1) = −
2
(
⇒ 2 x 2 − 1 = −1 ) (i) Let x < −2 :

⇒ 2x 2 = 1
∴2 (
− x +2)
(
+ 2 x +1 − 1 = 2x +1 + 1 )
⇒ 2 (
− x +2)
=2⇒ 2 (
− x +2)
1 = 21
⇒ x=±
2 ⇒ − ( x + 2) = 1
1 ⇒ x = −3 , (accepted)
⇒ x=
2 (ii) Let −2 ≤ x < −1:

From (i) & (ii): x = −1 +

1
2
, −1−
1
2
,
1
2
. ∴ 2(
x +2)
( )
+ 2 x +1 − 1 = 2x +1 + 1

2 ⇒ 2 x + 2 = 21
160. x − 3 x + 2 = 0
⇒ x + 2 =1
3 ± 9 − 8 3 ±1 ⇒ x = −1, ( rejected )
⇒ x = = = 2,1
2 2 (iii) Let x ≥ −1:
⇒ x = −2, − 1,1, 2 .
Hence the given equation has four solutions.
∴ 2(
x +2)
( )
− 2x +1 − 1 = 2 x +1 + 1

161. Let x − 2 = t ⇒ 2 x + 2 − 2 x +1 + 1 = 2 x +1 + 1
2
∴ x−2 + x−2 −2 = 0 ⇒ 2 x + 2 = 2 2x +1 ( )
⇒ t2 + t − 2 = 0 ⇒ 2x + 2 = 2x +2
−1 ± 1 + 8 −1 ± 3 ⇒ x ∈ [ −1, ∞ )
⇒ t= = = −2,1
2 2 From (i), (ii) & (iii) the solution set is x = [ −1, ∞ ) ∪ {−3}
⇒ x − 2 = −2 or x − 2 = 1
⇒ x − 2 = 1 ⇒ ( x − 2 ) = 1 or ( x − 2 ) = −1 (
164. Equating ( x + 1) & 2x − 1 to zero: )
⇒ x = 3 or 1 x + 1 = 0, 2x − 1 = 0
Hence sum of real roots is 3 + 1 = 4. ⇒ x = −1, x = 0
2 2
162. x − 9 + x − 4 = 5

(
⇒ −x 2 + 9 + x 2 − 4 = − x 2 + 9 + x 2 − 4 ) ( ) (i) Let x < −1:
Clearly the above equation is in the form of
x + y = x + y , which holds if xy ≥ 0 . ∴ 2 ( ) − 2x = − 2x − 1 + 1
− x +1
( )
( )( )
∴ −x2 + 9 x2 − 4 ≥ 0 ⇒ 2 ( ) − 2 x = −2 x + 1 + 1
− x +1

⇒ 2 ( ) = 21
− x +1
⇒ ( x 2 − 9 )( x 2 − 4 ) ≤ 0
⇒ − ( x + 1) = 1
⇒ ( x − 3)( x + 3)( x − 2 )( x + 2 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ x = −2 , (accepted)
(ii) Let −1 ≤ x < 0 :
∴ 2(
x +1)
(
− 2x = − 2x − 1 + 1 )
⇒ 2 x +1 − 2 x = −2 x + 2
⇒ x ∈ [ −3, −2] ∪ [ 2,3]
⇒ 2 x +1 = 21
163. Equating ( x + 2 ) & 2 ( x +1
)
− 1 to zero: ⇒ x + 1 = 1 ⇒ x = 0 , (rejected).
(iii) Let x ≥ 0 :
x + 2 = 0 & 2x +1 − 1 = 0

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [69]

∴ 2(
x +1)
(
− 2x = 2x − 1 + 1 ) ⇒ x = log12 (1+ 1−a )

⇒ 2 x +1 − 2 x = 2 x
⇒ x = ± log
12 (1 + 1− a )
⇒ 2 x +1 = 2 x + 2 x
x
(ii) Let 12 = 1− 1− a
⇒ 2 x +1 = 2 x +1 Since therefore 12 ≥ 1 . Hence above
x ≥0
x
⇒ x ∈ [ 0, ∞ ) equation posses solution if:
Hence the solution set is x = [ 0, ∞ ) ∪ {−2} . ( ) 0 &1 − 1 − a ≥ 1
1 − a ≥
− x −2 − x −2 ⇒ 1− a ≥ 0 & − 1− a ≥ 0
165. 4 − 4.2 +2 =0
2 ⇒ a ≤ 1 & 1− a ≤ 0
− x −2   − x −2
⇒  2  − 4 2
+2 = 0
  

 ⇒ a ≤ 1& 1 − a = 0 , ∵ 1 − a ≥ 0 ( )
2 − x −2 ⇒ a ≤ 1& a = 1
⇒ t − 4t + 2 = 0, where t = 2
4 ± 16 − 8 4 ± 2 2 ⇒ a = 1.
⇒ t= = = 2± 2 Also for a = 1 the equation is:
2 2
x
− x −2 − x −2 12 = 1− 1−1
⇒ 2 = 2 + 2 or 2 = 2− 2
x x
⇒ 12 = 1 ⇒ 12 = 120
⇒ log  2
2
− x −2 
 = log 2 2 + 2

( ) ⇒ x =0⇒ x=0.
or From (i) and (ii) the solution set is as follow:

log  2
2
− x −2 
 = log 2 2 − 2 ( ) (
x = ± log12 1 + 1 − a , if a < 1 )
 =0 , if a = 1
2(
⇒ − x − 2 = log 2+ 2 ) or − x − 2 = log ( 2 − 2 ) = no solution , if a > 1
2
167. Solve the system of equation:
⇒ x − 2 = − log ( 2 + 2 ) or x − 2 = − log ( 2 − 2 )
2
negative
2
positive
(
(i) Let x 2 − 2x ≥ 0 & y ≥ 0 )
rejected ⇒ ( x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 2 ) & y ≥ 0

⇒ x − 2 = − log (2 − 2 ) 2
∴ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 + y = 1

⇒ ( x − 2 ) = ± ( − log ( 2 − 2 ) )
2 ( )
⇒ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 + y = 1
⇒ x = 2 ± log ( 2 − 2 ) .
2 ⇒ ( x 2 + y ) − 2x = 1& x 2 + y = 1
166. (144 )
x
− 2 (12 )
x
+a = 0
⇒ 1 − 2x = 1& x 2 + y = 1
2
⇒ 12  − 2 (12 ) + a = 0
x x
⇒ x = 0 & x2 + y = 1 ⇒ x = 0 & y = 1
 
Hence ( x, y ) ≡ ( 0,1) is one of the solutions.
x
⇒ t 2 − 2t + a = 0 , where 12 = t .

⇒ t=
2 ± 4 − 4a (
(ii) Let x 2 − 2x ≥ 0 & y ≤ 0 )
2 ⇒ ( x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 2 ) & y ≤ 0
⇒ t = 1± 1− a
x x ∴ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 + y = 1
⇒ 12 = 1 + 1 − a or 12 = 1− 1− a
x ⇒ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 − y = 1
(i) Let 12 = 1 + 1 − a .
Clearly above equation posses solution if ⇒ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& y = x 2 − 1
(1 − a ) ≥ 0
⇒ a ≤ 1 . For a ≤ 1 :
( ) (
⇒ x 2 − 2x + x 2 − 1 = 1& y = x 2 − 1)
12
x
= 1+ 1− a ⇒ 2x 2 − 2x − 2 = 0 & y = x 2 − 1

⇒ log 12  = log

12 
x
 12
1+ 1− a ( ) ⇒ x2 − x −1 = 0 & y = x2 −1

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [70]
1± 5 ⇒ x + 2x − 1 ≥ 15
⇒ x= & y = x2 −1
2 ⇒ x + ( 2x − 1) ≥ 15 (∵ 2x − 1 ≥ 1)
1− 5
⇒ x= & y = x2 −1 ⇒ | 3x − 1|≥ 15 ⇒ 3x − 1 ≤ −15 or ≥ 15
2
14 16 16
1+ 5 ⇒ x ≤− or ≥ ⇒x≥
(Since x = does not satisfy x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 2 3 3 3
2
(II) x < 1
therefore rejected)
2 ⇒ x + x + (1 − x ) ≥ 15
1− 5  1− 5 
⇒ x= &y = −1 ⇒ | x + 1| ≥ 15 ⇒ x + 1 ≤ − 15 or ≥ 15
2  2 
  ⇒ x ≤ −16 or x ≥ 14 ⇒ x ≤ −16
1− 5 1− 5 16 
⇒ x= &y = From I & II x ∈ ( −∞, −16] ∪  , ∞  (a)
2 2 3 
1− 5 1− 5  170. f ( x ) = 0
Hence ( x, y ) ≡  , .
 2 2 

( )
2
⇒ 1 + x − x2 + x2 − x −1 − 2 = 0
(iii) Let x 2 − 2x ≤ 0 & y ≤ 0
⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2& y ≤ 0 2
 
∴ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 + y = 1   (
⇒  x 2 − x − 1 + x 2 − x − 1 − 2 = 0 )
 t 
( )
t
⇒ − x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 − y = 1 2
⇒ t2 + t − 2 = 0 ⇒ t + t − 2 = 0
⇒ − x 2 + 2x + y = 1& y = x 2 − 1 −1 ± 9
⇒ t = = −2,1 ⇒ t = 1
( )
⇒ − x 2 + 2x + x 2 − 1 = 1& y = x 2 − 1 2
⇒ t = 1 or − 1 ⇒ x 2 − x − 1 = 1 or − 1
⇒ 2x = 2 & y = x 2 − 1 ⇒ x = 1& y = x 2 − 1 2 2
⇒ x − x − 1 = 1 or x − x − 1 = −1
⇒ x = 1& y = 0
2 2
Hence ( x, y ) ≡ (1, 0 ) ⇒ x − x − 2 = 0 or x − x = 0

(iv) Let x 2 − 2x ≤ 0 & y ≥ 0 1± 9

⇒ x = or x = 0 or 1
⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 2& y ≥ 0 2
⇒ x = 2, − 1 or x = 0 or 1
∴ x 2 − 2x + y = 1& x 2 + y = 1
⇒ x = 0,1 or 2 ⇒ x = −2, − 1, 0,1, 2 (b)

( 2
)
⇒ − x − 2x + y = 1& x + y = 1 2
171. Let x − 1 = t ⇒ x − 1 = t 2 ⇒ x = t 2 + 1 , where t ≥ 0 .

⇒ − x 2 + 2x + y = 1& y = 1 − x 2 Hence x + 3 − 4 x −1 + x + 8 − 6 x −1 = 1

( )
⇒ − x 2 + 2x + 1 − x 2 = 1& y = 1 − x 2 ⇒ t 2 + 1 + 3 − 4t + t 2 + 1 + 8 − 6t = 1

⇒ ( t − 2 )2 + ( t − 3 )2 =1 ⇒ t − 2 + t −3 =1
⇒ −2x 2 + 2x = 0 & y = 1 − x 2
(i) 0≤t<2:
⇒ ( x = 0 or 1) & y = 1 − x 2 ( − t + 2 ) + ( − t + 3) = 1 ⇒ t = 2 (rejected)
⇒ ( x = 0 & y = 1) or ( x = 1, y = 0 ) (ii) 2 ≤ t < 3 :
Hence ( x, y ) ≡ ( 0,1) or (1, 0 ) . ( t − 2 ) + ( − t + 3) = 1 ⇒ 1 = 1
From (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) it follows that: ∴ 2≤t<3
  1 − 5 1 − 5   (iii) t ≥ 3 :
( x, y ) ≡ ( 0,1) , (1, 0 ) ,  ,  . ( t − 2 ) + ( t − 3) = 1 ⇒ t = 3
  2 2  
From (i), (ii) and (iii) the solution is
168. x ∈ ( −2, −1) ∪ [ −1, 5 / 2) ∪ [5 / 2,14 / 3) ⇒ x ∈ ( −2,14 / 3) (b)
2 ≤ t ≤ 3 ⇒ 2 ≤ x −1 ≤ 3 ⇒ 4 ≤ x −1 ≤ 9
169. x + x + x − 1 ≥ 15 ⇒ 5 ≤ x ≤ 10 (d)
(I) x ≥ 1
C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
 [71]

172. ( x−2 )
2
+ 12 + 2.1. x − 2 (
Hence x = a 1 − 2 , a ) ( 6 −1 .) (a, c)
176. The equation is in the form of |x| + |y| ≤ |x + y|
( )
2 ⇒ |x| + |y| = |x + y|
− x−2 + 12 − 2.1. x − 2 = 1
⇒ (x ≥ 0 & y ≥ 0) or (x ≤ 0 & y ≤ 0)
⇒ ( x − 2 +1 )
2
− ( x − 2 −1 )
2
=1 ( )
⇒ xy ≥ 0 ⇒ x 2 − 3x + 1 ( 3x + 2 ) ≥ 0

⇒ x − 2 +1 − x − 2 −1 = 1  3 + 5  3− 5  2
⇒ x −  x−   x +  ≥ 0
 
 2  2  3 
⇒ x − 2 + 1− x − 2 −1 = 1

⇒ x−2− x − 2 −1 = 0

(i) x−2− ( x − 2 − 1 = 0 , if ) x − 2 ≥1
⇒ x∈ ,
 −2 3 − 5   3 + 5 
∪ ,∞

(c)
⇒ 2 = 1 , if x −2 ≥1 ⇒ x∈φ 3 2   2 
(ii) x−2+ ( x − 2 − 1 = 0 , if ) x − 2 <1 177. The question is in the form of |x| + |y| ≥ |x + y|.
But |x| + |y| is always ≥ |x + y|. Hence the inequality is
⇒ 2 x − 2 = 1& x − 2 < 1 and x ≥ 2 satisfied for all x∈R. (c)
9
⇒ x = and x < 3 & x ≥ 2 ⇒ x =
9
(b) 178. x 4 − 9 − x 2 + 3 = x 4 − x 2 − 12
4 4
173. (i) Let x < 0 :
1
(
⇒ x4 − 9 − x2 + 3 = x4 − 9 − x2 + 3 ) ( )
∴ ( x + 1) ( x − 1) = −
2
1
( ) ( )
⇒ x4 − 9 ≥ 0 & x2 + 3 ≥ 0 & x4 − 9 ≥ x2 + 3

⇒ ( x 2 − 3) ≥ 0 & x 2 − 3 ≥ 1
⇒ ( x + 1)( − x − 1) = − ⇒ 2 ( x + 1) = 1
2
2

⇒ ( x 2 − 3) ≥ 0 & {( x 2 − 3) ≤ −1 or ( x 2 − 3) ≥ 1}
2 1 1
⇒ ( x + 1) = ⇒ x = −1 ±
2 2
(ii) Let x ≥ 0 :
⇒ x 2 − 3 ≥ 1 ⇒ x 2 ≥ 4 ⇒ x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 2
1
∴ ( x + 1) ( x − 1) = − ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, −2] ∪ [ 2, ∞ ) (d)
2
179. [ x + 5] < 1.1 ⇒ [ x + 5] ≤ 1 ⇒ x + 5 < 2 ⇒ x < −3 (c)
1
⇒ ( x + 1)( x − 1) = − ⇒ 2 x 2 − 1 = −1
2
( ) 180. [ 2x − 3] > −3.1 ⇒ [ 2x − 3] ≥ −3

⇒ 2x 2 = 1 ⇒ x = ±
1
⇒ x=
1 ⇒ 2x − 3 ≥ −3 ⇒ x∈ [ 0, ∞ ) (d)
2 2
181. −5.6 < [ x + 1] ≤ 2 ⇒ −5 ≤ [ x + 1] ≤ 2
1 1 1
From (i) & (ii): x = −1 + , −1− , . (d) ⇒ −5 ≤ x + 1 < 3 ⇒ x ∈ [ −6, 2 ) (d)
2 2 2
2
174. x 2 + 5 x + 4 = 0 ⇒ x + 5 x + 4 = 0 , ∵ x 2 = x ( 2
) 182.  x +  x + [ x ]   = 3 ⇒  x + [ x ]  + [ x ] = 3
⇒ [x] + [x] + [x] = 3
⇒ x = −4, − 1 ⇒ x ∈ φ (d)
⇒ 3[ x ] = 3 ⇒ [ x ] = 1 ⇒ 1 ≤ x < 2 (b)
175. (i) x ≥ a
1 50 1 1
⇒ x 2 − 2ax − a 2 = 0 183. Since + = + = 1 , therefore
2 100 2 2
(
⇒ x = a 1± 2 ⇒ x = a 1− 2 ) ( ) 1 1 1 1 49
0< , + ,....., + <1
2 2 100 2 100
1 100 3
(ii) x < a Also + =
2 100 2
⇒ x 2 + 2ax − 5a 2 = 0 1 50 1 51 1 99 3
(
⇒ x = a −1 ± 6 ⇒ x = a ) ( 6 −1 ) ⇒ 1≤ + , +
2 100 2 100
,..., + <
2 100 2

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
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99 1 1 1   1 49  190. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,3] .
∴ ∑ f ( n ) =   +  +  + ... +  + 
n =0  2   2 100   2 100 
each [ ] =0
 1 50   1 51   1 99 
+ + + +  + ... +  2 + 100 
 2 100   2 100   
each [ ] =1
= ( 50 × 0 ) + ( 50 × 1) = 50 (a) 191. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,3] .
1 66
184. Since + = 0.333 + 0.66 = 0.993 and
3 100
1 67
+ = 0.333 + 0.67 = 1.003 therefore
3 100
1 k
0< + < 1 for k = 0,1,3,......, 66
3 100
67 terms
1 k
1< + < 2 for k = 67, 68, 69,......,99 192. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,3) .
3 100
33 terms
∴ E = 0 + 0 + ..... + 0 + 1 + 1 + .... + 1 = 33 (d)
67 terms 33 terms
185. Let x = I + f, 0 ≤ f < 1
∴  2 + {x} = x + [ x ] ⇒ 2 = ( I + f ) + ( I )
⇒ f = 2 − 2I
But 0 ≤ f < 1 ⇒ 0 ≤ 2 −2I < 1 ⇒ −2 ≤ −2I < −1
⇒ 1 ≥ I > 1/2 ⇒ I = 1 193. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,5] .
∴ f = 2−2 × 1 = 0
∴x=1+0=1 (b)
186. Let x = I + f, 0 ≤ f < 1
∴ [ x ] = {x} + x ⇒ I = f + I + f ⇒ f = 0
⇒ x is any integer (d)
187. Let x = I + f, 0 ≤ f < 1
∴ 4 {x} = x + [ x ] ⇒ 4f = I + f + I ⇒ f = 2I / 3
But 0 ≤ f < 1 ⇒ 0 ≤ 2I/3 < 1⇒ 0 ≤ I < 3/2 ⇒ I = 0, 1
∴ f = 0, 2/3 194. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,5]
∴ x = 0, 5/3 (c)
188. Let x = I + f, 0 ≤ f < 1
∴ 3 + {2 + x}  = x − [ x ] ⇒ 3 = (I + f) −I
⇒ f = 3 ⇒ x ∈φ
( Note that 3 + {2 + x} = 3 + {x} = 3 + {x} = 3 (a) )
189. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,3] . 195. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,5]

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
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196. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,5) Hence range set of f ( x ) is {1}
x
202. f ( x ) = , x ∈ ( 5, ∞ )
x
x
⇒ f (x) = , x ∈ ( 5, ∞ )
x
⇒ f ( x ) = 1 , x ∈ ( 5, ∞ )
Hence range set of f ( x ) is {1}

197. From graph of f ( x ) = x , the range set is [ 0,5) . 203. f ( x ) =

x
, x ∈ ( − ∞, 0 )
x
−x
⇒ f (x) = , x ∈ ( −∞, 0 )
x
⇒ f ( x ) = −1 , x ∈ ( − ∞, 0 )
Hence range set of f ( x ) is {−1}
x
204. f ( x ) = , x ∈ ( −∞, −10]
x
198. f ( x ) = 3x − 1 −x
∴ −4 ≤ x ≤ 7 ⇒ f (x) = , x ∈ ( −∞, −10]
x
⇒ −12 ≤ 3x ≤ 21 ⇒ f ( x ) = −1 , x ∈ ( −∞, −10]
⇒ −12 − 1 ≤ 3x − 1 ≤ 21 − 1
Hence range set of f ( x ) is {−1}
⇒ −13 ≤ ( 3x − 1) ≤ 20
205. f ( x ) = signum ( x ) , x ∈ R
⇒ 0 ≤ 3x − 1 ≤ 20
∴ f ( x ) = −1 , x < 0
∴ Range = [ 0, 20]
=0 , x=0
199. −2 < x ≤ 1
=1 , x > 0
⇒ −4 < 2x ≤ 2
Hence range set of f ( x ) is {−1, 0,1}
⇒ −9 < 2x − 5 ≤ −3
⇒ 3 ≤ 2x − 5 < 9 206. f ( x ) = signum ( x ) , x ∈ [ 0, ∞ )
⇒ −3 ≥ − 2x − 5 > −9 ∴ f (x) = 0 , x = 0
⇒ 0 ≥ 3 − 2x − 5 > −6 =1 , x > 0
Hence range set of f ( x ) is {0,1} .
⇒ 0 ≥ f ( x ) > −6
207. f ( x ) = 2 − x , x ∈ R .
⇒ f ( x ) ∈ ( −6, 0]
−∞ < x < ∞
⇒ ∞ > − x > −∞
x ⇒ ∞ > 2 − x > −∞
200. y = , x ∈ R − {0}
x ⇒ −∞ < ( 2 − x ) < ∞
x
⇒ y= , if x > 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ 2−x < ∞
x
−x ⇒ 0 ≤ f (x) < ∞
= , if x < 0
x Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0, ∞ )
208. f ( x ) = 2 − x , 0 < x < 2
⇒ y =1 , if x > 0
= x −1 , 3 ≤ x ≤ 4
= −1 , if x < 0
(i) 0<x<2
Hence range set of f ( x ) is {−1,1} .
⇒ 0 > − x > −2
x ⇒ 2 > 2−x > 0
201. f ( x ) = , x ∈ ( 0, ∞ )
x ⇒ 0 < (2 − x) < 2 ⇒ 0 < f (x) < 2
x (ii) 3 ≤ x ≤ 4
⇒ f (x) = , x ∈ ( 0, ∞ )
x ⇒ 2 ≤ ( x − 1) ≤ 3
⇒ f ( x ) = 1 , x ∈ ( 0, ∞ )
⇒ 2 ≤ f (x) ≤ 3
C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n
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From (i) and (ii): range set of f ( x ) is ( 0,3] . 2 2−x
⇒ ≥ ≥0
209. f ( x ) = x + 1 , −2 ≤ x < 4 3 3
2
= x2 , 4≤x≤5 ⇒ 0 ≤ f (x) ≤
3
= 3− x , 5 < x ≤ 7
(iii) 2 < x ≤ 10
(i) −2 ≤ x < 4 1 1 1
⇒ > ≥
⇒ −1 ≤ ( x + 1) < 5 2 x 10
⇒ −1 ≤ f ( x ) < 5 ⇒
1
≤ f (x) <
1
(ii) 4 ≤ x ≤ 5 10 2
 2
⇒ 16 ≤ x 2 ≤ 25 From (i), (ii) and (iii) the range set of f ( x ) is  −∞,  .
 3
⇒ 16 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 25
211. f ( x ) = x + x , x∈R
(iii) 5 < x ≤ 7
⇒ −5 > − x ≥ −7 ⇒ f (x) = x + x , x≥0
⇒ −2 > 3 − x ≥ −4 = −x + x , x<0
⇒ −4 ≤ f ( x ) < −2 ⇒ f ( x ) = 2x , x≥0
From (i), (ii) and (iii), the range set of f ( x ) is =0 , x<0
Also x ≥ 0 ⇒ 2x ≥ 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ 2x < ∞ .
[ −4, − 2 ) ∪ [ −1,5 ) ∪ [16, 25] . Hence range set of f ( x ) is [ 0, ∞ ) .
210. f ( x ) = x , x<0

=
2−x
, 0≤x≤2 212. f ( x ) = x − x , x ∈ R
3 ⇒ f (x) = x − x , x≥0
1
= , 2 < x ≤ 10 = x − ( −x ) , x<0
x
(i) x < 0 ⇒ f ( x ) < 0 ⇒ f ( x ) ∈ ( − ∞, 0 ) ⇒ f (x) = 0 , x ≥ 0
(ii) 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 = 2x , x < 0
⇒ 0 ≥ − x ≥ −2 Also x < 0 ⇒ 2x < 0 ⇒ −∞ < 2x < 0
⇒ 2 ≥ 2−x ≥ 0 Hence range set is ( −∞, 0] .

***

C A T J E E , R a m a n N i w a s , N e a r A k a s h v a n i , M e h mo o r g a n j , V a r a n a s i , P h : ( 0 5 4 2 ) 2 3 6 3 4 5 5 . we b s i t e : w w w . c a t j e e . i n