PARKING SAFETY MODEL

A Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of course

ON

SMART SYSTEM DESIGN

BY

MOGUDUMPURAM AVINASH 2103A51278

SANJAY KENCHA 2103A51266

NAVEEN KOTTE 2103A51267

Under the guidance of faculty in –charge

DR.Laxman Raju Thoutam ,Assistant Professor

MR.P.Ramchandar rao ,Assistant Professor

Depatment of ECE

SR university, Anantahsagar,Hasanparthy,Warangal
urban 506371

,Telangana ,India
 Center for Embedded System And IoT
SR University

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the course project entitled “PARKING SAFETY
MODEL USING ULTRASONIC ”is the bonfide work carried out by
M.AVINSH
(2103A51278),K.SANJAY(2103A51266),K.NAVEEN(2103A51267)
in the partial fullfilment of the requirement for

the award of course Smart System Design during the academic year

20-21 under our guidence and supersion.

Mr.P.Ramachandar Rao
Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE
 CONTENTS

Chapter No. Description Page No.

1. ABSTRACT
2. HARDWARE TOOLS
 ARDUINO UNO
 BREAB BOARD
 JUMPING WIRES
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 USB
 LED(Light emitting doide)
 LCD(Light crystral deivce)
 RESISTOR
 BUZZER

3. INTRODUCTION
4. DISCUSSION ON PROBLEM
5. DISCUSSION OFN SOLUTION
6. BLOCK DIAGRAM
7. RESULTS&DISCUSSION
8. CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCES
 1.ABSTRACT

This paper illustrates the configuration of a parking sensor that help the driver
while reversing the car for parking. Sometimes it can be difficult to judge the
distance when reversing the car. On off the change that the driver is
inexperienced in driving it can cause potential damage to the car or can lead to
some other casualties when reversing the car for parking. This sensor can prove
quite helpful in such situations. This sensor can be installed without much of a
stretch at the rear of your vehicle. An additional feature of this sensor is that the
number of beeps increases as the car nears any object so that the driver can
estimate the distance between the object and the car. This article discloses on
how the Reverse Parking Sensor is configured.
 2.HARDWARE TOOLS

I.ARDUINO UNO

Arduino/Genuino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be
used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It.

. contains everything needed to suppo2rt the microcontroller; simply connect it

to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery
to get started.. You can tinker with your UNO without worring too much about
doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few
dollars and start over again.

"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino
Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE)
were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The
Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference
model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated
boards see the Arduino index of boards.
Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital 1/0 Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per 1/0 Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
II.BREAD BOARD

Thin plastic board used to hold electronic components (transistors, resistors,

chips, etc.) that are wired together. Used to develop prototypes of electronic
circuits, breadboards can be reused for future jobs. They can be used to create
one-of-a-kind systems but rarely become commercial products. See printed
circuit board.

The breadboard contains spring clip contacts typically arranged in matrices with
certain blocks of clips already wired together. The components and jump wires
(assorted wire lengths with pins at both ends) are plugged into the clips to create
the circuit patterns. The boards also typically include metal strips along the side
that are used for common power rails and signal buses
III.JUMPING WIRES

Jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical
wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or
sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to
interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit,
internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering and there
are three types of jumping wires

1.male wires

2.female wires

3.male and female wires

IV.ULTRASONIC SENSOR

An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a

target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected
sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of
audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors have
two main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using
piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has
travelled to and from the target).
V.USB
The term USB stands for "Universal Serial Bus". USB cable assemblies are
some of the most popular cable types available, used mostly to connect
computers to peripheral devices such as cameras, camcorders, printers,
scanners, and more. Devices manufactured to the current USB Revision 1.

VI.LED
(Light emitting diode)
LED stands for light emitting diode. LED lighting products produce light up to
90% more efficiently than incandescent light bulbs. How do they work? An
electrical current passes through a microchip, which illuminates the tiny light
sources we call LEDs and the result is visible light. To prevent performance
issues, the heat LEDs produce is absorbed into a heat sink

VII.LCD
(Light-crystal display)
liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically
modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid
crystals combined with polarizers. LCDs are available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed images with low
information content, which can be displayed or hidden. For instance: preset
words, digits, and seven-segment displays, as in a digital clock, are all good
examples of devices with these displays.

VIII.RESISTOR
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used
to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat
may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test
loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly
with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to
adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as
sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.
IX.BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be
mechanical,electromechanical,or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as
a mouse click or keystroke.
 3.INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, parking a vehicle is one of the most important skills for any driver
or car owner as it is very difficult to measure the space around the vehicle and
to know the bumpers. Parallel parking often requires a lot of practice therefore
to solve this problem; a parking sensor has to be developed that makes it easier
to park the vehicle. Parking sensors are proximity sensors that the driver can use
to identify nearby vehicles when parking. As a rule, the car manufacturer places
these sensors on the rear bumper of the vehicle, which is why this system is also
known as a driver assistance system. Currently, the popularity of these sensors
has increased due to the increase in vehicle size and the decrease in parking
spaces. So, for this purpose we have made use of ultrasonic sensor along with.

Arduino in order to detect and park the car carefully without any problem. The
ultrasonic sensor plays a key role in detecting objects using high frequency
sound waves. It generates sound pulses that ricochet off nearby objects. The
receiver perceives the reproduced waves and estimates the distance between the
car and the object. It is connected to an alarm device. In order to warn the driver
if an obstacle is approaching the vehicle. When the driver engages reverse gear,
the parking sensor automatically activates and sends ultrasonic signals. When
these signals hit a nearby object, they are immediately replicated and recorded
by the parking sensors. signals, the engine control unit measures the distance
between the vehicle and the object. When the car approaches the object, the
alarm system warns the driver with a beep to prevent the vehicle.
 4.DISCUSSION ON PROBLEM

FROM THE PAST MANY CARS ARE PRODUCED BY MANY

COMPANIES WITH MORE FACILTIES
5.DISCUSSION ON SOLUTION
 6.BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Components used in the parking safety model:
1.ARDUINO UNO

2.BREAB BOARD

3.JUMPING WIRES

4.ULTRASONIC SENSOR

5.USB

6.LED(Light emitting doide)

7.LCD(Light crystral deivce)

8.RESISTOR

9.BUZZER
CODE:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define echoPin 2 // attach pin D2 Arduino to pin Echo of HC-SR04
#define trigPin 3 //attach pin D3 Arduino to pin Trig of HC-SR04

const int rs = 7, en = 6, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 9, d7 = 8;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

signed short minutes, seconds;

char timeline[16];
long duration; // variable for the duration of sound wave travel
int distance; // variable for the distance measurement
int buzz =10;
int red = 11;
int green =12;us

void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an OUTPUT
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an INPUT
Serial.begin(9600); // // Serial Communication is starting with 9600
of baudrate speed
Serial.println("Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 Test"); // print some text
in Serial Monitor
Serial.println("with Arduino UNO R3");
pinMode(buzz, OUTPUT);
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(green, OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print("Distance :");

void loop() {

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin HIGH (ACTIVE) for 10 microseconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
 // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in
microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Calculating the distance
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2; // Speed of sound wave divided by 2
(go and back)
// Displays the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm ");
if(distance <20 )
{

digital Write(buzz, LOW);

digital Write(red, LOW);
digital Write(green, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
sprintf(timeline,"%0.2d mins %0.2d secs", minutes, seconds);
lcd. Print("Danger ");
delay(2500);

}
 else
{
digital Write(buzz, HIGH);
digital Write(red, HIGH);
digital Write(green, LOW);
}

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
sprintf(timeline,"%0.2d mins %0.2d secs", minutes, seconds);
lcd. Print(distance);
lcd. Print(" cm");

delay(1000);
seconds++;

if (seconds == 60)
{
seconds = 0;
minutes ++;
}

}
CONCLUSION: