Introduction to C++ Programming

Shaobai Kan
chapter 2

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 1/2

Outline

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 2/2

Outline
• Introduction to C++ and its development
environment

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 2/2

Outline
• Introduction to C++ and its development
environment

• An example of C++ program

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 2/2

Outline
• Introduction to C++ and its development
environment

• An example of C++ program

• Lab and Exercises

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 2/2

Introduction to C++ and its development
environment

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 3/2

C++ & Operating System

• C++ programming language.

———– High - level language.

• Windows, Unix, Linux and Mac OS X.

———– Operating systems.

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 4/2

Standard C++

ANSI / ISO C++. the internationally agreed-upon version

that is portable to any platform and any development
environment.

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 5/2

Standard C++

ANSI / ISO C++. the internationally agreed-upon version

that is portable to any platform and any development
environment.

Question: What is ANSI? ISO?

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 5/2

Standard C++

ANSI / ISO C++. the internationally agreed-upon version

that is portable to any platform and any development
environment.

Question: What is ANSI? ISO?

• ANSI - American National Standards Institute

• ISO - International Organization for

Standardization

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 5/2

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

IDE. a software application that provides comprehensive

facilities to computer programmers for software
development.

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 6/2

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

IDE. a software application that provides comprehensive

facilities to computer programmers for software
development.

An IDE consists of
- a code editor
- a compiler
- a debugger
- a graphic user interface (GUI) builder

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 6/2

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

• Computer Lab
—Visual C++ 2005 & Visual C++ 2008

• Home
—Visual C++ 2008 Express Edition
http://www.microsoft.com/express/download/

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 7/2

C++ Library

All C++ compilers come with a library of useful

functions and classes that you can include in your
program.

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C++ Library

All C++ compilers come with a library of useful

functions and classes that you can include in your
program.

• function. a block of code that performs one or more

tasks, such as adding two numbers or printing to the
screen.

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 8/2

C++ Library

All C++ compilers come with a library of useful

functions and classes that you can include in your
program.

• function. a block of code that performs one or more

tasks, such as adding two numbers or printing to the
screen.

• class. the definition of a new type.

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 8/2

An example of C++ program

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 9/2

1st Example: Hello World!

hello.cpp

// Shaobai Kan, 9/1/08

Comments
// Text-Printing Program
Preprocessor Directive
# include <iostream>

“main” function int main( )

{
Executable statement 1
std::cout << “Hello World!\n” ;

Executable statement 2 return 0 ;

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1st Example: Result

Output.

Hello World!

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Comments)

Lines 1 & 2.
" //Shaobai Kan, 9/1/08
//Text-Printing Programming "

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Comments)

Lines 1 & 2.
" //Shaobai Kan, 9/1/08
//Text-Printing Programming "

Comments.
"//................... "

- Do not affect the operation of the program; Ignored by

the compiler
- Enhance the readability of the source code

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 12/2

Line-by-Line Analysis (Preprocessor)

Line 3.
" # include <iostream> "
—— Preprocessor directive.

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Preprocessor)

Line 3.
" # include <iostream> "
—— Preprocessor directive.

Question: What does the preprocessor do here?

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Preprocessor)

hello.cpp hello.cpp
iostream.h

# include <iostream>

Source Code
Source Code
B B

Source code Preprocessor

A

Source Code
A

(a) (b)

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Line-by-Line Analysis ("main" function)

Line 4. main function

Definition

function header int main ( )

openning brace {
………..
function body

………..
closing brace }

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Line-by-Line Analysis ("main" function)

main function.

• Every C++ program has a main() function.

• The function main() is called by operating system

automatically when program starts.

• The function main() always return int, e.g. 0 (signal for

success).

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Output statement)

Line 6.
" std::cout « "Hello World!\n"; "

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Output statement)

Line 6.
" std::cout « "Hello World!\n"; "

—— Output statement.

• cout — output stream object.

• std — namespace.
std::— use the standard input/output library.
• white space — blank lines, space characters and tab
characters.

Introduction to C++ Programming – p. 17/2

Line-by-Line Analysis (Output statement)

"\n" — tell cout to output a new line.

Compare the following statements:

1 std::cout « "Hello World!\n";

std::cout « "Hello World!";

2 std::cout « "Hello World!Hello World!";

3 std::cout « "Hello World!";

std::cout « "Hello World!";

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Line-by-Line Analysis (Remark)

Remark.

• Every C++ statement must be ended with a semicolon

;.

• main function must be ended with return 0;

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Lab and Exercise

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In-Class Exercises:

Exercise 1. Write a program that prints:

***********
*********
*******
*****
***
*

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In-Class Exercises:

Exercise 2. Write a program that prints:

*
* *
* * * *
* *
* *
*

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 Homework:
• Read Sec. 2.1-2.3
• Exercises 2.21, 2.22, 2.26

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