Chapter 4

뉴톤의 운동 법칙
 Goals for Chapter 4
• 힘 벡터
• 물체에 가해지는 순힘과 뉴톤의 제 1 법칙
• 질량 및 가속도: 뉴톤의 제 2 법칙
• 무게와 질량의 차이
• 작용 반작용 쌍과 뉴톤의 제 3 법칙

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Introduction

• 뉴톤 역학 (Newtonian Mechanics)
• Sir Isaac Newton 1600년대
The Principia.

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 What are the properties of force(s)?

• 밀고 당기는 것

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 There are four common types of forces

• 수직력

• 마찰력

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 There are four common types of forces II

• 장력

• 무게

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 What are typical sizes for common forces?—Table 4.1

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 How to denote a force—Figure 4.3

• 힘은 벡터

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 Use the net (overall) force—Figure 4.4

• 순힘 또는 합력

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 Decomposing a force into components

• 힘의 성분 (예, Fx 와 Fy )

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 Notation and method for the vector sum—Figure 4.7

• 합력 R = F1 + F2 + F3 … Fn = ΣF.
• tanθ = Ry/Rx 과 R = (Rx2 + Ry2)1/2.

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 Superposition of forces—Example 4.1

• 힘의 합성: 각 성분끼리 더하면 됨. 예 4.1

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 Newton’s First Law—Figure 4.9

• 순힘이 0 일때,
물체는 등속으로
움직이며, 가속도는 0
이다.

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 - Aristoteles : v∝ mg - Galileo : 진공
물체는 힘이 작용하여 운동상태가 변하지 않는 한, 정지 상태나
등속직선운동의 상태를 유지한다.

관성 좌표계: 관성의 법칙이 성립하는 좌표계 (서로 등속으로 움직이는 좌표계)

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 관성 질량

같은 힘 m a m a
mx a a0
= 0 mx = m0
m0 ax ax

질량: 물체에 가해지는 힘과 그 결과 발생하는 가속도와의 관계를 나타내는 양.

뉴턴의 제 2 법칙

 F 비례상수  
a∝ F = ma
m 1을 선택
     
∑ x
F = ma x ∑ y
F = ma y ∑ z = maz
F

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 Using the Second Law—Example 4.4
• 예제 4.4

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 Using the Second Law II—Example 4.5

• 예제 4.5

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 Newtons, kilograms, pounds, and slugs—Table 4.2

• 힘의 단위

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 Newton’s Third Law

• 작용-반작용의 법칙
• 작용-반작용 쌍

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 Newton’s Third Law

• 작용-반작용의 법칙

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 Free-body diagrams—Figure 4.30
• 자유 힘 도식

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