2.

6 FUEL CONSTRAINED ECONOMIC DISPATCH

Fuel constrained economic dispatch (FCED) is increasingly important for
utility operation and planning since it involves an even more extensive problem
including a wide range of time periods of operation and planning and a larger set
of constraints and variables. The fuel used in a generating unit may be obtained
through different contracts at different prices. Fuel contracts are generally a takeor-
pay agreement and include both maximum and minimum limits on delivery of
fuel to the generating units over the life time of the contract. The fuel storage kept
to prepare for inaccurate load forecasts and untimely delivery supplies is usually
within a specifi ed limit [5].
The objective of FCED is to minimize simultaneously the total fuel cost and
emission level of thermal generators over a schedule time horizon while satisfying
power balance, fuel delivery, and fuel storage constraints and generator operating
limits. FCED can be divided into long-term (weeks up to a year), short-term (days
up to a week), daily (hours up to one day), and real-time (minutes up to one hour).
In long-term FCED which is subject of this study, the schedule time is divided into
sub-periods (months or weeks) to obtain an optimal fuel use strategy [6-7].
Assume that the entire long-term schedule time horizon is divided into
M subintervals each having a constant load demand and that all generating units are
available and remain on-line for M subintervals. The objective is to simultaneously
minimize generation cost and emission levels of generating units over the
M subintervals such that the constraints of power balance, fuel delivery and
fuel storage for any given subinterval, and maximum-minimum fuel delivery,
fuel storage, and generator operating constraints for each generating unit are
satisfi ed.
The problem formulation for a system having NG thermal generating units scheduled
in M subintervals is as follows:
􀂦􀂦 􀀾 􀁀
􀀠􀀠
􀂘􀀎
M
k
NG
i
k
i Gi
k
k i Gi tFPEP
11
Min ( ) ( ) (2.45)
where
( ) ( k )2
i Gi
k
i i Gi
k
i GiF P 􀀠 a 􀀎 b P 􀀎 c P (2.46)
( ) ( k )2
i Gi
k
i i Gi
k
i Gi E P 􀀠 d 􀀎 e P 􀀎 f P (2.47)
subject to
Power balance constraint
0
1

􀀠 􀀐 􀀐 􀂦􀀠
k
L
k
loss
NG
i
k
Gi P P PD (2.48)