11/13/22, 7:00 PM Chapter Six: Pumping Systems - Ministry of Water DCOM Manual

Chapter Six: Pumping Systems

From Ministry of Water DCOM Manual

Contents
1 Chapter Six: Pumping Systems
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Rationale
1.3 Common Types Of Pumps Used In Water Supply
1.4 Pumping System Setup
1.5 Source Of Pumping Power
1.6 Pump Selection
1.7 Pump Protection

1 Chapter Six: Pumping Systems

1.1 Introduction
This section describes the water supply pumping systems. A brief presentation
of types of pumps is provided. It
describes how to design and select pumps for
a water supply system. Lastly, it gives key considerations of their
installation.
It is important to understand the different types of pumps, design procedures,
sources of pumping
power, motor starting, machines protection and economics
of electric power systems. More details on pump types
and their functioning are
given in Appendix E.

1.2 Rationale
The main goal of any water pumping plant and pumping system is to lift water
from a lower to a higher level.

1.3 Common Types Of Pumps Used In Water Supply

There are two main types of pumps used in water supply projects. The pumps
are different in design and
application. Table 6.1 shows the most commonly used
pump types. Further details of each type of pump can be
seen in Appendix E of
this DCOM manual.

https://design.maji.go.tz/index.php/Chapter_Six:_Pumping_Systems 1/5
11/13/22, 7:00 PM Chapter Six: Pumping Systems - Ministry of Water DCOM Manual

1.4 Pumping System Setup

When setting up a pumping system, carefully calculate the driver Horsepower
(HP) required based on the flow
data, pressure and efficiency of the pump. Check
the pump RPM and drive RPM and select the proper size pulleys
to achieve the
desired flow. Review the maximum horsepower per belt to assure that the pump
receives adequate
power to deliver the desired flow. The correct belt length and
centre distance must be established to achieve the
proper HP. If in doubt, consult
your pump and/or drive supplier for their recommendations.

1.5 Source Of Pumping Power

The different types of power sources commonly used for water supply pumps
include:

Electrical grid power

Diesel/gasoline generators and engines
Natural gas/biogas generators
Solar Energy
Wind Energy

The choice of pumping energy depends on several factors namely:

Availability of and proximity to grid power,

Capital costs of the alternatives,
Operational costs of the alternatives.

In Tanzania when deciding on water pumping energy, grid power is considered

as the basic source in the sense that
when available it becomes the 1st choice. It is
only when the grid source is too far from the pumping point that
other sources of
power are considered. The three alternatives to grid power namely diesel/petrol/
natural gas/biogas
generators or engines have both positives and negatives. In
the following subchapter, each alternative shall be
discussed.

1.6 Pump Selection

https://design.maji.go.tz/index.php/Chapter_Six:_Pumping_Systems 2/5
11/13/22, 7:00 PM Chapter Six: Pumping Systems - Ministry of Water DCOM Manual

Pump selection involves choosing the type of pump that fits the application and
sizing the pump to be able to
deliver the required pressure and flow to the point
of delivery. The factors which should be considered in the
selection and sizing of
a pump include:

Depth to the water level and seasonal variations of the water source;
Pressure ranges needed for adequate water supply;
Heights through which water has to be lifted, both below and above the pump;
Pump location; and
Pump durability and efficiency.

The type of pump selected for a particular project should be determined on the
basis of the following fundamental
considerations:

Yield of the well or water source;

Daily needs and instantaneous demand of the users;
The “usable water” in the pressure or storage tank;
Size and alignment of the well casing;
Total operating head pressure of the pump at normal delivery rates, including lift and all friction losses;
Difference in elevation between ground level and water level in the well during pumping;
Availability of power;
Ease of maintenance and availability of replacement parts;
First cost and economy of operation;
Reliability of pumping equipment; and

Tables 6.2(a) and (b) shows the operation ranges of different types of pumps
according to the head required and the
flow rate needed. For water supply
pumps the two must be considered for a good pump. Examples of pump duty
calculations are provided in Appendix E.

https://design.maji.go.tz/index.php/Chapter_Six:_Pumping_Systems 3/5
11/13/22, 7:00 PM Chapter Six: Pumping Systems - Ministry of Water DCOM Manual

1.7 Pump Protection

In order to ensure acceptable technical soundness of plants and water pumping
systems the following protective
measures need to be considered at the design
stage and adopted wherever desirable. For the purpose of avoiding
unnecessary
sophistication and yet establish reliable protection of plants and pumping
systems the protective
systems enumerated hereunder shall be adopted in the
fashion recommended herein:

1. Protection against dry running

2. Protection against water hammer

3. Protection against cavitation’s

4. Protection against overloads/over current

5. Protection against cathodic corrosion.

The most important protection is water hammer which can be analysed through
number of software. Of these, the
one recommended for consideration is Surge
2000 produced as part of the KY pipe software package, and its
details can be
found by logging on to their website. A 250 pipe solution costs US$ 3,000 in 2006.

Another alternative, especially if the designer is interested in is to pursue a

controlled air transient technology
(CATT) approach for the use of air-valves.
This is available by contacting Vent-O-Mat of South Africa by logging
on to their
website.
https://design.maji.go.tz/index.php/Chapter_Six:_Pumping_Systems 4/5
11/13/22, 7:00 PM Chapter Six: Pumping Systems - Ministry of Water DCOM Manual

REFERENCES

MoW 3rd Edition Design Manual, 2009

Uganda Water Design Manual, 2013

Previous Page: Chapter_Five:_Pipelines_Design << >> Next Page: Chapter_Seven:_Water_Treatment

Retrieved from "http://design.maji.go.tz/index.php?title=Chapter_Six:_Pumping_Systems&oldid=2932"

https://design.maji.go.tz/index.php/Chapter_Six:_Pumping_Systems 5/5