Control of Voltage and Frequency of a Grid

Using Solar Distributed System

Abstract—As the global demand of power increases, the production of energy as well as the stress on the
distribution system increases. The increase in load leads to more production of power from the existing
non-renewable sources of energy which has adverse effect on the environment and are not cheap. Thus,
the demand for a clean and alternatively cheap source of energy began. Adding renewable sources of
energy like solar, wind, geothermal to the grid induces voltage variation in grid, two-way power flow and
altered transient stability. In this paper, we will create a method to integrate solar distributed generations
in existing grid system without hampering the grid’s stability. In this paper we will discuss a method to
use solar cells generations and integrating with grid system to improve the power factor and balance the
reactive power to maintain the voltage and frequency of the grid.

Keywords – Solar Distributed generation, grid stability.

LITERAUTRE REVIEW

With increase in power demand, the studies on sustainable energy resources have increased to
mitigate the crisis of depletion of non-renewable resources like petroleum, coal and natural gas. The
promotion of renewable sources of energy has led to the integration of renewable energy plants in the
grid system. Solar photovoltaic generation has great potential because of the absence of fuel cost,
scalability of production in power and simplicity of implementation[1].
Because of intermittency the production of energy from solar photovoltaic generation generation
system is not consistent. There have been many papers which have discussed methods to improve the
generation of electricity from solar photovoltaic generations. In these papers the methods generally
use neural networks [2], the maximum power point tracker algorithm(MPPT) , the particle swarm
organization(PSO) algorithm [3], techniques have been developed to increase the output of
photovoltaic cells depending of the temperature conditions and other metrological parameters [4][5].
After generation methods have been used for distribution of energy and see how the integration of
solar distributed generation(DG) systems can improve the existing system. The need for reactive
power balance in DGs and it’s economic impact on the distribution systems. The penetration of
renewable generation systems and establishment of DGs at ideal distance from the load can also help
to compensate for the power loss in lines [6].
In this paper we will discuss a method to improve the output of the solar PV generation systems
with the use of boost converter [7] and a PI-controller and convert to AC to be supplied through the
grid along with handling some problems such as voltage variation in grid, two-way power flow and
altered transient stability. The PI control algorithm can be Artificial neural network based MPPT or
PSO based [8][9]. It will be used for changing the firing angle of the boost converter. The power will
be supplied to the grid through a medium voltage converter-inverter or binary multi-level inverters
[10][11].

REFERENCES

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Sl.no Paper Title Author Year Methods Validation Limitations
1. Evaluation of the main De Brito, 2012 MPPT Slow
MPPT techniques for M.A.G., algorithm
photovoltaic Galotto, L., response
applications Sampaio, L.P., time
e Melo, G.D.A.
and Canesin,
C.A.
2. .A new method for Demirdelen, 2019 Artificial Comparision Cannot be
generating short-term T., Ozge Aksu, neural with other used for long
power forecasting I., Esenboga, networks, ANN term
based on artificial B., Aygul, K., statistical algorithms in prediction.
neural networks and Ekinci, F. and analysis based accordance to
optimization methods Bilgili, M., on historical MAPE
for solar photovoltaic 2019 data. criterion.
power plants.
3. A novel maximum Zhao, J., Zhou, 2015 MPPT Better
power point tracking X., Ma, Y. and algorithm performance
strategy based on Liu, W. using INC
optimal voltage algorithm as a
control for benchmark
photovoltaic systems
under variable
environmental
conditions
4. Impact of renewable Koner, P.K., 2016 Voltage
generation on voltage Harris, A. and Control
control in distribution Maturi, E strategies,
systems. Smart grid for
voltage
control
5. High performance PV Attia, H. 2019 ANN-MPPT Good MSE Cannot be
system based on technique scores, good used for large
artificial neural performance loads
network MPPT with PI in training and
controller for direct validation sets
current water pump
applications.
6. Binary hybrid Mukundan, 2020 Smart grids,
multilevel inverter- C.N., inverter
based grid integrated Jayaprakash, integration,
solar energy P., SOGI control
conversion system Subramaniam,
with damped SOGI U. and
control Almakhles
7. Development and Elnaghi, B.E., 2020 two-stage Simulink, real Cannot be
implementation of Dessouki, boost time used for large
two-stage boost M.E., Abd- converter, comparision loads
converter for single Alwahab, PWM
phase M.N. and inverter ,MPP
inverter without Elkholy T,SPWM
transformer
for PV