PROGRAM: BE ELECTRICAL SEMESTER: FALL 2021 SUBJECT: Digital Logic Design

INSTRUCTOR: PROJECT BASED LEARNING OF TOPIC: SELF CORRECTING

Dr. Muhammad Irfan DLD MOTORIZED VEHICLE

PRESENTED BY:

NAJAM US SAQIB MUHAMMAD ZAID UMRANI

ROLL NO: 54603 ROLL NO: 54767

ABBAS ALI ALI RAZA

ROLL NO: 53921 ROLL NO: 54906

REPORTS

To design and implement the logic circuit for the daily life problem’s solution by using DLD techniques.

SELF CORRECTING MOTORIZED VEHICLE

INTRODUCTION:

Digital Logic Design (DLD) is a fundamental course in both computer and Electrical Engineering
Technology fields and as such it is important for the course to provide students with a good
understanding and continuous interests. As we are the beginners of learning this course. [1]
Project, based Learning allows us to gain knowledge by solving real-world problems and helps
to developed critical thinking and self-management skills.

In this paper, a description of effective and innovative logic the circuit design project is
presented which is to design a logic circuit to control an motorized device that moves, project
by a signal from photocell sensors [2]. The project exercise using Boolean Logic functions,
constructing a truth table and assembling the logic gates.

The project is to design the logic circuit to control a motorized a advice that moves by the
signals from photocell sensors. The project exercises Boolean logic functions conducting a truth
table and assembling the logic gates to design the circuit that transmits the signals between

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photocell sensors and two Motors. [3] Photocell sensors convert light energy to electrical
energy. The LED strip lights will represent the road track similar to highway lane. The photocell
sensors contact in the designer circuit of the vehicle will sense the light send the signals to the
circuit and Trigger the motor to spin by following the logics.

The design logic circuit makes the decision which path the vehicle should take. It will self
correct the direction by spinning left motor only, right motors only or both Motors.

METHODOLOGY:

LOGICS ABOUT TRUTH TABLE:

The main objective of the project is to design the Digital circuit system of the vehicle with two
photocell sensor, which work as input. Each side (right or left) of that sensor circuit which
communicate with each motor to output the signal so the vehicle can correct the direction
along the track and drive. The track is outlined by two LED strip lights as an input source, on
both ends on the ground about one feet apart. When the vehicle is closed to the LED strip lights
on the side track the right side photocell logic is (0) so the right side motor stops and vehicle
moves on the left side because the left side strip does not light up so the input of the left side
motor is (1) that means on. Similarly, When left sensor detects the LED strip lights on the left
side tracked. Thus the only right motor will run to make the vehicle to Steer to the right side.
But, when the both left and right side track LED light up then both the input is (1) so the vehicle
stops.

National Instrument (NI) Multisim software provide the electronic circuit simulation platform
with virtual and practical components. The circuit diagram of the project drawn in Multisim –
Multisim also allows the virtual Simulation of the circuit, which helps for troubleshooting errors
and improving circuit design as well as giving the visual understanding of the circuit structure.

RESULT:

Table 1: Truth table of self-correcting vehicle logic circuit

Input Output
1= light detected 1= motor runs
0= light not detected 0= motor stops Direction
Left photocell Right photocell Left motor Right motor
0 0 1 1 Forward
0 1 1 0 Left
1 0 0 1 Right
1 1 0 0 Stop (Invalid)

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Two equations can be written derived from the truth table with respect to each left and right
motor.
Suppose left and right motors are XL and XR respectively and input of left and right photocells
are
A and B respectively. Boolean equations can be written as

These Boolean equations can be further simplified applying De Morgan’s law. However, in this
paper, the circuits were built based on the above equations. After students wrote the Boolean
equations, they were asked to draw a logic gate circuit. This step is a key part of the project that
associates with a logic circuit designing. Figure 1 shows the logic design from the Boolean
equations above.

Figure 1: Logic gate schematics for left and right motors

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Logic circuit (DLD techniques).

CONCLUSION:

CIRCUIT CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING PROCEDURE.

In the next step to construct the circuit with physical component. Following the schematic of
the circuit design.

Two boards were separately used to represent the circuit at each side of the motor, which help
us to understand and build circuit in an orderly manner. The completely constructed circuit
board where mounted on a plate to hold the boards and Motors from the circuit connected to
the wheels on a plate. Designing the body of the vehicle using 3D printing printers that supports
the board and Motors can be developed in the future project.

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Now 2 photocell sensor were attached in the front of the vehicle as facing down to sense the
light from the LED strip light and then send signal to the circuit. Through several testing
practices, we discovered the vehicle made more obvious turns, it will be happen because when
we setup the LED strip lights in a s-curved shape instead of a straight line LED strip light up and
then it turns more obvious probably.

REFERENCES:

[1] S. Han, R. Capraro and M.M. Capraro "How science, Technology, Engineering, And
Mathematics (STEM) Project. Based Learning (PBL) Affects High, Middle, And Low Achievers
"Int. J. Sci Math. Edu, vol. 13, no. 5,

[2] Carolyn A Scott. " Project-based science “

[3] From Global Organization of Oriented Group Language of Earth "Basic Learning projects of
""OLD Techniques".

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