INTRODUCTION

Lighting system design is an art as well as a science. Illumination engineering, or design,

is a challenging and rewarding field that converts the output of a simple bulb (or LED) into a

pattern of illumination that allows us to safely work, drive, or play. As engineering progresses

into design, the designer integrates fundamental physics, architectural aesthetics, and human

physiology to create lighting solutions that meet all of our ever-changing needs.

In the professional field, proper lighting design is vital because an under-lighting

arrangement reduces the efficiency of the task for which the lightings were designed and an over-

lighting arrangement results in the organization overspending. On a small scale, this difference is

not noticeable, but in large buildings, plants, factories, and so on, it becomes very significant in

today's electrical wiring installations.

The intensity of light per unit area is referred to as illumination. When we talk about

illumination, or simply lighting, we are referring to lighting systems. Since excellent daylight is

not included, we assume a nighttime condition.

Illumination Design Calculation is the production of light using electricity and its

applications to provide efficient, comfortable, and safe vision. Lighting design, in particular,

refers to only two things: the quantity and quality of light.

The goal of lighting calculations, whether done in terms of foot-candles or lux, is to

determine the average illumination in a room at a condition enabling environment to production

efficiency.

The following formula is used to calculate the total number of luminaires required to

produce a given illuminance using the lumen method:

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 Total number of luminaires (N) required to provide a chosen level of illumination

(Illuminance) at a given surface is .

The simple and basic approach for calculating the lighting requirement is to divide the

total light requirement of the room by light output (lumen) provided by a single lamp. Although

this is the basic approach for an average household room, but it’s not practically accurate.

In practical there are several other parameters which are necessary to be considered in the

calculation because nothings Ideal. For example, the luminary’s lumen output won’t be the same

throughout the entire life span, dust deposition on lamps will also reduce their output over time

which means cleanliness is also an important parameter. A bright painted room reflects more

light than a dark colored room so they both have different lighting requirements.

A light fixture, also known as a luminaire, is made up of the light source, power supply,

optical system, and housing. Historically, incandescent bulbs were the most common type of

light source. Many new designs today make use of LEDs or other more energy-efficient sources.

An accurate model of the light source is one of the most important factors in designing an

illumination system. These models, such as those in the Edge source catalog, should include both

the device's physical properties and its radiometric output. Components of the optical system

include lenses and mirrors, as well as light pipes, diffusers, and baffles. The optical system

reshapes the energy output from the source to create the desired light distribution at a specific

location.

Lighting calculations are performed during the design process to obtain information about

lighting system performance. A designer can use the results of calculations to choose between

design alternatives or to refine a particular design. Lighting calculations are mathematical models

of the complex physical processes that occur within a lighted space. Since these models can

never be accurate in every detail, the computations are approximations of real

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 On this study the IESNA Lighting Handbook 9th Edition was used in illumination

calculations.

Average maintained illuminance for different room classifications shall be:

ROOM (COMMERCIAL) LUX

Office 1 250

Office 2 250

Office 3 250

Conference 300

Kitchen 250

Warehouse 250

Roof Deck 250

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Average maintained illuminance for different room classifications shall be:

ROOM (INDUSTRIAL) LUX

Store 300

Office Entrance 200

Prayer 200

Dining 250

Locker 250

Office 300

Meeting 300

Compressor 300

Gas Cylinder Storage 300

Brazing Room 300

Paint 300

Lab 300

Office 300

MPI 300

Pressure Test 300

Rubber 300
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 Crane 1 #16 800

Crane 2 #17 900

Crane 3 #18 900

Crane 4 #19 900

The electrical design / Electrical plan is also known as an electrical drawing or a wiring

diagram. It is a type of technical drawing that provides graphical representation of circuits and

electrical systems. It is made up of electrical symbols and lines that show the client the engineer's

electrical design. In a simple term, an electrical plan describes the location of all electrical

equipment.

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 GENERAL NOTES AND SPECIFICATION:

1. All electrical works shall be safe and done in good workmanship, and in accordance with the

latest edition of the Philippine Electrical Code and the requirements of the utility company.

2. All electrical system scope of work shall be done by a licensed electrical contractor. All works

shall be executed by experienced electricians under the supervision of licensed electrical

engineer.

3.Electrical system preliminaries, permits, including legal fees, shall be included to the electrical

contractor scope.

4.Normal electrical service shall be 230 volts, 60 HZ, single phase. Tapping point should be

coordinated in site.

5.All materials shall be new and shall conform with internationally recognized standards.

Materials shall only be installed in application for which they are intended.

6.All metallic conduits, cabinet and equipment shall be properly grounded and bonded.

7.Low voltage wires and cables shall be made with copper conductors and rated 600v nominal

wires shall be thhn/thwn for use in conduit. Minimum size of wire shall be 2.0mm diameter solid

(12awg solid) for street lights or as indicated in the load schedule.

All wires and cables shall be color coded as follows:

Line 1 - black

Line 2 - red

Ground - green

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8.Wire splices shall be only be allowed from sizes 3.5 mm² up to 8.0mm² using twist lock

connector or approved equal. In excess of these sizes, use crimp type terminal lugs with

approved dies and hydraulic crimpers.

9.Submit complete shop drawing of all panel boards based from the load schedule for approval

of the designing engineer prior to fabrication of approved panel board fabricator. Only one brand

of circuit breaker shall be used.

10.Wall switches shall be rated 15 amperes, 250 bolts tumbler type and convenience outlets shall

be of grounding type three-wire, 250 volts or as indicated on the plans and specifications.

Convenience outlets and switches shall be "quick - connect" type.

11.Mounting heights of devices shall be as approved by architect or as follows:

Panel board: 1800mm above finished floor to top of panel

Wall switches: 1300mm above the finished floor to center of device

Convenience outlet: 300mm above finished floor to center of device or

150mm above working counter to center of device

12. There shall be adequate and effective equipment grounding. The ground electrode size,

conductor sizes, shall be as indicated in the drawings. Ground resistance for electrical and

communication systems shall not be more than 5 ohms. Additional grounding rods are required if

ground resistance exceed 5 ohms.

13. Upon completion of electrical works, the following tests shall be performed by the

electrical contractor inclusive of the installation to be reported in details on forms approved by

the owner's representative:

a. Insulation tests

b. Ground resistance tests

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 c. Operational tests

Submit testing methodology before the testing and test report after the testing to the

engineer for review/approval.

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