So far, we have discussed.., * World Health Organization (WHO) * United Nations Environnent Programme (UNEP) > U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) » Enforcement Agencies in India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) Pollution Control Boards oie | n Tribunal (NGT)Air pollutants ¢ Primary Air pollutants Substances directly emitted from a process, such as the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories, Secondary pollutants These are not emitted directly, Rather, they fromiin the air when rimary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a b a cteeecealliitant is ground level ozone.Impacts of air pollution A "Pyramid of Effects" {rom Air Pollution * Climate System * Health ° Economy « Environment Ecosystem e Forestry « Agriculture Magninde of lenpactsMagnitude of impacts Thousands Tens of Thousands Millions a auree Hospital admissions Lost work days, School absences ocala Medication use rity inflammation Proportion of population affected $9204 3 JO ApaAIgCriteria for standardized index * Inctudes majer pollutants * Calculated in simple manner * Consssten with perceived ar pollution levels * EXND day to day variation * Relate to episode criteria * Based on reasonable scientific basis + Easily understood by publicMitigations Sustainable Development International conventions and Treaties National and International funds, Eco-Conversion New technologies, recycling Lower combustion Lower transboundary amicciAnsAir Quality Standards * An air quality standard is the maximum level of atmospheric pollution allowed at one time ina geographical area, ° These are designed to set limi allowed in the air and to fore stop. ts on the amount of pollution e those who pollute the air toCriteria for standardize index + Includes major pollutants + Calculated in simple manner » Content ih perceived a polton eels + Exhibit day to day variation + Relate o encode crea + Based on reasonable sclntfc ass + fasl understood by publNational Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) + National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are standards foul quality that are set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) ¢ These standards are essential for the development of effective management of ambient air quality. ¢ The first ambient air quality standards were developed in 1982 pursuant to the Air Act. « Later, in 1994 and 1998, these standards were revised. The 2009 standards further lowered the maximum permissible limits for pollutants and made the standards uniform across the nationPollutants Measured in NAAQS The current standards (2009) comprise 12 pollutants as follows; * Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) * Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) * Sulphur Dioxide (S02) + Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ozone (03) Ammonia (NH3) Lead (Pb) Benzene Benzopyrene Arsenic NickelNAAQS (2009) Snes Industrlal, Ecologically Senaltive Residential, Rural, Area (notifled by a and Other Areas Central Government) TOTES C5 50 20 Tin Annual 24 hours 2a 2 Annual 24 hours ao a UO oni) Nor x0 so born nce 60 6o nual 24 hours POC tend 4 100 tos ened DOU To etreatcr icy 40 po Annual 24 hours 0 Gaara 60 HLT ie ne CTD Nie 8 hours | hour nt 180 050 950 Annual 24 hours ries Lo 2 02 & hours 1 hour a of 100 100 Annual 24 hours 406, 400 Annual os oe o1 i 06 & 20