Primary Five Science Practical

Contents

Chapter 1 Investigating plant growth

Activity 1 What’s inside a seed? 3
Activity 2 Observe a seed 4
Activity 3 Do seeds need air to germinate? 5
Activity 4 Find a pattern and make a prediction 6
Activity 5 How many seeds? 8
Activity 6 Investigating the effect of light on plant growth 10

Chapter 2 The life cycle of flowering plants

Activity 1 Investigating the parts of a flower 12
Activity 2 Look for patterns and make a prediction about flowers 15
Activity 3 How does overcrowding affect plant growth? 17
Activity 4 Seed dispersal through wind 19
Activity 5 Hitching a ride 21
Activity 6 How do non-flowering plants reproduce? 23

Chapter 3 States of matter

Activity 1 Can you get the salt back? 24
Activity 2 Turn salt water into drinking water 26
Activity 3 Does the container affect evaporation? 28
Activity 4 Can you pick up ice with a piece of string? 29

Chapter 4 The way we see things

Activity 1 How light travels 30
Activity 2 Making a periscope 32
Activity 3 Seeing what is on your back 33
Activity 4 Which surfaces reflect light best? 34
Activity 5 Measuring angles and reflections 37
Activity 6 Disappearing coin trick 39
Activity 7 How to make a magnifying glass 40
Activity 8 Magic breaking pencil 41
Activity 9 Creating a color wheel ( Newton’s Disc) 43

1
Chapter 5 Shadows
Activity 1 Which materials let light through? 44
Activity 2 Which packaging materials let light through? 46
Activity 3 Make a shadow puppet show 47
Activity 4 What affects the size of a shadow? 48
Activity 5 Investigating the length of a shadow at different 50
times of day

Chapter 6 Earth’s movement

Activity 1 How to make a globe 52
Activity 2 Make a model of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon 53

2
 Chapter – 1

Investigating plant growth

Activity 1: What’s inside a seed?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will practise the skills of observation and drawing.

Look carefully at the seed with the hand lens. You will need:
Find the seed coat and the scar where the seed . a fresh seed
was joined to the fruit. . a hand lens

1 Make a neat drawing of the outside of the seed.

Label your drawing.

Use your fingernails to pull the outer covering of the seed. Pull the two halves
of the seed apart. Find the embryo inside the seed. Find the seed’s food store.

2 Draw and label the inside parts of the seed.

3
Activity 2 : Observe a seed

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will investigate what happens when water enters the seed.

You will need:

. a bean seed
. a saucer of water

Soak a bean seed in water overnight.

1 Predict how the seed will change overnight.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Observe the seed the next day and write down any changes that you see.

2 How did the seed change overnight?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

3 Was your prediction correct?

____________________________________________________________

4 Explain why the changes happen.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

5 Where do you think the water entered the seed?

____________________________________________________________

6 Give a reason for your answer.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4
Activity 3 : Do seeds need air to germinate?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will investigate how seeds need air for germination.

You will need:

. 10 small seeds
. four paper towels
. some water
. two saucers
. two small plastic bags
. two bag ties
. a drinking straw

Place 5 seeds on a moist paper towel on each saucer.

Cover both saucers with moist paper towels.

Place one saucer in each bag.

Use the straw to suck all the air out of one bag.

Quickly close it with a bag tie.

Close the other bag, leaving air inside it.

Leave both bags in a warm place for two days, then remove the seeds from
the bags and observe them.

1 Which seeds germinate?

____________________________________________________________

2 Suggest a reason for this.

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

5
Activity 4 : Find a pattern and make a prediction

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will use your knowledge of fruits and seeds to answer the
questions.

You will need :

. four different fruits

Investigate the given fruits and their seeds. Draw the pictures of fruits with
their seeds.

1 Which fruit has the largest seeds?

_______________________________________________________

2 Which fruit has the smallest seeds?

_______________________________________________________

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3 Which fruit has the most seeds?
_______________________________________________________

4 Which fruit has the fewest seeds?

_______________________________________________________

5 What pattern can you see in the results?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

6 Do you have enough evidence to form a conclusion from the results?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

7 A certain fruit has six seeds. Predict the size of the seeds.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

7
Activity 5 : How many seeds?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will count seeds and draw a bar chart.

You will need:

. four different fruits

Investigate the given fruits and their seeds.

1 Draw the pictures of fruits with their seeds.

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2 Count the seeds you can see in each fruit. Record your answer in the
table.

Fruit Number of seeds

3 Draw a bar chart of your findings.

4 Will the fruits shown always have the same number of seeds?

5 How can you find out?

9
Activity 6 : Investigating the effect of light on plant growth

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will know that plants need energy from light to grow.

You will need:

. two similar pot plants
. a dark cupboard
. some water
. a measuring cylinder
. a measuring tape

Measure and record the height of the two plants.

Water both plants with the same amount of water.

Look at the pictures what to do.

Predict how well you think the two plants will grow.

1 Write down your prediction.

_
_

10
Water both plants with the same amount of water every day.

Observe the plants once a week for three weeks.

Record the height and appearance in a table each time you observe them.

Date : Date : Date :

Plant A Plant B Plant A Plant B Plant A Plant B

Height in
cm

Number of
leaves

Colour of
stem and
leaves

General
appearance

11
 Chapter – 2
The life cycle of flowering plants

Activity 1: Investigating the parts of a flower

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will investigate the parts of a flower.

You will need:

. a flower
. a hand lens
. tweezers
. a knife

1 Look at the flower. What colour is it?

________________________________________________________

2 Count the cloloured parts. What are they called?

________________________________________________________

3 Are these parts separate or joined?

________________________________________________________

4 Find the little green parts that looked like leaves at the base of the
flower. How many are there?
________________________________________________________

5 Look inside the flower. This is where you find the male and female
parts. Count the little thin stalks. How many stalks have yellow,
white or brown tips?
________________________________________________________

6 Touch their tips gently. What do you notice on your fingers?

________________________________________________________

12
7 Look for a single stalk in the centre of the flower that looks different.
Touch the tip. How does it feel?
________________________________________________________

8 Draw the flower and label its parts; petals, sepals and stamens.

9 Count and record the number of petals, sepals and stamens.

Petals : ______
Sepals : ______
Stamens : ______

10 Can you see a pattern?

________________________________________________________

13
Now carefully pull off the petals and sepals with the tweezers.
Use the hand lens to look at the stamens and the carpel.

11 Make a labelled drawing of a stamen.

Slice the stigma down the middle with a knife to open the ovary.

12 What do you see inside the ovary?

______________________________________________________

13 Make a labelled drawing of the carpel.

14
Activity 2: Look for patterns and make a prediction about
flowers

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will look for patterns in the number of flower parts and
make predictions about them.

You will need:

. different kinds of flowers

Observe and count the parts of different flowers. Then record your results in
the table.

Flower Number of Number of Number of Number of

sepals petals stamens stigmas

1 Do all the flowers contain the same number of sepals, petals,

stamens and stigmas?
________________________________________________________

2 What pattern do you notice in the numbers of sepals and petals?

________________________________________________________

3 What pattern do you notice in the numbers of petals and stamens?

________________________________________________________

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4 What do you notice about the numbers of stigmas?
________________________________________________________

5 A flower has eight sepals. Predict the number of petals and stamens
that the flower could have.
________________________________________________________

6 a What two conclusions can you form from the results?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

b How can you make sure that your conclusions are correct?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

16
Activity 3 : How does overcrowding affect plant growth?
Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will investigate how overcrowding affects plant

growth.

You will need:

. two polystyrene cups
. some soil
. some bean seeds

Plant a few seeds in cup A and many in cup B.

Keep the variables the same to ensure that your test is fair.

1 Write down some variables that you must keep the same.

Observe the plants after 1 week.

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2 Record the differences between the 2 cups of plants.

Plants in cup A Plants in cup B

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

________________________________ ________________________________

3 Conclude your observation.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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Activity 4: Seed dispersal through wind

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will investigate how seeds with wings disperse.

You will need:

. two angsana fruits
. scissors
. a measuring tape

Examine an angsana fruit.

1 Draw it in the box below. Draw an arrow to point to where the seeds
are located.

Observe the wing-like structure of the fruit.

2 Describe it.
________________________________________________________

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Plan a fair test that an angsana fruit would make a difference the way it
dispersed if its wing-like structure is cut off.

Record your findings in the table below.

Aim

What we did

What we
measured

Our conclusion

20
Activity 5: Hitching a ride

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you are going to find out how you can collect seeds on your
socks.

You will need:

. a stalk of love grass
. a mimosa fruit
. a hand lens

Brush a stalk of love grass fruits against one of your socks.

1 What did you observe?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Examine a love grass fruit with a hand lens.

2 Draw it in the box. Draw an arrow to point to the part that sticks to your
sock.

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Examine a mimosa fruit.

3 Which part of the fruit helps it to stick onto the fur of animals?
____________________________________________________________

4 Feel that part and describe it.

____________________________________________________________

5 Draw the mimosa fruit in the box.

22
Activity 6 : How do non-flowering plants reproduce?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will find out what non-flowering plants have for
reproduction.

You will need:

. a fern leaf
. a hand lens

Use a hand lens to observe the underside of a fern leaf.

1 Draw the leaf in the box below to show where the spore bags are.
Label your drawing.

2 What are inside the spore bags?

____________________________________________________________

3 What are spores for?

_____________________________________________________________

23
 Chapter – 3

States of matter

Activity 1 : Can you get the salt back?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will use your knowledge of evaporation to get solid salt
from a salt solution.

You will need:

. salt
. water
. a small container
. a measuring jug
. a teaspoon
. an alcohol burner

Taste a bit of the salt.

Make a salt solution from 5ml of salt and 50ml of water.

1 Predict what will happen when you evaporate a salt solution.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2 Give a reason for your prediction.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Heat the salt solution over a fire.

Observe the changes. Time how
long it takes for the solution to
dry up. When it begins to dry, turn
down the flame and continue heating
until it dries up. Then turn off the
flame.

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Use a spoon to scrape off what
is left in the dish.

Taste a bit of it.

3 What changes did you observe during the heating?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4 How long did it take for the solution to dry up?

____________________________________________________________

5 Describe what you scraped off in the dish?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

6 Did it have the same taste as the salt before it was dissolved?
____________________________________________________________

7 What did you find out from this experiment?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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Activity 2 : Turn salt water into drinking water

Date: …………………….

Obtaining enough fresh water to drink can be a challenge in some places

throughout the world. Scientists are working on ways to turn salt water from
the ocean into fresh water.

In this activity, you’ll get to transform salt water into fresh water on your
own!

You will need:

. some hot water
. some salt
. a plastic bag
. a jam jar
. a small bucket
. an elastic band

Pour some hot water into the bucket, add in the salt, and stir until it has
dissolved.

Put the jam jar into the bucket without letting any salt water get into it.

Cover the bucket with the plastic bag and hold the bag in place with
the elastic band.

Don’t pull the bag tight across the top of the bucket- it must sag a bit in
the middle.

Observe the setup.

1 What do you see underneath the plastic?

__________________________________________________________

2 What do you collect in the jam jar?

__________________________________________________________

26
3 Explain how it works to give you fresh water.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

27
Activity 3 : Does the container affect evaporation?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will identify factors that affect evaporation.

You will need:

. a measuring cup
. two containers with different size openings
. an alcohol burner or Bunsen burner

Measure _____ml of water and pour it into one container.

Repeat this with another container.
Boil the water in both containers.
Observe what happens when the water gets hotter.

Safety Boiling water can be dangerous.

Both the water and the steam can burn you badly.

Observe the water level.

When you have a new water level, stop boiling the water.
Record your results in the table.

Container Volume of water Volume of Volume of water

at start in ml water after evaporated in ml
boiling
with small
open surface
with larger
open surface

1 Has the amount of water gone down in the containers?

____________________________________________________________
2 What happened to the missing water?
____________________________________________________________
3 What conclusion can you draw from these results?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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Activity 4 : Can you pick up ice with a piece of thread?

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will notice that the temperature changes when salt
interacts with ice.

You will need:

. ice cubes
. salt
. a glass
. some water
. a piece of thread
. scissors

Fill the glass to the top with water.

Cut a piece of thread around 20 centimeters long.
Place an ice cube in the water. It will float.
Lay the thread across the ice cube and glass.
Cover ice cube and thread with a layer of salt.
Leave for one minute.
Carefully pick up the ends of the thread.

1 Can you pick up an ice cube?

____________________________________________________________
2 Can you explain why this happens?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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 Chapter – 4

The Way We See Things

Activity 1 : How light travels

Date: …………………….

In this activity, you will discover how light travels.

You will need:

. 3 index cards
. small piece of modeling clay or sticky tack
. flashlight
. hole punch
. ruler

1 For each index card, use a ruler to draw lines connecting opposite corners
of the card.

2 At the intersection of the two lines, use a hole punch to punch a hole in
the center of the index cards.

3 For each card, use a small piece of modeling clay and place the card into
the clay to create a "stand" for the card. Place the cards so that they stand
vertically and at an equal distance from each other. See Diagram.

30
4 Place the flashlight at one end of the row of index cards and turn off the
light in the room.

5 Arrange the index cards so that light can be seen through all the holes.

6 Observe and record your observations.

a How can light be seen through all the index cards?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

b What does the experiment prove about the path light travels?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

31
Activity 2 : Making a periscope

Date : …………………….

In this activity, you will make a periscope that allows you to see over the top
of something.
You will need:
. an empty carton such as a milk carton or fruit juice carton, as tall as
possible
. two small mirrors the same width as the carton
. a ruler
. a pencil
. a sharp knife
. a sticky tape
. scissors

1 Cut two slits in the carton as shown in

the diagram. The slits must be big
enough to put the mirrors through. The
slits must match on the opposite sides
of the carton.

2 Cut two windows, the same size as the

mirrors, in the carton as shown in the
diagram.

3 Slide two mirrors into the slits.

The shiny sides of the mirrors
must face each other.

4 Try your periscope. Look through

the hole at the bottom mirror and
you should see something higher up.

a How does a periscope work?

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

32
Activity 3 : Seeing what is on your back?

Date : …………………….

This worksheet relates to Activity 4.3 in the Learner’s Book.

You will need:

. sticky notes
. small mirrors

Draw a picture of something on a sticky note without your partner seeing

what you draw.

Stick it on your partner’s back and ask them what the object in the drawing is.

Give your partner two mirrors.

They should hold one mirror in front of them and tilt the other mirror in
different ways behind them until they can see the picture on their back.

Discuss the way the light travelled.

1 How did the mirror help your partner to see behind him/her?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

33
Activity 4 : Which surfaces reflect light best?

Date : …………………….

This worksheet relates to Activity 4.3 in the Learner’s Book.

You will need :

. a steel tray
. a mirror
. a sheet of copper
. a piece of wood
. a ceramic tile
. a sheet of tin
. a sheet of aluminium foil
. a sheet of bronze

Observe the things for your investigation and predict which surfaces you think
will reflect light the best. Rate the surfaces beginning with the surface you
think will reflect light best.

My prediction : 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

34
Plan and carry out a fair test to see if your prediction was correct.
Use this table to record the results of your investigation to find out how well
different surfaces reflect light.

Saw my Saw a Saw a Saw no

Surface reflection fairly good poor reflection
perfectly reflection reflection

35
Make a bar chart to record the results of your investigation to find out how
well different surfaces reflect light. Draw a bar of surfaces that did each of the
following.

1 give a perfect reflection

2 gave a fairly good reflection
3 gave a poor reflection
4 give no reflection

36
Activity 5 : Measuring angles and reflections
Date : …………………….

This investigation helps you to use mirrors accurately and think about light
and reflection.

You will need :

. a protractor
. a coin
. two small mirrors

Place the protractor flat on the table. Place the coin at the centre where
all the lines meet.

Hold the two small mirrors upright on the lines marked with a ‘1’ . These
mirrors are at an angle of 180◦ to each other.

37
Look in the mirrors and count how many times the coin is reflected and
record this time in the table.

Move the mirrors onto the line marked with a ‘2’ and count the number of
reflections, recording this in the table. This time the mirrors were at an
angle of 160◦ to each other.

Repeat the process, making the angle between the mirrors smaller each
time, until the two mirrors are on the lines marked with a ‘7’ and at an
angle of 60◦ to each other.

1 What is happening to the number of reflection as the angle of the mirrors

is reduced?

_____________________________________________________________

2 Can you explain why this happens?

_____________________________________________________________

3 What is happening to the light?

_____________________________________________________________

38
Activity 6 : Disappearing coin trick
Date : …………………….

You will be investigating how light refracts.

You will need:

. two coins
. two glasses
. some water

Put a coin under a glass and fill it with water. Mark the glass A.

Put another coin into another glass and fill it with water. Mark the glass B.

Observe what happens to the coin under glass A and the coin in glass B.

1 Can you see the coin under glass A?

___________________________________________________________

2 What happens to the size of the coin in glass B?

___________________________________________________________

3 What could you say about the light in both cases?

___________________________________________________________

4 How does the light travel through the different media from the air?
___________________________________________________________

39
Activity 7 : How to make a magnifying glass

Date : …………………….

In this activity, you are going to make a magnifying glass.

You will need:

. a clear plastic bottle
. a dry marker
. scissors
. water

1 Draw a circle shape at the neck of the bottle. It needs to be a disc shape
when you cut it out.

2 Cut it out.

3 Pour a little water into the disc.

4 Hold it over your book or paper to read the letters.

a How do the letters look?

b Can you explain why this happens?

40
Activity 8 : Magic breaking pencil

Date : …………………….

This is an activity to demonstrate how light wave works when it travels

through a different medium.

You will need :

. a pencil
. vegetable oil
. glass
. water

Fill a glass half with water and half with oil.

Lower the pencil in the water, then slowly rotate it until it looks broken from
the side.

a Can you explain why this happens?

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

41
Activity 9 : Creating a color wheel ( Newton’s Disc)
Date : …………………….
In this activity, you are going to create a colour wheel and spin it very fast.

You will need:

. a piece of cardboard
. glue
. tape
. scissors
. hole punch
. a ruler
. a pencil
. a coloring source

1 Draw a circle on the cardboard and cut it out.

2 Divide the circle into seven equal triangles. Use the ruler and pencil to
make the lines on the circle.

3 Color each of the seven sections a different color. Start at the top of the
circle and work clockwise. Color the sections in with the following colors in
this order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

4 Fasten the disc to the pencil. You will need to punch a hole in the middle
of the disc. Slide the disc onto pencil. This will give you a way to hold the
disc and spin it rapidly.

5 Hold the disc in place. Put tape around the pencil an inch above and below
the disc. This will prevent the wheel from wobbling off of the pencil as it
spins. This way, you can spin the disc faster without it flying off of the
pencil.

6 Spin the disc around the pencil. At first you will see the colors quickly
spinning. As you spin the disc faster, you will start to see the colors
blending, and they will blend together and appear white. If you aren’t
seeing this happen, try spinning the disc even faster.

42
7 Adjust your technique. If you are still able to see most colors, try

spinning the wheel faster. Be aware that you may not see a perfectly

white wheel. You are trying to spin the wheel faster than your eyes can

process the colors.

a Can you see white light when you spin the wheel very fast?

___________________________________________________________

43
 Chapter – 5

Shadows

Activity 1: Which materials let light through?

Date: …………………….

This worksheet relates to Activity 5.2 in the Learner’s Book.

You will need :

. a strong light
. a screen
. 6 objects made of different materials

Here is the shade key.

1 2 3 4 5

Transparent materials give shade 1 or no shadow. Opaque materials give

shade 5 or total shadow. Translucent materials give partial shadows with
shades 2, 3 or 4.

Predict the amount of shadow each material will produce when you shine a
light. Use the shade key and fill in the table to record your predictions.

Material Shade Opaque Translucent Transparent

number

44
Plan and carry out a fair test. Use the table to present your results.

Material Shade Opaque Translucent Transparent

number

Draw a bar for the number of materials that were transparent, translucent
and opaque.

45
Activity 2: Which packaging materials let light through?

Date: …………………….

You will be investigating packaging materials.

Packaging around food products uses opaque, translucent and transparent

materials. Some products come in clear glass bottles, some in tinted glass,
some come in clear plastic containers, some wrapped in plastic or in
cardboard boxes.

What packaging materials are used for these food products?

olive oil flour
biscuits vegetables
tomato sauce

Fill in this table with the results of your investigating.

Product Materials Is it Why do you think

used for transparent, this type of
packaging translucent or packaging is used?
opaque?

46
Activity 3 : Make a shadow puppet show

Date: …………………….

This worksheet relates to Activity 5.3 in the Learner’s Book.

You will need:

. some cardboard
. some bamboo sticks
. some scissors
. a hole punch
. some masking tape
. a strong light source
. a screen

What story are you going to tell?

Decide what puppets you need to make.

Sketch the shapes. Then trace the shapes onto the cardboard and cut them
out with the scissors.

Use a hole punch to make eyes and decoration holes.

Fasten sticks to the backs of your puppets with masking tape.

Practice acting out the story with your shadow puppet.

Present your shadow puppet show to the class.

47
Activity 4 : What affects the size of a shadow?

Date: …………………….

This worksheet relates to Activity 5.4 in the Learner’s Book.

Set up the light source and the screen ______ cm apart. The distance
between light source and the screen is a factor in your investigation.
You are not going to change this distance, so we call this the controlled
factor. The other factor is the distance between the shadow puppet and the
light source. You are going to change this.

Stick a piece of masking tape on the floor between the screen and the light
source. Mark off the distance every _____ cm from the light source towards
the screen for a distance of ______ m. Mark off these distances on the
masking tape with a black pen.

Stand at each marked distance. Hold your puppet up so that the light makes a
shadow of your puppet on the screen. At each distance, your partner must
measure the height of the puppet on the screen and record it.

Use the table to record the measurements you make.

Fill in the distance of the puppet from the light source in the first
column.

Fill in the first set of measurements for the height of the puppet shadow in
the second column.

Fill in the second set of measurements for the height of the puppet shadow in
the third column.

Take the average result and fill in the fourth column.

48
Distance of Height of puppet Height of puppet Average result
puppet from light shadow ( 1st shadow ( 2nd
source in cm measurement) measurement)
in cm in cm

Present your results in a bar line chart.

Distance of puppet from light shadows in cm

49
Activity 5 : Investigating the length of a shadow at different
times of day

Date: .........................

This worksheet relates to Activity 5.5 in the Learner's Book.

You will need:

a sunny day
a straight stick about 20 cm high
a sheet of white paper 1 m x 80 me
some modelling clay
four stones
a ruler
a marker pen

Choose a place in full sunlight (where there

are no shadows nearby ) to set up your
shadow stick. Push the stick into the
ground or stick it upright with
modelling clay. Set up your
paper and shadow stick like
-
. (09:00)
this at 09:00.

You will see that a shadow of the stick falls on the paper. Mark the end of the
shadow on the paper with a marker pen and write the time beside the mark.
Go outside every hour and mark the end of the shadow and the time. Also
observe where the Sun is in the sky each time.

At the end of the afternoon, take the

stick down and bring the paper inside. stick
The shadow stick paper is like this.

Join the dots you made for the ends of the shadows to the hole where the
stick was. These are your shadow lines. Measure the length of each shadow
line with a ruler. Record the lengths of the shadows in a table alongside the
times. Repeat this experiment. over several days, using a different sheet of
paper each day.

50
Use this table to record your shadow stick measurements.

Day 1 Length of Day 2 Length of Day 3 Length of

shadow shadow shadow

09:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

51
 Chapter – 6

Earth’s movements

Activity 1 : How to make a globe

Date: …………………….
In this activity, you are going to make a globe with a ball.

You will need:

. a ball
. a metal wire
. pliers
. a bottle cap
. a burning candle
1 First, grab the metal wire and the pliers. Make a hook on one end with a
flat bottom. Like a U shape but with one short side.

2 Then, heat up the tip of the other wire and create 2 holes at opposite ends
of ball with the heated tip of the wire.

3 Next, insert the hooked wire into one of the holes in the ball.

4 After inserting the wire, start bending it to slightly go around the ball.
C shape.

5 Use the other wire and heat the tip again. Use it to make 2 holes on the
sides of the bottle cap.

6 Insert the bottle cap on the other end of the wire so that it ends on the
bottom part of the ball.

7 Finally, insert the remaining end of the metal wire into the other hole of
the ball.

8 Lastly, paint your globe.

a How does the Earth move in relation to the Sun?

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Activity 2 : Make a model of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon

Date: …………………….

1 Cut out three different sizes of circles. You will need:

Use the biggest circle for the Sun,
the medium circle for the Earth and
the smallest one for the Moon.
2 Colour the Sun yellow, colour the Earth
blue and green and leave the Moon white.
3 Cut out two strips of card about 2 cm
wide. One of the strips must be about
20 cm long and the other about 12 cm long.
. a sheet of cardboard for cutting
out three different circles.
. yellow, blue and green paint
. scissors
. three metal paper connectors
. white card
. a pair of compasses for
drawing circles

4 Connect one end of the short strip to the

centre of the back of the Moon using a pin.

5 Connect the other end of that strip to the

centre of the Earth.

6 Connect one end of the long strip to the

centre of the back of the Earth with the pin.

7 Connect the other end of that long strip to

the centre of the Sun.

8 Now make the Moon revolve around the Earth and the Earth revolve
around the Sun.

a How do we call when the Moon is in between the Earth and the Sun?

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b What will happen when the Earth is in between the Sun and the Moon?

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