P-N Junction diode
The p-n junction, which is formed when The diode consists of a special, heavily doped
the p-type and n-type p-n junction, designed to conduct in the
semiconductors are joined, is called as p-n reverse direction when a certain specified
junction diode
The function of the varactor diode is to
store charges, so it is always operated in
reverse bias conditions. When a forward
bias voltage is applied, the electric current
flows
I-V Characteristics of P-N junction diode
Diodes are used in clamping circuits for DC
restoration.
Diodes are used in clipping circuits for wave
shaping.
Diodes are used in voltage multipliers.
Diodes are used as switch in digital logic circuits
used in computers.
Zener diode Light emiting diode(LED) Photo diode Varactor diode
Light emitting diodes are made from a very thin layer of fairly The photodiode is made up of two layers of P-type and N-type A Varactor Diode consists of p-type and n-type
heavily doped semiconductor material and depending on the semiconductor, the P-type material is formed from diffusion of the lightly semiconductor layers sandwiched together, with the n-type
semiconductor material used and the amount of doping, doped P-type substrate. Thus, the layer of P+ ions is formed due to the layer attached to a mesa (table-shaped) structure. A gold
when forward biased an LED will emit a coloured light at a diffusion process. And N-type epitaxial layer is grown on N-type substrate plated molybdenum stud is connected to n-type layer via
voltage is reached. particular spectral wavelength. he front area of the diode is divided into two types that are active surface
the mesa structure and it acts as cathode terminal.
and non-active surface. The non-active surface is made up of SiO2 (Silicon
di Oxide) and the active surface is coated with anti-reflection material
A Zener diode operates just like a normal diode when it A light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor It works on the principle of the photoelectric effect. The operating A varactor diode is a reverse-biased junction diode whose
is forward-biased,When the reverse bias is applied light source. It is a p–n junction diode that emits light principle of the photodiode is such that when the junction of this mode of operation depends on its capacitance.
across the diode and when the Zener voltage is equal to when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to two terminal semiconductor device is illuminated then the electric When a p-n junction diode is reverse biased, the depletion
that of the supplied voltage, the diode starts conducting the leads, electrons are able to recombine with current starts flowing through it. Only majority current flows region acts as a capacitor dielectric.
in the direction of reverse bias. The Zener diode voltage electron holes within the device, releasing energy in through the device when the certain reverse potential is applied to In addition to this, under the reverse biased condition on
is the particular voltage at which the depletion region the form of photons. This effect is called it. either side of the depletion region, the resistance of the p
vanishes completely. electroluminescence, and the color of the light and n region gets reduced and acts like the plates of
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is parallel plate capacitor
determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor.
I-V Characteristics of zener diode I-V Characteristics of light emitting diode I-V Characteristics of photodiode I-V Characteristics of varactor diode
Picture phones , digital watches,
As a voltage regulator,
Camera flashes , automotive lamps, Light Meters , Headlight Dimmer, Optical They are used in the RF design arena,FR filters –
Protects from overvoltage,
Aviation lighting, Communications,Fiber Optic Links,Optical Remote Tuning filters using varactor diodes is
Used in clipping circuits,
Digital computers , calculators ,7segment Control,Bar Code Scanner,Position Sensors possible,oltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs)
Used to shift voltage,
display