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Study and Analysis of Types of Foundation and Design Construction
Study and Analysis of Types of Foundation and Design Construction
Study and Analysis of Types of Foundation and Design Construction
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penetration through near surface layers which are likely Separate foundations make this design weak
to change volume due to shrink swell or frost heave. against differential settlement that may affect
the building.
This type of footing is basically used to construct Deep excavations for foundations would require
basements in residential buildings. Spread footing support to prevent caving in.
behaves like an inverted cantilever with load applied in Weak against uplift forces, wind forces and
the upward direction. Builders and civil engineers prefer earthquake forces.
spread footing as it beneficial, as it helps transfer the
load to the ground surface making it an excellent
solution for stabilizing weak soil. Benefits of spread
footing are it reduces the cracking caused by settlement,
cost efficient in design, construction and quality control,
and stabilize the soil around the structural base, less
complicated procedure. Spread footing is further divided
into two sub categories such as
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers It is also known as post foundation. Pier foundation is
building loads to the earth. The depth of the ground in basically a collection of large cylindrical diameter to up
deep foundation is above 3m. This is because; to hold the structure and transfer large super imposed load
construct high rise buildings it is necessary to go deep to the firm strata below. It is placed few feet’s below the
into the ground to provide necessary support to the ground. This is very convenient method as the materials
superstructure and protects it from collapsing. Deep are easily available and the method is easy and requires
foundations are further classified into four sub fewer amounts of materials and labors. It is also very
categories such as: cost efficient. It is preferred in locations where the top
strata consist of decomposed rock overlying strata of
2.2.1 PILE FOUNDATION sound rock.
Pile foundation is type of foundation in which columns of
small cylindrical diameter are driven or cast into the
ground. It is made up of concrete, timber or steel. This
type of foundation is basically used for bridge type of
construction. Pile foundation is done in the areas where
the upper layer of soil is compressible or weak. Pile
foundation is basically used when the soil below the
foundation does not have sufficient bearing capacity to
carry the weight of the structure into deep soil up to
hard strata.
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DISADVANTAGES OF PIER FOUNDATION The origin of word caisson is from a Latin word caspa
which means case or box. Caissons are basically water
Moisture problems and rain accumulation. tight structures build in connection with the excavation
Creaking sagging and bouncy floors. for the foundation of piers, bridges, foreshore protection,
Poor ventilation. abutments in river and lakes dock structure, etc. it can
be made of reinforcement concrete, wood, steel etc. It is
2.2.3 COMPENSATED FOUNDATION used to construct foundation when the depth of the
water level in the river and sea is high. It is build in the
Compensated foundation works on the principle that if areas where the soil contains large boulders, which
the load of the excavated material is equal to the weight obstruct the penetration of piles.
of the building added then no additional stresses is
applied on the soil. It is also called as floating foundation.
Compensated foundation consists of deep basements
which are used to support high rise buildings and
swimming pools, in which large amount of material is
excavated. It is a very convenient method of construction
as it has minimal impact on adjacent structure.
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4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
5. REFERENCES
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