Earth Science

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Outline:
1. Ecosystem Services
2. Types of Solid Waste
3. Methods of Waste Disposal
4. The Resource Cycle
5. Waste Management

Learning Objectives:
After completing the module, the students should be able to:
 describe how people generate different types of waste as they use various materials and resources;
 explain how the different types of waste affect people’s health and the environment; and
 cite ways of reducing the production of waste at home, in school, and around the community.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
 Environment- refers to everything that surrounds a living organism, including physical factors such as air, water,
and soil and biological factors such as living organisms— flora and fauna

 Ecosystem- a community of organisms interacting with each other and with the abiotic or nonliving components
of the environment

 Ecosystem services- refer to the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human survival and quality of
life

Types of Ecosystem Services

1. Support services
- include the cycling of vital nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus— minerals that are essential for
survival and can only be derived in their usable forms through the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles,
respectively.
- may also include the decomposition of organic matter, cycling of water, and production of primary
materials.

2. Provisioning services
- provide the basic needs for survival— air, water, shelter, food and energy.

3. Regulating Services
- benefits obtained by regulating the climate, hazards, and disease through processes such as sequestration
— removal of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and storage in plants

4. Cultural Services
- include nonmaterial benefits such as spiritual enrichment, cultural heritage, recreation, tourism, and the
aesthetic experience that nature provides for humans.
 Earth Science
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

www.pinterest.ph

Human Activities

Human activities such as land use changes, introduction of invasive species, resource exploitation, and
pollution, directly affect the ecosystems. These activities also affect the biodiversity, as well as the quality of soil,
water, and air.
The burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity increases the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere, and is attributed to global warming
Extensive and poorly-managed agricultural activities employed to provide food affect soil quality and create
dead zones in bodies of water due to eutrophication caused by the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus from
fertilizers.

www.techgape.com
 Earth Science
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

Solid waste refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street
sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste (RA 9003).
Furthermore, these are generally made up of objects or particles that accumulate on the site where they are produced.

1. Municipal Waste- materials that people in a community no longer want because they are broken, spoiled, or no
longer useful. These types of waste come from households, commercial establishments, institutions, and some
industrial sources.
2. Agricultural Waste- waste derived from farming and poultry. Too much agricultural waste in the form of
fertilizers is deposited into bodies of water which can cause eutrophication.
3. Industrial Waste- from industrial sources other than mining. It includes a variety of materials such as demolition
waste, scraps from manufacturing processes, and ash from combustion
4. Mining Waste- large amounts of rock and soil removed from extracted valuable ores; mine tailings from grinding
and sorting which are then dumped and stored in ponds near milling site; water pumped from mines that flows
from piles of waste rock or tailings that contain hazardous materials.

wastemanagementreview.com.au

www.colourbox.com

www.eesigroup.com

southernwasteandrecycling.com

METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL

1. Landfill- constructed above an impermeable clay layer that is lined with an impermeable membrane where
every deposit of fresh garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from blowing around. It is the
cheapest and the most convenient method. However, the threat of ground water contamination reduces the use
of this practice.
 Earth Science
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

2. Incineration- involves burning in a controlled manner. During incineration, the waste material being treated
is converted into gas, particles, and heat. These products are later used to generate electricity. These gases
must be treated again to eradicate pollutants before they are released to the atmosphere.
3. Mulch and compost- method of allowing the natural process of decomposition to transform organic materials
into humus-like material called compost. This is one of the simplest methods to dispose waste at homes.
4. Source reduction- refers to the method of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, using, and reusing materials
so that the amount of waste or its toxicity is reduced.
5. Recycling- method of collecting throwaway materials and turning them into useful products.

waste-management-world.com

cindyisenhour.wordpress.com

installitdirect.com

ssnsingapore.org

THE RESOURCE CYCLE

The Resource cycle is the process involving the transformation of a raw material into a usable or consumable product and
its disposal.

Steps:

1. Extraction of resources and raw materials through mining, cultivating, and/or harvesting;
2. The extracted materials are processed;
3. transported;
4. manufactured into new products;
5. delivered to or purchased by consumers;
 Earth Science
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

During these stages, waste can be generated.

These wastes affect Earth’s subsystems— geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere— which provide
the resources and raw materials. Reducing the demand of resources, minimizing waste and recycling and reusing
of materials may help balance the production of resources and disposal of waste.

link.springer.com

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste management in homes, schools, communities, and industries can be done using the waste management hierarchy
of options.
 Earth Science
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

usgbcwm.org

As humans, we have a great responsibility for our planet. Watch the video below and be reminded of this.
Dear Future Generations: Sorry by Prince Ea
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRLJscAlk1M&t=293s

1. Watch the video: Man vs. Earth by Prince Ea https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrzbRZn5Ed4&t=255s

2. Choose a statement from the clip which you think is the main goal of learning this lesson/chapter.
3. Write/copy the statement and explain your answer in three-five sentences.
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References/ Materials:
Leopoldo de Silva, Ph.D. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Earth Science, Commission on Higher Education,C.P. Garcia Ave.,
Diliman, Quezon City

Olivar III, J.T., Rodolfo, R.S. & Cabria, H.B. (2016). Earth Science. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Dear Future Generations: Sorry by Prince Ea

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRLJscAlk1M&t=293s

Man vs. Earth by Prince Ea

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrzbRZn5Ed4&t=255s
 Earth Science
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786; SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268
Email: email@uc-bcf.edu.ph; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph MATHEMATICS
MODULE V
Earth Sci

MODULE ASSESSMENT

Objectives:
Through an infographic poster and presentation, the learners should be able to:
a. describe how people generate different types of waste as they use various materials and resources;
b. explain how the different types of waste affect people’s health and the environment; and
c. cite ways of reducing the production of waste at home, in school, and around the community.

It has come to notice in your barangay that most of the houses are not doing proper waste disposal. As the
head of the Sangguniang Kabataan and as a concern citizen of your community, you are tasked by your barangay
captain to create an infographic that will showcase proper management/disposal of solid waste. The barangay
captain wanted the following to be seen in your infographic poster:

a. Choose one type of solid waste.

 What is this type of solid waste?
 How should this type of solid waste be disposed?
 What are the negative impacts to human if not disposed properly?
 How does this contribute to environment degradation?
b. Infographic mechanics
 Size: 11 inches by 17 inches
 Color: limit to four color schemes
 Font and Font size: freestyle; you may choose according to your taste.

Criteria for Assessing Infographic Poster

Written Work (infographic poster)

Completeness and Resources – 10 points
Relevance and Novelty – 10 points
TOTAL – 20 points

Performance task (Presentation)

Presentation and Q and A– 10 points
Rationale, Content, and Appropriateness – 10 points
Procedure and Media use – 10 points
TOTAL – 30 points