Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Mathematics 7 Quarter 2 Week 9
LESSON 1: SOLVING LINEAR EQUATION AND INEQUALITY IN ONE VARIABLE

Learning Competencies
The learner finds the solution of linear equation or inequality in one variable. (M7AL-IIi-1)

Objectives
The learner finds the solution of linear equation and inequality in one variable.

Recall (Review)
To solve an equation or inequality means finding the value of the variable that will make the open sentence
true. Any value of a variable that will make an equation or inequality true is called solution or root of the equation
or inequality. We can do these by applying any of the properties of equality and inequality.
Try This!
Determine the indicated property illustrated in each statement.
1) 3𝑥 − 5 = 16
3𝑥 − 5 + 5 = 16 + 5 a. ____________________
3𝑥 = 21
1 1
3𝑥 ( ) = 21 ( ) b. ____________________
3 3
𝑥=7
If 𝑥 = 7, then 3(7) − 5 = 16 c. ____________________
16 = 16 d. ____________________
2) 9𝑥 − 4 < 14
9𝑥 − 4 + 4 < 14 + 4 e. ____________________
9𝑥 < 18
1 1
9𝑥 ( ) < 18 ( ) f. ____________________
9 9
𝑥<2

Let’s Understand
❖ Solving Linear Equations in One Variable using Addition Property of Equality (APE)
How do we solve linear equations in one variable using Addition Property of Equality (APE)? Consider the
following simple equations:
a. 𝑥 + 3 = 10 b. 𝑦 − 8 = −5
Using Addition Property of Equality (APE), our goal is to think of a number that can be added on both
sides of the equation to be able to isolate the variable on one side of the equal sign. That is,
𝑥 + 3 = 10
𝑥 + 3 − 3 = 10 − 3 Add −3 on both sides of the equation (APE)
𝑥=7
Check:
𝑥 + 3 = 10
7 + 3 = 10 Substitution Property
10 = 10 Reflexive Property
❖ Solving Linear Equations in One Variable using Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)
Let us recall, Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE). It states that if 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐. That is
multiplying the same number on both sides of the equation in order to isolate the variable on one side of it and be
able to find the value of the unknown or variable.
x
Examples: = −2
7
Solution:
x
= −2
7
x
(7) = −2(7) Multiply 7 on both sides of the equation. (MPE)
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 MATHEMATICS7-QUARTER2-WEEK9
𝑥 = −14
Check:
x
= 3
7
−14
= −2 Substitution Property
7
−2 = −2 Reflexive Property
❖ Solving Other Types of Linear Equations in One Variable
Solving other types of linear equations in one variable may use two or more properties of equality and
properties of real numbers.
Example: Solve the equation 2x – 5 = 3
Solution:
2x – 5 = 3
2x – 5 + 5 = 3 + 5 Add 5 on both sides of the equation. (APE)
2x = 8 Simplify
2𝑥 8 1
= Multiply it by (MPE) or divide both sides of the equation by 2
2 2 2
x= 4
Check:
2x – 5 = 3
2(4) – 5 = 3 Substitution Property
8 –5=3 Simplify
3=3 Reflexive Property

❖ Solving Linear Inequality in One Variable

To find the solution of linear inequality in one variable, we use properties of inequality namely: Addition
Property of Inequality (API) and Multiplication Property of Inequality (MPI)
Example: Solve and graph the solution set of 𝑥 − 3 ≥ −10.
Solution:
𝑥 − 3 ≥ −10
𝑥 − 3 + 3 ≥ −10 + 3 Add 3 on both sides of the inequality symbol (API)
𝑥 ≥ −7
Thus, the solution set is {𝑥|𝑥 > −7}

Let’s Apply
Modified True or False. Write True if the number shown in the parentheses is a solution for the given
equation. Otherwise, write False and give the correct solution.
_____ 1) 𝑥 + 4 = 7 (3) _____ 4) 2𝑥 = 18 (9)
_____ 2) 𝑥 + 10 = −23 (7) _____ 5) −3𝑥 = −24 (−8)
_____ 3) 𝑥 − 8 = −17 (−9)

Let’s Analyze
Solve each of the following equations.
_______ 1) 5𝑥 + 2 = 2𝑥 − 10 _______ 4) 𝑥 − 7 = 2𝑥 + 12
_______ 2) 4𝑥 + 7 = 3𝑥 + 11 _______ 5) 2𝑥 + 8 = −3𝑥 + 1
_______ 3) 5𝑥 = 10𝑥 − 35

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

A. Matching Type. Match each equation or inequality in column A with its solution in column B. Write the letter of
your answer.
A B
1) 𝑥 + 3 = −6 A. 2
2) 3𝑥 = −18 B. −6
𝑥
3) = 6 C. −9
−4
4) 3𝑥 − 4 = 2 D. −24
5) 𝑥 − 10 = −1 E. 9
6) 𝑥 + 3 > −6 F. 𝑥 < −6
7) 10𝑥 ≤ −40 G. 𝑥 > −9

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8) 3𝑥 + 5 < 𝑥 − 7 H. 𝑥 < 3
9) 𝑥 + 12 < 15 I. 𝑥 > 5
10) 3𝑥 − 12 > 3 J. 𝑥 ≤ −4
B. Find the solution of each equation or inequality in one variable.
__________ 1) 6𝑥 − 3 = 15𝑥 + 24 __________ 4) 8𝑥 < 5𝑥 − 12
__________ 2) 2(𝑥 + 7) = −4 __________ 5) 6𝑥 − 1 ≤ 4𝑥 + 5
__________ 3) 9𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥 − 12

LESSON 2: PROBLEMS INVOLVING EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITY IN ONE VARIABLE

Learning Competencies
The learner solves problems involving linear equations and inequality in one variable. (M7AL-lIj-2)

Objectives
The learner solves problems involving linear equations and inequality in one variable.

Recall (Review)
Find the solution of each linear equation or inequality in one variable.
𝑥
_____ 1) 𝑥 − 3 = 4 _____ 2) + 3 = −5 _____ 3) 4𝑥 − 9 ≤ 3𝑥
5

Let’s Understand
What are the different properties of equations? Inequalities? How do we find the solutions in equations or
inequalities in one variable? These are the questions we need answer to be able to solve a problem involving
equation or inequality in one variable.
In solving word problems, one must know how to formulate an equation or inequality based on the given
problem. The following steps can help us in solving a problem.
1) Read the problem carefully.
2) Represent the unknown by using a variable.
3) Form an equation or inequality based on the given in the problem.
4) Solve the equation or inequality.
5) Check the answers.
Example 1: One number is five more than thrice the number. Their sum is 41. Find the numbers.
Solution:
Step 1: By reading the problem carefully, we notice two things:
a.) their sizes: one of them is five more than thrice another.
b.) their sum: the sum is 41.
Step 2: Representation
Let 𝑥 = the number
3𝑥 + 5 = another number
Step 3: Equation
𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 5) = 41
Step 4: Solving equation
𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 5) = 41
4𝑥 + 5 = 41
4𝑥 = 36
𝑥=9
Since 𝑥 represents the number, therefore the number is 9 and the other number represented
by 3𝑥 + 5 is 32.
Step 5: To check, simply substitute 9 on 𝑥 in the equation 𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 5) = 41.
𝑥 + (3𝑥 + 5) = 41
9 + 3(9) + 5 = 41
9 + 27 + 5 = 41
41 = 41
Example 2: Elsa is now 30 years older than his daughter. She will be twice as old as her daughter’s age
after 5 years. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Representation can be best illustrated through a table

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Name Present Age Age after 5 years
Elsa 𝑥 + 30 𝑥 + 35
Daughter 𝑥 𝑥+5
Equation: 𝑥 + 35 = 2(𝑥 + 5)
Solving the equation:
𝑥 + 35 = 2(𝑥 + 5)
𝑥 + 35 = 2𝑥 + 10
35 − 10 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥
25 = 𝑥
The age of Elsa’s daughter: 25 y/o
Elsa’s age: 55 y/o
To check:
After 5 years, the age of Elsa is 60 while her daughter is 30. It satisfies the condition in the
problem that Elsa will be twice as old as her daughter after 5 years.

Let’s Apply
Represent in terms of 𝑥, “five increased by a given number” if the given number is represented by:
1) 𝑥 3) 𝑥 + 4 5) 4𝑥 + 7
2) 3𝑥 4) 𝑥 − 2

Let’s Analyze
For each problem, encircle the letter corresponding to the correct equation and solve.
1) A number more than 15 is 48. Find the number.
a. 𝑥 + 15 = 48 b. 15 − 𝑥 = 48 c. 𝑥 − 15 = 48
2) Four times a number diminished by three is 25. What is the number?
a. 4𝑥 + 3 = 25 b. 4𝑥 − 3 = 25 c. 4𝑥 − 3 = 25
3) The sum of Yza’s and Ayra’s ages is 40. Six years ago, Ayra was thrice as old as Yza. What are their
present ages?
a. 40 − 𝑥 = 3(𝑥 − 6) b. 34 − 𝑥 = 3(𝑥 − 6) c. 40 + 𝑥 = 3(𝑥 + 6)
4) Carmela is twice as old as her daughter. The sum of their ages is 54. Find their present ages.
a. 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 54 b. 2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 54 c. 2𝑥 ⋅ 𝑥 = 54
5) The sum of three consecutive integers is 117. Find the largest integer.
a. 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 2) = 117 c. 𝑥 + (𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 2) = 117
b. 𝑥 + (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 + 2) = 117

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

A. Match the word problems in column A with the equations in column B. Match column B with the solutions in
column C.
A B C
1) The sum of two numbers is 49. If the larger number is 7 more
A. 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 4) = 42 A. 17
than the smaller number. Find the larger number.
2) The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 42. What is the
B. 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 10 = 70 B. 40
second even number?
3) Eleven less than twice a number is nine. Find the number. C. 2𝑥 − 11 = 9 C. 28
4) The sum of two numbers is 70. The second number is 10 more
D. 𝑥 − 6 = 2(39 − 𝑥) D. 14
than the first number. What is the second number?
5) The sum of Ana’s and Liza’s age is 45. Six years ago, Ana was
E. 𝑥 + 7 + 𝑥 = 49 E. 10
twice as old as Liza then. How old is Liza?
B. For each problem, encircle the letter corresponding to the correct inequality and solve.
1) When a number is subtracted from −12, the result is more than −3. What is the number?
a. −12 − 𝑥 > −3 b. 𝑥 − 12 > −3 c. −12 + 𝑥 > −3
2) The sum of six and four times a number is at least 8. What is the number?
a. 4𝑥 + 6 ≥ 8 b. 4𝑥 + 6 ≤ 8 c. 4𝑥 − 6 ≥ 8
3) Find three consecutive numbers whose sum is at most 36.
a. 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 2) ≥ 36 c. 𝑥 + (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 + 2) ≥ 36
b. 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 2) ≤ 36

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4) Thrice a number increased by 8 is greater than 11. Find the number.
a. 3𝑥 + 8 > 11 b. 2𝑥 + 8 > 11 c. 3𝑥 − 8 > 11
5) If the greatest value of four times a number 𝑥 is 36, find values of 𝑥 that satisfy the given condition.
a. 4𝑥 ≤ 36 b. 4𝑥 ≥ 36 c. 4𝑥 < 36

LESSON 3: ABSOLUTE VALUE EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

Learning Competencies
The learner solves linear equation or inequality in one variable involving absolute value by: (a) graphing
and (b) algebraic methods. (M7AL-Iii-j-1)

Objectives
The learner determines the solution set of a linear equation or inequality involving absolute value.

Let’s Recall
TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the equation is true. Otherwise, write F.
1. |−2| = −2 2. |9 + 1| = 10 3. |−10| + |−8| = −18

Let’s Understand
Basic Absolute Value Equations
Absolute Value Equation Equivalent Equation Solution Set
|𝑥| = 𝑘 (𝑘 > 0) 𝑥 = 𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −𝑘 {𝑘, −𝑘}
|𝑥| = 0 𝑥=0 {0}
|𝑥| = 𝑘 (𝑘 < 0) ∅
Solving Linear Absolute Value Equations
A. Number Line
Given: |𝑥 − 𝑎| = 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants

𝑏 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑏 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑎
To satisfy the equation |𝑥 − 𝑎| = 𝑏, 𝑥 − 𝑎 must be a number whose distance from 𝑎 is b units. Likewise, 𝑥 must
be a number whose distance from 𝑎 is 𝑏 units. Hence, to arrive at 𝑥, start at 𝑎 and move 𝑏 units in either or both directions
on the number line.
Note: We cannot always use number line in solving linear absolute value equations.
B. Algebraic Method
Steps:
1. Isolate the absolute value.
2. Identify what the isolated absolute value is set equal to:
a. If the absolute value is set equal to zero, remove absolute value symbols and solve the equation to get one
solution.
b. If the absolute value is set equal to a negative number, there is no solution. Remember that the absolute value
refers to the distance between two numbers, and hence, it cannot be negative.
c. If the absolute value is set equal to a positive number, set the argument (expression within the absolute value)
equal to the number and set it equal to the opposite of the number, using an “or” statement in between the two
equations. Then, solve each equation separately to get two solutions.
Example 1: Determine the solution set of the following using number line.
a. |𝑥| = 4
Solution:
a. Solution Set: {−𝟒, 𝟒}

Absolute Value Inequalities

Absolute value inequalities are inequalities involving absolute value expression/s. The following are absolute value
inequalities:
|2𝑥 + 1| > 4 2|𝑥 − 5| + 3 ≤ 7
|3𝑥 − 5| < 7 3|2𝑥 − 5| ≥ 6

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There are two types of absolute value inequalities: the less than absolute value inequality, and the greater than absolute
value inequality.
|3𝑥 − 5| < 7 and 2|𝑥 − 5| + 3 ≤ 7
are less than absolute value inequalities.
|2𝑥 + 1| > 4 and 3|2𝑥 − 5| ≥ 6
are greater than absolute value inequalities.
Solving Absolute Value inequalities
A. Less than Absolute Value Inequality
Steps:
1. Isolate the absolute value expression on the left side of the inequality. That is, we write it in the form, |𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏| < 𝑐.
2. Use a compound less than inequality. ( < < )
3. In between the two less than symbols, write the expression inside the absolute value. Hence, (< 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 <)
4. In the left-most part of the compound inequality, write the negative of the right-hand side of the less than absolute
inequality. Then, ( −𝑐 < 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 < )
5. In the right most part of the compound inequality, write the positive of the right-hand side of the less than absolute
value inequality. The compound inequality then becomes ( −𝑐 < 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 < 𝑐 ).
6. Solve the inequality.
7. Check/Verify answer using a point/number in the interval.
B. Greater than Absolute Value Inequality
Steps:
1. Isolate the absolute value expression on the left side of the inequality. That is, we write it in the form, |𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏| > 𝑐.
2. Create two separate inequalities, one less than and one greater than.
3. On the left-hand side of the two inequalities, write the expression inside the absolute value. Hence, we have
(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 <) and (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 >)
4. On the right-hand side of the less than inequality, write the negative of the right-hand side of the absolute value
inequality. On the right-hand side of the greater than inequality, write the positive of the right-hand side of the
absolute value inequality. Thus, (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 < −𝑐) and (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 > 𝑐)
5. Solve the two inequalities simultaneously.
6. Get the union of the two solution sets.
7. Check/Verify answer.
Example: Solve each inequality then graph the solution set.
a. |2𝑥 + 3| < 5 b. |3𝑥 − 5| > 4
Solution:
a. Solution Set: {𝒙|−𝟒 < 𝑥 < 1} or (−𝟒, 𝟏)
|2𝑥 + 3| < 5 In the form of |𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏| < 𝑐 already
−5 < 2𝑥 + 3 < 5
−5 − 3 < 2𝑥 < 5 − 3 Addition Property of Inequality (API)
−8 < 2𝑥 < 2
−8 2𝑥 2
< < Multiplication Property of Inequality (MPI)
2 2 2
−4 < 𝑥 < 1 Simplify
(−4, 1) Interval Notation

Let’s Apply
A. Solve each equation using number line.
1. |𝑥| = 3 3. |𝑥 − 1| = 5 5. |1 + 𝑥| = 9
2. |𝑥| = 7 4. |𝑥 + 5| = 4

Let’s Analyze
Solve each equation using algebraic method.
1. |4𝑥| = 20 3. |9𝑥| = −27 5. |13 − 9𝑥| = 5
2. |−2𝑥| = 18 4. |5 − 2𝑥| = 3

Let’s Try
A. Find the solution of each equation.
1. |8𝑥| = 56 3. |2𝑥 − 5| = 11 5. 6|2𝑥 − 1| = 42
𝑥
2. | | = 7 4. |5𝑥 + 8| + 9 = 4
6
B. Solve each inequality then graph the solution set.
1. |𝑥| < 7 3. |𝑥 + 3| > 5 5. |4𝑥 − 1| > 11
2. |8𝑥| ≥ 32 4. |2𝑥 − 5| < 7