Educ 4:

Activity (1st page): Read the moral dilemma below.

1. Instead of dealing with my brother, I should talk to my parents

alone and resolve the issue. My parents have full authority to
reprimand and advise him. Furthermore, parents know what is best
for their child. Finally, if I let this go, my brother will think
it's normal to lie to our parents, and he will repeat his
wrongdoings. The best thing to do is to teach those who lie to
you a lesson that they will remember.
2. So he is aware of his errors, and he must learn from them and
promise not to repeat them. As his sibling, I believe it is the
right thing to do.

II. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory

Activity:

I was always interested in learning how to play volleyball as a child.

My older sister, who used to play volleyball all the time, sparked my
interest. I would watch her practice with interest and beg her to let
me try. She eventually relented, and I received my first lesson. My
first teacher was my sister. She began by demonstrating how to balance
the ball in the air. Then she'd let me do the service, toss the ball
towards her, and then return it to me. I became a more proficient and
skilled player after several days of practice. I then became a player
from elementary school through high school. This example demonstrates
how scaffolding can be used to assist a learner in acquiring a new
skill. The teacher begins by giving the learner advice and
instructions. The teacher gradually withdraws assistance as the
learner gains proficiency, until the learner is able to complete the
task on his own.

Analysis:

Many factors can influence a learner's motivation to learn a new

skill. My older sister's example sparked my interest in learning to
play volleyball in my case. A learner's motivation can also be
influenced by a desire to achieve a personal goal, impress others, or
simply try something new. It is critical to use both verbal and
physical cues when using scaffolding to assist a learner in acquiring.
These techniques can assist the learner in understanding what is
required and completing the task more quickly. As the student gains
proficiency, the teacher can gradually withdraw assistance until the
student is able to complete the task on his own. Finally, scaffolding
is a temporary support system used during construction to support the
weight of the structure until it can support itself. Scaffolding in
education refers to the assistance provided by the teacher to assist
the learner in completing a task. This assistance is typically
provided in the form of verbal or physical cues, and it is gradually
phased out as the learner gains proficiency at the task.

Activity 4:

I learned from the module on Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

that his theory proposes three levels of moral development, with each
level divided into two stages. Kohlberg proposed that people progress
through these stages in a predetermined order, and that moral
comprehension is linked to cognitive development. Preconventional,
conventional, and postconventional moral reasoning are the three
levels of moral reasoning. Kohlberg demonstrated that the reasoning
behind a decision was a better indicator of moral development than the
actual answer by using children's responses to a series of moral
quandaries.

I learned from Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory module that socio-

cultural theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in
psychological development. It suggests that human learning is largely
a social process, and that our cognitive functions are formed based on
our interactions with those around us who are "more skilled." Our
psychological growth is guided, in part, by people in our lives who
serve as mentors, such as teachers and parents, according to the
sociocultural perspective. At times, we develop our values and beliefs
through interactions in social groups or through participation in
cultural events. Sociocultural theory examines how mentors and peers
influence individual learning, as well as how cultural beliefs and
attitudes influence how learning occurs.