Southern Luzon State University GEC 05

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Mathematics in the Modern World

Mathematics & Natural Sciences Department First Semester, 2022-2023

General Direction. Answer all problems as indicated. Write your answer in a word document and submit it as a pdf file.

I. TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is true. If the statement is FALSE, provide a reason and justification
to merit full points. (4 points each)

_____________1. The following statements describe LOGIC:

(i) Logic is a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration.
(ii) Logic is a particular mode of reasoning viewed as valid or faulty.
(iii) Logic is a science of correct reasoning.

_____________2. The following are statements:

(i) Philippines has more than 7,100 islands.
(ii) Aristotle is the Father of Problem Solving.
(iii) 𝑥 = 𝑦, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ ℤ
(iv) The House of Representatives is currently composed of more than 200 congressmen.

______________3. The following conjunction statements are TRUE:

(i) 0 is an even integer and √4 is a prime number.

(ii) √4 is a positive integer and |4| = (√22 ).
(iii) 0 is not an even integer and 2 is a prime number.
(iv) √4 = ±2 and |−4| = 4.

______________4. Perform the analogy. (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞 𝑎𝑠 𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞.

_____________5. The following statements describes the conditional statement:

(i) A conditional statement composes of the antecedent and consequent.
(ii) A conditional statement 𝑝 → 𝑞 states that a true statement cannot imply a false statement.

______________6. The following statements are TRUE conditional statements:

1
(i) is an integer is necessary for 2 to be an integer.
2
2
(ii) √4 is irrational is necessary for (√4) to be rational.
(iii) 5 is a prime number is sufficient for 52 to be a prime number.
(iv) 0 is an integer whenever 0 is divisible by 2.

______________7. The statement “If 𝑥 is even, then 𝑦 is odd.” is equivalent to 𝑥 is even is necessary for 𝑦 to be odd.

______________8. Perform the analogy. 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 ~(~𝑝) 𝑎𝑠 𝑝 → 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 . ~𝑝 → ~𝑞

______________9. The following statements are conditional statements:

(i) The angles of an equilateral triangle are congruent.

(ii) It is raining outside.
(iii) The value of the variable 𝑥 is either positive or negative.
(iv) 𝑥 + 2 = 2𝑥.

______________10. The statement “The number 0.10 is a rational number.” is either true or false proposition.

______________ 11. The propositions ~(𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) and ~𝑝 ∧ ~𝑞 are logically equivalent.

___________________ 12. The implication statement (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) → (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) is a contradiction.

___________________ 13. Let 𝑝 be “He is tall” and let 𝑞 be “He is handsome”. Then the statement, “It is not true that he is short or not
handsome” is symbolically equivalent to ~(~𝑝 ∨ ~𝑞).

_____________________ 14. The statement “It is false that if Paris is in England, then London is in France” is true.

_____________________ 15. The truth value of the composite statement “It is not true that if 2 + 2 = 4, then 3 + 3 = 5 or 1 + 1 = 2"
is true.

II. Answer the following problems as indicated.

1. Construct a truth table of the proposition [𝑝 → (𝑞 ∨ 𝑟)] ∨ ~[𝑞 ∧ (~𝑝 ↔ ~𝑟). (10 points)

2. Show that 𝑝 → (𝑞 ∧ 𝑟) and (𝑝 → 𝑞) ∧ (𝑝 → 𝑟) have the same truth values. (10 points)

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