SCIENCE 9

Long Test Reviewer

Second Quarter | S.Y. 2022-2023

Multiple Alleles- more than two alleles for a Types of Extinction

trait Local Extinction
Blood Types in Humans: Type A, Type B, and - also known as extirpation
Type O -when a species is no longer found in an
area it used to inhabit but is present
elsewhere
BLOOD ALLELES BLOOD TYPE GENOTYPE
Ecological Extinction
-too few members of that species exist in an
𝐴
𝐼 or A A AA or AO
area to continue their role in the ecology of
an area
𝐵
𝐼 or B B BB or BO
Biological Extinction
-true extinction
i or O O OO
-no member of that species exists on Earth
AB AB
Threatened- still abundant in its natural
range but declining in numbers and likely to
Sex-Linked Traits become endangered in the near future
-genes that are located on the sex Endangered- has a few individual survivors
chromosome that the species could soon be extinct over all
-most sex-linked traits are carried by the X
chromosome Causes of Extinction
-examples: color blindness, -volcanic eruptions
hemophilia(recessive trait), duchenne -new predator/disease
muscular dystrophy, hairy ears (Y -climate change
chromosome), and eye color in fruit flies -changes in oxygen level in seawater
-massive impact from asteroid or comets
Sex-Limited Traits -competition among species
-exclusively expressed in one sex of the
species Mass Extinctions
-examples: lactation, horns in male sheep, -when at least half of all species die out in a
and fanlike tail feathers in peacock relatively short time
-the largest mass extinction event happened
Sex-Influenced Traits around 250 million years ago, when perhaps
-expressed in both sexes but more frequently 95 percent of all species went extinct
in one male
-examples: baldness, harelip, and gout Top Five Extinctions
1. Ordovician-Silurian Extinction
Species- a group of organisms that can -400 million years ago
breed and reproduce viable and fertile -second worst mass extinction
offspring -caused by climate change
Mammoth- a large extinct elephant of the -major ice age is known to have
Pleistocene epoch, typically hairy with a occurred in the southern hemisphere
sloping back and long curved tusks 2. Devonian Extinction
Dinosaurs- a group of reptiles that -365 million years ago
dominated the land for over 140 million years -tropical marine species went extinct
Dodo bird- (Raphus cucullatus) is an extinct -caused by an asteroid impact and
flightless bird that was endemic to the island global cooling
of Mauritius 3. Permian Triassic Extinction
Extinct- when all members of a species no -250 million years ago
longer exist -”Great Dying or Mother of all
Extinctions”
-largest mass extinction
SCIENCE 9
Long Test Reviewer
Second Quarter | S.Y. 2022-2023

4. Triassic-Jurassic Extinction
-210 million years ago
-extinction of other vertebrate species
on land
5. Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction
-65 Million Years Ago
-most famous of all mass extinctions
marks the end of the Cretaceous
Period
-dinosaurs died

Extinction
-dying out of a species
-opens up opportunities for new species to
emerge
-following a mass extinction, biodiversity is
greatly decreased, and it stays low during a
"survival interval" before beginning to climb
again

The Sixth Extinction

-driven by human activity
-the unsustainable use of land, water and
energy use, and climate change