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Technology
and
Livelihood Education
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
Quarter 1- Module 3
PERFORMING MENSURATION
AND CALCULATION

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you measure different storage devices applying the four (4) basic mathematical
operations to carry out mensuration and calculation. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course.

After going through this module, you are expected to perform calculation
needed to complete tasks using the four mathematical fundamental operations,
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (÷). (TLE_IACSS9- 12PMC-
IIb-d-11).

Specifically, you will:

1. identify object/s or components to be measured;

2. convert decimal to binary;
3. compute the actual storage capacity of a hard disk, memory, compact
disk, USB flash drive, SD card, and the actual speed of a processor;
4. apply different techniques in checking the conversion from decimal to
binary, and the computation of the ideal storage capacity and speed; and
5. maintain measuring instruments.

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 What I Know

Multiple Choice
Directions: Read each of the following sentences carefully, then choose the
letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in your TLE-CSS
Activity Notebook.

Column A Column B
1. A measuring instrument that uses moving a. Logic probe
pointer to display b. Digital Tester
2. A measuring instrument that indicates c. Loopback Adapter
d. Multi-tester
high digital and low digital state
e. Logic probe
3. Uses digital display to display rating f. Bit
g. 10
4. Verifies the electrical connections in a h. Byte
signal cable or other wired assembly i. k
j. Decimal
5. Primarily the means of testing or
k. 00000011
measuring the communications
l. Manufacturer’s
infrastructure
m. Cleaning
6. The primary language for computers n. 16
that is made up of only two numbers: 0 o. Storing
and 1 p. Handouts
7. Abbreviation of binary digit

8. A unit of computer data consisting of 8 bits

9. The number system of 10

10. Symbolizes the binary prefix kilo

11. The value of binary 10 in decimal

12. Decimal number 9 in binary

13. Bit/s in a byte

14. Necessary to do for the measuring

instrument
15. Guide for proper storage of instruments

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 What’s In

In the previous module, you have defined and identified the different
components that need to be measured before installing or using the storage
devices.

Activity 1: Remember Me

Directions: Identify the following components. Write your answers in your TLE-
CSS Activity Notebook.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 Lesson
Select Measuring Instruments
1

What’s New

In the previous module, you have defined and identified the different
storage devices.

Can you remember those components?

Do you still remember their definitions?

What is It

In this module, you will learn to identify the different measuring

instruments and their functions in Computer System Servicing.

1. Do you have any idea about those measuring instruments?

Measuring Instruments:

1. Multimeter (VOM) - A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a

VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several

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 measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure
voltage (Volt), current (Ampere), and resistance (Ohm). Analog
multimeter uses a micro ammeter with a moving pointer to display
readings.

Voltmeter – is an instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.

Ex. 220 volts

Ohmmeter – is an instrument for measuring electrical resistance.

Ex.20 Ohms

Milliameter - is an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.

Ex. 15 amperes

Types of Multi-meter or Multi-tester:

1. Analog Multi-meter or multi-tester (VOM) - uses a micro

ammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.

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 Digital Multimeters (DMM, DVOM) - have a numeric display and may also show a
graphical bar representing the measured value.

www.google.com.wikipedia.org

2. Cable Tester - is an electronic device used to verify the electrical

connections in a signal cable or other wired assembly. Basic cable
testers are continuity testers that verify the existence of a conductive
path between ends of the cable and the correct wiring of connectors on
the cable.

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3. Loopback, or loop-back adapter - refers to the routing of electronic signals,
digital data streams, or flows of items back to their source without
intentional processing or modification. This is primarily a means of testing /
measuring the communications infrastructure.

www.google.com.wikipedia.org

4.Logic Probe - is a hand-held test probe used for analyzing and

troubleshooting the logical states (boolean 0 or 1) of a digital circuit.

Logic probe / Digital logic tester is able to detect lines that are at the
digital or logic high state. It will indicate this typically with a LED which
is often colored red. It can also indicate a logic or digital low often
colored green.

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 What’s More

Activity 2.

Directions: Match each of the components in Column A with its description in

Column B. Write your answers in your TLE-CSS Activity Notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMB B

1. Logic Probe A. Uses moving pointer to display rating

2. Cable Tester B. Indicates high digital and low digital state

3. Analog Tester C. Uses digital display to display rating

4. Loopback adaptor D. Verifies the electrical connections in a

signal cable or other wired assembly

5. Digital Tester E. Primarily a means of testing / measuring

the communications infrastructure.

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 Lesson
Carry Out Measurements and
2 Calculations

What is It

Definition of Terms

Binary – is the primary language for computers that are made up of only two
numbers: 0 and 1 (Computer Hope, 2019).

Binary Prefix – is used to represent the quantity in terms of byte or bit in

computing (Search Storage, n.d.)
Decimal – is a base 10 number system (Yadav, 2018)

Bit (b) – is short for binary digit (Computer Hope, 2020), either 0 or 1.
Byte (B) – is a unit of computer information consisting of eight (8) bits (Merriam-
Webster, n.d.)
Giga Hertz (GHz) – is also known as clock rate or clock speed of the processor
(Computer Hope, 2018).

Decimal – is a base 10 number system (Yadav, 2018)

How to Read Binary
Binary is a base-2 number system, where the number two (2) is raised by
an exponent (n-1). The exponent is denoted by the digits’ place (n) and
subtracted by 1, wherein it increases as you move through each position
starting from the right going to the left.
For example, number 2 on the first position, so 2 is raised by n-1, wherein
n=1.
2(n-1) = 2(1-1) = 20

Considering the given table below, the first position is the rightmost cell, and
the leftmost position is the last cell.

Position
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
(n-1)
Exponent
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
2(Position)
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Note: The first place should be 1, but since it is (n-1) subtracted by 1, it

becomes 0.

The first value is equivalent to 1 because 20 is equal to 1.

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Note: Any value with an exponent of 0 is always equal to 1.

The second value is 21 is 2 because it is just 2 itself multiplied by 1.

The third value is 4 because 22 = 2 x 2 = 4, 23 = 8 because 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8,
and so on and so forth.

In binary system, 1 is equal to ON/TRUE and 0 is OFF/FALSE.

To read a binary number, get the turn - ON value/s only and sum it up, no
need to include the turned-OFF value/s. For example:

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0000 0001 = 1

Get the sum: 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1

Or simply get the turn - ON value which is 1.

Multiple values example:

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

0000 0101 = 5

The binary number 0000 0101 is equivalent to 5 because the turned-ON

values are: (ALWAYS START FROM THE RIGHT)

1 and 4

Then get the sum: 1 + 4 = 5

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Number 5 and the “Value” in the tables are examples of decimal numbers, the
number system that we have known since we learned how to count numbers.

For us humans, but for computers,

1 0000 0001
+ 2 + 0000 0010

3 0000 0011

Note: Each group of eight bits is known as a byte.

8 bits = 1 byte
That is how the computer represented the letters, the numbers, and all
the data that you can see in the computer like images and videos.
Decimal to Binary Conversion
Rule: If the fraction is = ½ or .5, it is equivalent to 1.
In converting a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is:
1. Divide the number by 2.
2. Write the quotient and multiply the remainder by 2.
3. Divide the remainder by 2.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you get a quotient of 0.
5. Read the values of the remainder from the bottom to top. Write the
values to get the binary value of the decimal number.

Example:

Convert 19 to binary

Decimal number / 2 Quotient Remainder

19 / 2 9 1
9/2 4 1
4/2 2 0

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 2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1

19 = 10011
Note: A byte has 8 binary digits. Add 0s from the left to complete the 8
digits. The final answer is 19 = 00010011.

For a more detailed discussion, watch this video through this link:

Checking:
There are two ways to check if the conversion is accurate.

Method 1: Binary Table

1. Create a binary table.

2. Input the binary value into the table properly. Each digit should be
entered on the correct column starting from right to left.

Decimal 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
State

3. Then add the decimal values with 1.

16 + 2 + 1 = 19

Method 2: Binary to Decimal Conversion

1. Multiply the bits with their corresponding

values. Note: Always start from the right.
2. Get the sum.

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 (1 x 1) + (1 x 2) + (0 x 4) + (0 x 8) + (1 x 16) + (0 x 32) + (0 x 64) + (0 x 128)

1 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 0

= 19

Therefore: 19 = 0001 0011

Binary Prefixes are also called as prefix multipliers consisting of a one-

letter abbreviation and the prefix it stands for.
Unit Symbol Power of 2 (bytes) VALUE in Bytes
Kilobyte KB 210 1,024
Megabyte MB 220 1,048,576
Gigabyte GB 230 1,073,741,824
Terabyte TB 240 1,009,511,627,776
For example:

1 kilobyte = 210 bytes

210 bytes = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 bytes
210 bytes = 1,024 bytes

Therefore: 1 KB = 1,024 bytes

If you have noticed, a 1 KB is not an exact 1,000 bytes, but actually it is

1,024 bytes because the computer uses binary code in translating capacity
and speed. So, if you have a hard disk with a capacity of 500 GB, its actual
size is 536,870,912,000 bytes, and not 500,000,000,000 bytes.

On the contrary, you cannot view a 1 KB file as an actual 1,024 bytes in

your computer because it’s just how Windows represented it. There are a lot
of factors involved in it, and it will not be tackled in this lesson.

The presented capacity of a file or component when viewing in your

computer is dependent on the OS and the manufacturer. What you have
learned here is the actual values in computing and how computers are being
engineered in terms of capacity and speed.

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 Data Storage Capacity Calculation

In a storage device, you need to know its capacity as well as how much space is
used and free. For example, you have an 8 GB flash drive. You want to copy a file with
a size of 1 GB, and your flash drive’s free space is 2 GB. How much free space will be
left after you copied that file to your flash drive?

Computation:
Let FSAC = free space of flash drive after copying FS = 1
GB (size of the file you want to copy)
FSBC = 2 GB (free space of flash drive before copying) FSAC = FS –
FSBC
FSAC = 2 GB – 1 GB FSAC = 1
GB
Therefore, there will be only 1 GB of free space in your flash drive after copying the file.
Checking:
Use the equation FSAC = FS – FSBC: FSAC =
FS – FSBC
1 GB = 2 GB – 1 GB

1 GB = 1 GB
Therefore, your computation is correct

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Word Bank

Directions: Choose the word from the bank that is being defined in each item.
Write your answers in your TLE-CSS Activity Notebook.

1. A base 2 number system that is made up of only two numbers:

0 and 1
2. A binary prefix that denotes a million
3. The base-10 number system
4. Data storage capacity that is composed of eight (8) bits
5. A clock speed of a processor

Bank
Decimal Binary Giga gigabyte
Byte Bit Mega gigahertz

Did you find the exact words in the Word Bank activity?

Are the words new to you?

Don’t worry, those words will be tackled in this lesson.

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 Maintain Measuring
Instruments

What is It

In this module, you will learn how to maintain measuring instruments by applying
the most commonly used maintenance procedures to prolong the life span of the
measuring instruments.

MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES:
1. Measuring instruments are not dropped to avoid damage.
2. Measuring instruments are cleaned before and after using.
3. Regularly check parts and batteries.
4. Proper storage of instruments is undertaken according to the
manufacturer’s specification and standard operating procedure.
5. Always observe Occupational Health and Safety Procedures (OHSP).

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 What’s More

Activity 4. Maintenance
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and write FALSE if it is
wrong. Write your answers in your TLE-CSS Activity Notebook.

______1. Cleaning the measuring instrument is not necessary.

______ 2. Safety precautions are always observed.
______ 3. Inspection of the measuring instruments must be done regularly.
______ 4. You can put anywhere the measuring instruments.
______ 5. Manufacturer’s specification must be observe

What I Have Learned

Directions: In your TLE-CSS Activity Notebook, fill in each blank with the correct
word to complete each sentence.

1. ____________ is the primary language that the

computer understands.

2. The symbol K denotes ____________ as a prefix.

3. The _________ number system is base 10.

4. __________ is equivalent to 8 bits.

5. Bit is an abbreviation of _________________.

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What I Can Do

Activity 5: Binary Initial

Directions: Get the binary value of your first name initial. Write your answer in
your TLE-CSS activity notebook. Show your solutions and checking.

First name: Juan

First name initial: J
Convert: J = 01001010

Please refer to the table below.

Character Decimal Character Decimal
A 65 N 78
B 66 O 79
C 67 P 80
D 68 Q 81
E 69 R 82
F 70 S 83
G 71 T 84
H 72 U 85
I 73 V 86

J 74 W 87
K 75 X 88
L 76 Y 89
M 77 Z 90

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice

Directions: Identify what is being referred to in each item, then choose the
letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in your TLE-CSS
Activity Notebook.

1. A measuring instrument that uses moving pointer to display

rating
a. Cable Tester c. Loopback Adapter
b. Logic probe d. Analog Multi-tester
2. A measuring instrument that indicates high digital and low
digital state
a. Logic Probe c. Multi-tester
b. Digital tester d. Cable Tester
3. Uses digital display to display rating
a. Multi-tester c. Logic Probe
b. Cable Tester d. Digital Tester
4. Verifies the electrical connections in a signal cable or other
wired assembly
a. Digital Tester c. Analog Tester
b. Cable Tester d. Loopback Adapter

5. Primarily the means of testing or measuring the

communications infrastructure
a. Cable Tester c. Loopback Adapter
b. Digital Tester d. Logic probe

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6. The primary language for computers that is made up of only
two numbers: 0 and 1
a. Bit c. Byte
b. Binary d. Decimal
7. Abbreviation of binary digit
a. Bit b. Byte
b. Binary d. Decimal

8. A unit of computer data consisting of 8 bits

a. Bit c. Byte
b. Binary d. Decimal

9. The number system of 10 is .

a. Bit c. Binary
b. Byte d. Decimal
10. Binary prefix kilo is symbolized by .
a. k c. I
b. L d. O
11. The value of binary 10 in decimal
a. 1 c. 2
b. 10 d. 01
12. Decimal number 9 in binary
a. 00000001 c. 00000011
b. 00000101 d. 0000 1001
13. A byte consists of bit/s.
a. 1 c. 4
b. 8 d. 16
14. the measuring instrument is necessary.
a. Cleaning c. Viewing
b. Evaluating d. Touching

15. Proper storage of instruments is undertaken according to the

specification and standard operating procedure.
a. Owner’s c. Manufacturer’s
b. Teacher’s d. Technician

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 Additional Activities

Activity 6: Check Me!

Directions: Write your answers in your TLE-CSS Activity Notebook. Show your
solutions with checking.

1. Convert the decimal number 10 to a binary digit.

2. Give the types of Multi-meter (VOM) and differentiate each
function.

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 5
2

What I Know
1. e
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. c
6. j
7. f
8. h
9. h
10. i
11. g
12.k
13. n
14. m
15. l
Activity 2
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. E

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