SPECIFICATION FOR RESPIRATORS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL DUSTS AND GASES BS 2091 : 1969 Price 12/- net ” BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION Incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards House, 2 Park Street, London, WLY 4AA Telegrams: Standards London W1 Telephone: 01-629 9000BS 2091 : 1969 Tus Brrtistt STANDARD, having been approved by the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 10 June, 1969. First published March, 1954 First revision, June, 1969. SBN: 580 00441 4 The Institution desires to call attention to the fact that this British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. In order to Keep abreast of progress in the industries concerned, British Standards are subject to periodical review. Suggestions for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought to the notice of the committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer. A complete list of British Standards, numbering over 5000, fully indexed and with a note of the contents of each, will be found in the British Standards Yearbook, price 20s. The BS Yearbook may be consulted in many public libraries and similar institutions. This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 410. Test sieves. BS 2092. Industrial eye-protectors. BS 2577. Methylene blue particulate test for respirator canisters. BS 2617. Respirators for agricultural workers using toxic chemicals. BS 4400. Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters. BS 3406. Methods for the determination of particle size of powders. BS 4275. Recommendations for the selection, use and main- tenance of respiratory protective equipment. British Standards are revised, when necessary, by the issue either of amendment slips or of revised editions. It is important that users of British Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or editions. ‘The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PSM/14. Draft for comment 67/25730. 2CONTENTS Co-operating organizations Foreword SPECIFICATION 1, INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope 1.2 Definitions 1.3 Application 2, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 Construction 2.2. Facepiece 2.3 Harness 3, DUST RESPIRATORS 3.1 General 3.2 Design and construction 3.3 Fit 3.4 Performance requirements 3.5 Marking 4, GAS RESPIRATORS, CANISTER TYPE 4.1 Design and construction 4.2 Breathing tubes 4.3 Canisters 4.4 Fit 4.5 Performance requirements 4.6 Marking 5. GAS RESPIRATORS, CARTRIDGE TYPE 5.1 Design and construction 5.2 Fit 5.3 Performance requirements 5.4. Marking Page 15 15 15 16 BS 2091 : 1969BS 2091 : 1969 Page APPENDICES A. Test for static leakage of outlet valves 24 B. Dust clogging test 24 C. Respirator face-seal leakage test 26 D. Sterilization test method for materials of construction 30 E. Rough usage 30 TABLES 1. List of substances showing recommended canisters 18 2. List of canisters showing substances covered 19 3. Substances covered by cartridge type respirators 22 4, Penetration test for gas respirator canisters and cartridges containing particulate filters 23 FIGURES 1, Leakage meter 31 2. Dust clogging test apparatus 32 Flow diagram for respirator face seal test 34BS 2091 : 1969 CO-OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS The Personal Safety Equipment Standards Committee, under whose supervision these recommendations were prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: British Footwear Manufacturers’ Federation *British Ironfounders’ Association *British Occupational Hygiene Society British Red Cross Society British Rubber Manufacturers Association Ltd. British Steel Industry Cement Makers’ Federation *Chemical Industries Association Consumer Council Council of Ironfoundry Associations “Department of Employment and Productivity (H.M. Factory Inspectorate) “Electricity Council, the Central Electricity Generating Board, and the Area Boards in England and Wales Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Glass Manufacturers’ Federation ‘Industrial Satety (Personal Equipment) Manufacturers’ s50¢i Institute of British Foundrymen Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Engineering Inspection Institution of Industrial Safety Officers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Production Engineers Iron and Steel Trades Confederation Medical Research Council National Federation of Building Trades Operatives Paintmakers’ Associations of Great Britain Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Shoe and Allied Trades Research Association Textile Council Trades Union Congress *United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority ‘The Government department and organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the prepa- ration of this standard. Association of British Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals British Plastics Federation Council of British Manufacturers of Petroleum Equipment Engineering Equipment User's Association Home Office Institution of Gas Engineers Leathercloth and Coated Fabrics Manufacturers’ Association Minisity of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food try of Defence (Air Force Department) Minty of Defence, Army Department try of Power Minit) of Power—Safety in Mines Research Establishment National Coal Board Oil Companies Materials Associa Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine Steel Castings Research and Trade Association Individual users of respiratory protective equipmentBS 2091 : 1969 BRITISH STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR RESPIRATORS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL DUSTS AND GASES FOREWORD This British Standard deals with respirators for protection against harmful dusts and gases. It was first issued in 1954 and this revision has been undertaken to take account of improvements in the design and performance of respirators. When determining the type of protection that should be provided for any particular conditions, reference should be made to BS 4275, ‘ Recommendations for the selection, use and maintenance of personal respiratory protective equipment ’. Respirators afford no protection against oxygen deficiency and have very definite limitations, and should only be issued and fitted under the supervision of a competent person aware of the conditions surrounding their use. A British Standard is being prepared covering respirators for use against highly toxic materials (including radioactive substances) in particulate form, NOTE. This standard is written in terms of metric (SI) units except for the use of sub- multiples of the bar for the expression of pressures (1 bar = 10° N/m®), and gives metric (technical) and inch equivalents, which for the purposes of this standard are equally valid. The test apparatus was designed, and is therefore described, in inch units. SPECIFICATION 1, INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCOPE This British Standard specifies requirements for dust respirators giving protection against dusts and other particulate matter; it also specifies requirements for gas respirators (canister type) affording protection against the limited concentration of the gases listed in Tables | and 2, and gas respirators (cartridge type) providing protection against low concentrations of certain relatively non-toxic gases re- ferred to in Table 3. For the purposes of this standard the word * dust’ is taken to include other par- ticulates such as mists and fumes, and the word * gas” is taken to include vapour. This standard does not cover mouthpiece type respirators for emergency escape, respirators for protection against radioactive and other highly toxic 6BS 2091 : 1969 particulate materials (a specification for which is being prepared), or respirators for agricultural use which latter are dealt with in BS 2617*. 1.2 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply: (1) Dust respirator. Apparatus having a particulate filter to remove finely divided solid or liquid matter from the air inhaled by the wearer. (2) Gas respirator a. Canister type. Apparatus that removes limited concentrations of certain toxic gases from the air inhaled by the wearer, by use of a filter contained in a replaceable canister connected to a full facepiece. This type may also incorporate a particulate filter to remove dust. 6. Cartridge type. Apparatus that removes low concentrations of certain relatively non-toxic gases and vapours from the air inhaled by the wearer, by use of a replaceable cartridge filter usually fitted to a half- mask (ori-nasal facepiece). This type also incorporates a particulate filter to remove dust. 1.3 APPLICATION Every respirator shall comply with the general requirements of Section 2 and with the specific requirements of the particular section applicable to the respirator type as follows: Dust respirators Section 3 Gas respirators, canister type Section 4 Gas respirators, cartridge type Section 5 2, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. 2.1 CONSTRUCTION 2.1.1 The respirator shall be constructed of materials suited to withstand normal usage and exposure to extremes of environmental temperature and humidity. @ 2.1.2 The materials used shall be such that every component has a probable effective shelf life of at least five years if properly stored and maintained (two years in the case of canisters of types, S.H.C. and D (see Table 1), and any canister of which the seal has been broken). 2.1.3 No materials of a highly flammable nature, of the same order as cellulose nitrate, shall be used. *BS 2617, ‘ Respirators for agricultural workers using toxic chemicals ’. 7BS 2091 : 1969 2.1.4 Materials that may come into contact with the skin shall be non-staining, soft and pliable, and shall not contain known dermatitic substances. 2.1.5 Hazardous substances (e.g. asbestos) shall not be used as a filtering medium. 2.2 FACEPIECE 2.2.1 Full facepieces shall cover the eyes, nose and mouth and half-masks shall cover the nose and mouth. Both types shall be secured in position by means of an easily adjustable head harness. 2.2.2 The facepiece shall be designed to meet the following requirements: (1) the airtightness of the seal on the face (with facelet if provided) shall meet the requirements for fit specified in the appropriate section. Full facepieces shall permit the wearing of spectacles of special design and shall still meet the face seal leakage requirement. A half-mask shall permit the wearing of spectacles or eye-protectors without mutual interference; (2) it shall reduce as far as practicable the proportion of air exhaled within the facepiece that can be re-breathed; (3) it shall be compact and light in weight and shall cause the least possible interference with vision and freedom of movement; (4) it shall be capable of withstanding repeated cleaning and sterilizing by one of the methods described in Appendix D or by any method of equivalent effectiveness specified by the manufacturer; (5) full facepieces shall have suitable and, preferably, replaceable eyepieces or eye shields complying with the optical requirements of BS 2092*, and (© it shall be comfortable to wear for long periods. Fabric facelets may be provided for half-masks to improve comfort in adverse conditions, 2,3 HARNESS 2.3.1 The head harness shall hold the facepiece firmly and comfortably in position and shall be capable of ready cleansing, sterilization or decontamination. 2.3.2 The head harness of a full facepiece shall be adjustable and, if the harness consists only of straps, have adjustable straps not less than 19 mm (% in nominal) width, at the points in contact with the head, designed so that they have to be slackened on removing. This ensures that the wearer must readjust the straps before each occasion of use. * BS 2092, ‘ Industrial eye protectors”.BS 2091 : 1969 2.3.3 The head harness of a half-mask shall, if consisting only of straps, have adjustable straps not less than 19 mm (3% in nominal) width, at the points in contact with the head, with the adjustment in a position that will not interfere with the comfort or fit of a safety helmet. After adjustment the harness shall permit the removal of the mask to a position round the neck and its replacement on the face, preferably without loss of correct adjustment. 3. DUST RESPIRATORS 3.1 GENERAL, This standard covers two types of dust respirator, Types A and B. Type A respirators are low resistance respirators in that the test requirements impose a “maximum inhalation resistance of 2 mbar* (20 mmH,O; 0:8 in H,O) when ® ‘iestedin accordance with the method described in 3.4. They are intended for use against dusts of low toxicity in work conditions where low breathing resistance is important. Type B are higher resistance respirators and the test requirements impose a maximum Inhalation resistance of 3-2 mbar* (32 mmH,0; 1% in Hi,,0); they are required to be more efficient in stopping particles of fine dusts than are Type A respirators. 3.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION The design and construction of dust respirators shall be such that they will provide protection against solid particles or, in certain cases, mists, where no toxic gas or vapour is present. Dust respirators shall consist of: (1) a facepiece held securely in position by a head harness; (2) a filter(s) through which all the inhaled air passes. Filters shall be readily replaceable, and shall be capable of being fitted without edge leakage or other loss of efficiency; they may be encapsulated. For some applications it is desirable that readily replaceable pre-filters shall be available, and (3) a valve system such that all air inhaled by the wearer passes through the filter(s). The exhaled air shall pass direct to the surrounding atmosphere through gem a non-return valve. 3.3 FIT When tested in accordance with Appendix C the fit of the respirator, together with the fabric facelet where provided, shall ensure that the leakage of the test contaminant between the facepiece and the wearers’ faces shall not exceed a mean value of 5% for the ten test subjects. * 1 mbar = 10? Nim*.BS 2091 : 1969 3.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Respirators shall be capable of meeting the following performance requirements. 3.4.1 Resistance 3.4.1.1 Inhalation. The respirator shall be connected in an airtight manner to a hollow former of suitable shape; the air shall be drawn through the filter from the atmosphere at the rate of 85 I/min (3 ft*/min). The resistance imposed by the respirator to the stream of air shall not exceed 2 mbar* (20 mmH,O; 0:8 in H,O) for Type A respirators nor 3-2 mbar* (32 mmH,0; 1% in H,O) for Type B respirators. 3.4.1.2 Exhalation. The respirator shall be connected in an airtight manner to a hollow former of suitable shape; the air shall be blown into the former at the rate of 85 I/min (3 ft?/min) and passed to the atmosphere through the respirator. “> The resistance imposed by the respirator to the stream of air shall not exceed 1-25 mbar* (12-5 mmH,0; ¥ in H,0) for Types A and B. 3.4.2 Protection against dust. The effectiveness of the initial protection afforded by the filter system against dust shall be assessed by the method described in BS 2577+ or BS 4400 and the penetration at a flow rate of 30 I/min (1 ft3/min) shall not exceed 10% for Type A respirators; for Type B it shall not exceed 2% for resin wool filters, 3:5 % for resin felt filters and 5% for mechanical filters. (The differing values take account of the loss of electrostatic charge during storage.) 3.4.3 Valve leakage. The outlet valve system when dry shall not have a leakage exceeding 30 ml/min when tested at a constant suction head of 2:5 mbar* (25 mmH,0; 1 in HO) in accordance with Appendix A. 3.4.4 Resistance to clogging by dust and humidity When respirators are required to be resistant to clogging in conditions of high humidity they shall be tested in accordance with Appendix B. When so tested, the average weight of dust collected on the filter or filters under either dry or humid conditions shall not be less than 4 g at a resistance of 4 mbar* (40 mmH,O; 1-6 in HO) for Type A respirators, and 5 mbar* (50 mmH,O; 2 in H,O) for Type B respirators. Res- pirators complying with this requirement shall be additionally marked (see 3.5). ™) 3.4.5 Resistance of filters to rough usage. After being shaken in accordance with Appendix E the filter assembly shall show no visible deterioration and shall continue to comply with the requirements of 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 and, if applicable, 3.4.4. , f “1 mbar = 10? N/m’. + BS 2577, * Methylene blue particulate test for respirator canisters’. $ BS 4400, * Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters *. 10 AgBS 2091 : 1969 3.5 MARKING Respirators dealt with in this section of this British Standard shall be marked with the following particulars. 3.5.1 Markings on the facepiece. The facepiece shall be marked with: (1) thename, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; (2) the number of this British Standard, i.e. BS 2091; (3) the size (if more than one size is available). 3.5.2 Marking on the label or supplying container. The year of manufacture shall be marked on the label or supplying container. 3.5.3 Markings on the filter unit, The filter unit shall be marked with: (1) thename, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; (2) the number of this British Standard and the type letter, i.e. BS 2091/A for Type A respirators and BS 2091/B for Type B respirators; (3) the letter H if complying with the requirements for resistance to clogging by dust and humidity. This British Standard provides for a product concerning personal safety. Manufacturers and purchasers are urged to make use of the scheme operated by the British Standards Institution (see below) whereby the product may bear the registered mark of BSI. NOTE. The mark BS 2091 on or in relation to the product is a claim by the manufacturer that it complies with the requirements of the standard. The British Standards Institution is the owner of a registered certification trade mark. This is shown below, enclosed in the words ‘ Approved to British Standard °. This mark may be used only by manufacturers licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by BSI. The presence of this mark on or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods have been produced to comply with the requirements of the British Standard under a system of supervision, control and testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspection at the manufacturer’s works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of BSI. Brin, 40 Sy 8 x ¥ z 8 & & & % Ve Further particulars of the terms of the licence may be obtained from the Director General, British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London, W.1. ilBS 2091 : 1969 4, GAS RESPIRATORS, CANISTER TYPE 4.1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Gas respirators (canister type) are designed to protect the wearer from the gases listed in Tables 1 and 2. The life of the canisters is given in Table 2 in terms of the time of exposure at the maximum concentration; allowance must be made for facepiece leakage (see 4.4). Gas respirators shall be of one of the following types: (1) a full facepiece connected to a canister or canisters containing absorbent and/or adsorbent material, by means of a breathing tube, and arranged with valves so that all air inhaled by the wearer passes through the canisters. The exhaled air shall pass direct to the surrounding atmosphere through a non-return valve(s); (2) similar to (1) above but with the canister or canisters connected directly to the facepiece. 4.2 BREATHING TUBES Breathing tubes shall be flexible and non-kinking with a bore 20 mm (0:8 in nominal). They shall be capable of ready cleansing, sterilization or decontami- nation. 4.3 CANISTERS 4.3.1 The canister shall be connected to the facepiece in an airtight manner so that when fitted all the inhaled air passes through it. It shall be readily replaceable without the use of special tools. 4.3.2 Metal canisters shall be varnished internally and painted or varnished externally, or otherwise rendered corrosion resistant and, where necessary, shall be provided with a suitable carrying harness. 4.3.3 The colour marking of canisters shall be visible when the canister is fitted in the harness. 43.4 The particulate filter, if provided, shall be integral with the canister and in such a position that the inhaled air passes through it first. 4.3.5 The charcoal employed in this type of canister shall be impregnated with not less than 0-01 % w/w of silver (on the dry charcoal). 4.4 FIT When tested in accordance with Appendix C, the fit of the respirator shall ensure that the leakage of the test contaminant between the facepiece and the wearers? faces shall not exceed a mean value of 0:25% for the ten test subjects. 12BS 2091 : 1969 4.5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 4.5.1 Facepiece. The component parts of the facepiece shall withstand a test under water at an air pressure of 138 mbar* (0-14 kgf/cm*) (2 Ibf/in*) and be proved free from leakage. 45.2 Valve leakage. The outlet valve assembly when dry shall not have a leakage exceeding 30 ml/min when tested at a constant suction head of 2:5 mbar* (25 mmH,0; 1 in H,0) in accordance with Appendix A. 4.5.3 Resistance test 4.5.3.1 Inhalation. The respirator shall be connected in an airtight manner to a hollow former of suitable shape; air shall be drawn from the atmosphere through the filter canister at the rate of 85 l/min (3 ft*/min). The resistance imposed by the respirator shall not exceed 10 mbar* (100 mmH,O; 4 in H,0). 45.3.2 Exhalation. The respirator shall be connected in an airtight manner to a hollow former of suitable shape; air shall be blown into the former at the rate of 85 l/min (3 ft/min), and passed to the atmosphere through the respirator. The resistance imposed by the respirator shall not exceed 2:5 mbar* (25 mmH,0; 1 in HO). 4.5.4 Canister 4.5.4.1 The filled canister shall be tested under water to withstand without leakage an internal air pressure of 138 mbar* (0-14 kgf/cm?) (2 Ibf/in*). 4.5.4.2. Every canister shall be capable of passing an absorption test against the appropriate gas specified in Table 2. ‘The test gas, when present in the specified volume concentration in air at 65% relative humidity shall be completely removed from an air stream flowing at 16 I/min (0-56 ft/min) during the period laid down when the canister is: (1) as received, and (2) equilibrated to constant weight with air at 65% relative humidity at 23 + 2°C. 4.5.4.3 The particulate filter, if provided, shall be capable of passing a penetration test as specified in Table 4, at a flow rate of 30 I/min (1 ft8/min). 4.5.5 Resistance of canisters to rough usage. The canisters shall first be tested in accordance with the requirements of 4.5.3.1 and the resistance noted. The canisters shall then be shaken as described in Appendix E, after which they shall: (1) show no visible deterioration; #1 mbar = 108 N/m’,BS 2091 : 1969 (2) show no increase of inhalation resistance greater than 1-25 mbar* (12:5 mmH,0; 1 in H,0); (@) completely remove the test gas for a period of not less than 70% of the absorption test time given in Table 2, and the penetration limits for any particulate filter provided shall not be exceeded by more than 100%; (4) comply with the air pressure requirement given in 4.5.4.1. 4.5.6 Performance. The test involves an agreed number of persons carrying out a routine of physical tests whilst wearing the respirator in the presence of the test agent. The design and size range of the respirator shall be such that no detectable inward leakage occurs when it is worn in an atmosphere of the test agent. The test agent shall be I + 0-25 % by volume of ammonia in air. The subjects shall perform the following tasks: For five minutes: walking, turning head, dipping chin. For five minutes: pumping air with a hand-operated motor tyre pump into a 0:03 m} (1 ft®) cylinder to a pressure of 1725 mbar* (1-8 kgf/cm?) (25 Ibf/in?) or the equivalent work. Throughout the period of the test no ammonia shall be detected in the inhaled air, nor shall any undue encumbrance or discomfort be experienced on account of fit, air delivery or any other features of the respirator. For the purpose of this test the respirators shall be fitted with Type A (ammonia) canisters (see Tables | and 2). 4,6 MARKING Respirators dealt with in this section of this British Standard shall be marked with the following particulars. 4.6.1 Markings on the facepiece. The facepiece shall be marked with: (1) thename, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; (2) the number of this British Standard, i.e. BS 2091; (3) the size (if more than one size is available). 4.6.2. Marking on the supplying container. The month and year of manufacture shall be marked on the supplying container. 4.6.3 Marking on the breathing tube. The number of this British Standard shall be marked on the breathing tube. 4.6.4 Markings on the canister. The canister shall be marked with: (1) thename, trademark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; (2) the number of this British Standard, ie. BS 2091; * 1 mbar = 10? N/m.BS 2091 : 1969 (3) the colour markings shown in Table 2 the bands or stripes being at least one inch wide; (4) a list of the gases against which protection is given by the canister; (5) the month and year on which the canister was filled, and (© a warning notice indicating limiting conditions of use (je. maximum concentration per cent and maximum exposure in minutes), and the words: « Not for use in stills, tanks, enclosed places or in any circumstances where a high concentration of gas is likely to be present, or in atmospheres deficient in oxygen *. This British Standard provides for a product concerning personal safety. Manufacturers and purchasers are urged to make use of the scheme operated by the British Standards Institution (see Note, Clause 3.5) whereby the product may bear the registered certification trade mark of BSI. 5. GAS RESPIRATORS, CARTRIDGE TYPE 5.1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 5.1.1 The design and construction of gas respirators (cartridge type) shall be such as to provide protection against low concentrations of certain relatively non-toxic gases. 5.1.2 The respirator shall consist of a facepiece held securely in position with a head harness and connected to a cartridge or cartridges containing absorbent or adsorbent material, and arranged with valves so that all air inhaled by the wearer passes through the cartridges. The exhaled air shall pass direct to the surrounding atmosphere through a non-return valve(s). A particulate filter shall be incor- porated and for some applications it is desirable that readily replaceable pre- filters shall be available. 5.1.3 The cartridge shall be readily replaceable without the use of special tools, and shall be designed or marked to prevent incorrect assembly. 52 FIT When tested in accordance with Appendix C, the fit of the respirator shall ensure that leakage of the test contaminant between the facepiece and the wearers’ faces does not exceed a mean value of 5% for the ten test subjects. 5,3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Respirators shall be capable of meeting the following performance requirements. 5.3.1 Resistance 5.3.1.1 Inhalation. The assembled respirator shall be connected in an airtight manner to a hollow former of suitable shape; air shall be drawn from the atmo- 15BS 2091 : 1969 sphere through the filter cartridgeat the rate of 85 I/min (3 ft?/min). The resistance imposed by the respirator shall not exceed 5 mbar* (50 mmH,O; 2 in H,0). 5.3.1.2 Exhalation. The respirator shall be connected in an airtight manner to a hollow former of suitable shape; air shall be blown into the former at the rate of 85 I/min (3 ft?/min) and passed to the atmosphere through the respirator. The resistance imposed by the respirator shall not exceed 1-25 mbar* (12:5 mmH ¥ in H,O). 5.3.2. Valve leakage. The outlet valve assembly when dry shall not have a leakage exceeding 30 ml/min when tested at a constant suction head of 2-5 mbar* (25 mmH,0; 1 in HO) in accordance with Appendix A. 5.3.3 Cartridge. The cartridge shall be subjected to an adsorption test. The test gas to be used shall be 0:1 % (v/v) trichloroethylene in air at 65% relative humidity. The cartridge shall be equilibrated to constant weight with air at 65% relative humidity at 23 +. 2°C and shall be tested for a period of 20 minutes with continuous aspiration of 16 litres per minute. The test gas shall be completely adsorbed throughout the period of test. 5.3.4 Particulate filter. The effectiveness of the initial protection afforded by the filter system against dust shall be assessed by the method described in BS 2577} or BS 4400¢ and the penetration shall not exceed 5% for any type of filter at a flow rate of 30 I(1 ft®)/min (see Table 4). 5.3.5 Resistance of cartridges to rough usage. The cartridges shall first be tested in accordance with the requirements of 5.3.1.1 and the resistance noted. The cartridges shall then be shaken as described in Appendix E, after which they shall: (1) show no visible deterioration; (2) show no increase of inhalation resistance greater than 0-5 mbar* (5 mmH,0; 0-2 in H,O). (3) comply with the filtering efficiency requirement of 5.3.3 and 5.3.4. 5.4 MARKING Respirators dealt with in this section of the British Standard shall be marked with the following particulars. 5.4.1 Markings on the facepiece. The facepiece shall be marked with: (1) thename, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; (2) the number of this British Standard, i.e. BS 2091 ; (3) the size (if more than one size is available). * 1 mbar = 108 N/m’. + BS 2577, ‘ Methylene blue particulate test for respirator canisters ’. $ BS 4400, ‘ Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters *. 16BS 2091 : 1969 5.4.2. Marking on the supplying container. The month and year of manufacture shall be marked on the supplying container. 5.4.3 Markings on the cartridge. The cartridge shall be marked with: (1) thename, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; (2) the number of this British Standard, ie. BS 2091; (3) an indication of the gases against which protection is given by the cartridge, e.g. ‘ Table 3 of BS 2091’. (4) the month and year in which the cartridge was filled. (5) a warning notice indicating conditions of use, e.g. ‘ for low concentra- tions of non-toxic substances *, 5.4.4 Markings on the cartridge container. The cartridge container shall be marked with the following words: “Not for use in stills, tanks, enclosed places or in any circumstances where a high concentration of gas is likely to be present, or in atmospheres deficient in oxygen’. This British Standard provides for a product concerning personal safety. Manufacturers and purchasers are urged to make use of the scheme operated by the British Standards Institution (see Note, Clause 3.5) whereby the product may bear the registered certification trade mark of BSI.BS 2091 : 1969 TABLE. 1 LIST OF SUBSTANCES SHOWING RECOMMENDED CANISTERS. oS Substance Canister type Acetaldehyde GG) Acetone cc. Acetone cyanohydrin S.H.C. Acridine cc. Acrylaldehyde (acrolein) C.C. Ammonia A. Amyl acetate ih Amy! alcohol cc. | Aniline ics | Arsine cc. Benzene GG, Bromine cc Bromomethane oO. Carbon disulphide Ge Carbon tetrachloride CC, Chlorine iGic: Chloromethane oO. Cyanide dusts Ce, Cyanogen chloride 0. Diazomethane ee, Dichloromethane oO. | Diethyl ether cel | Diketene cc. Ethylene oxide cc, Formaldehyde cc, Hydrogen bromide C.C. or S.H.C, Hydrogen chloride C.C. or S.H.C. Hydrogen cyanide D. Hydrogen cyanide SHC. Hydrogen fluoride C.C. or SHC. Hydrogen sulphide cc, Hydrogen sulphide S.H.C. Substance Canister type Ketene acs Mercury and compounds of mercury Xe), Methanol Gi Methyl bromide _ °. Nitrous fumes NE. Particulate smokes GG: Particulate smokes S.H.C. Particulate smokes NEC. Petroleum vapour (Gee Note 1) GG) Phenol CG, Phosgene (Gh Pyridine Gas Sulphur dioxide GG Sulphur dioxide SHC. Sulphur chloride as Sulphur trioxide Gn Sulphur trioxide S.H.C. Sulphuric acid CE, Sulphuryl chloride GG) Lead alkyl compounds containing TEL and TML Gas Thionyl chloride Gs Toluene ac: Trichloroethylene GG: Xylene cick Organic compounds | boiling at temperatures above 60° c. — NOTE 1. Breathing apparatus should be used in connection with the lighter petroleum hydrocarbons, NOTE 2. Canister respirators should not be used to protect against coal gas or any other gas contai ing carbon monoxide. NOTE 3. Type O canisters may also be used for protection against gases and vapours listed against C.C. canisters, with the exception of those cases where a particulate filter is required. NOTE 4. ‘C’ denotes particulate filter incorporated. 1861 »% » TABLE 2. LIST OF CANISTERS SHOWING SUBSTANCES COVERED (Sce Section 4) ] | Life Absorption test | ee. ee ew | British Maximum | Maximum on Canister colour | . concentra |, ¢xPosuTe concentra- | Minimum type | marking of Recommended for use against tion by maximum) Test gas tion by | exposure | canisters volume | concentra- volume (ON ton | | % | min % | min 1 A Blue | Ammonia 2 | 6 | Ammonia | 2 | 60 C.C.* | Black with | Organic compounds boiling above 1 | 30 | @Phosgene | 1 | 30 grey stripe | 60°C, acetaldehyde, acetone, | and acridine, acrylaldehyde (acrolein), | () Carbon 1 30 amyl acetate, amyl alcohol, aniline, | tetrachlo- | arsine, benzene bromine, carbon * See 4.3.5. disulphide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine, cyanide dusts, diazomenthane, diethyl ether, diketene, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, hydrazine, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulphide, isocyanates, ketene, mercury and compounds of mercury (organic and inorganic), methanol, particulate smokes and dusts, petroleum vapour, phenol, phosgene, pyridine, sulphur dioxide, sulphyr chloride, sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid, sulphuryl chloride, sulphur monochloride, thionyl chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, xylene | ride 6961 + 160¢ SH0c TABLE 2—continued Life Absorption test British Maximum | Maximum Test Canister colour Recommended for use against concentra- |, ¢XPosure concentra- | Minimum type marking of | tion by |¢¢ maximum) Test gas tion by exposure canister | volume “in volume | |x min D | White Hydrogen cyanide oP Hydrogen 1 30 cyanide | H | Half black | All under C.C. (except particulates), | Ammonia 1 30 Half blue | ammonia | Carbon 1 30 tetrachloride | NEC. | Orange | Nitrous fumes, particulate smokes and | 1 | 20 | Nitrous [x 20 with grey | dusts | | fumes | stipe | [@XOyNO) ° Black with | All under C.C, (except particulates), 1 30 | @either =| 1 30 orange | bromomethane (methyl bromide), chloro- | stripe _| chloroethane, chloromethane, | methane | cyanogen chloride, dichloromethane, or | methyl bromide, vinyl chloride, | cyanogen vinylidene chloride | chloride | | and | | | @Asfor | | ia | 1607 S@ 6961:Iz TABLE 2—continued Life | Absorption test British (ania = Canister colour - Maximum | Maximum | Test type marking of Recommended for use against concentra- |, “Xposure concentra- | Minimum ‘canister | tion by FO AXINUM Test gas ice yall excel volume | concentra | volume % min | = min [Eau E S.H.C. Red with | 2-cyanopropan-2-ol (acetone eyanhy- 1 Hydrogen | 1 30 white and | drin), hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide | grey bromide, hydrogen fluoride, sulphur | stripes dioxide, sulphur trioxide, | hydrogen sulphide; acid gases including hydrogen cyanide, particulate smokes and dusts + 1607 S& 696121969 BS 2091 +, Soroydsoune Ar0y90) ur soumy pur IsN¢q , ‘g ‘ON (S9!198 sto) 19[YO09 anoqeT Jo ANSIUIPA 998 4 «| | | | | +(% 10-0) uo! | | | sued paspuny ouo Burpaooxe sonqea | auayéyyo | NWI] pjoysary oavy soourysqns (Sap st 10 sor | 0g =| «LO |e papiaoad sxoystuvo “D‘D 405 sy sore ue, = I | | | uu % wm | % | | | ‘auinyoa | won. | | amsodxa | Xq won anodes ~exju2u09 uinupuryy | -eajusou0 |“ ysag ummm oy | | OL | |" sansodxa. | -vzyuaau03 ysureie asn 105 popuowuorsy smog | dey, | aimuarcepy | amuxeyy | ay = | ys9} wondaosqy ONT | | ( wonsag 29g) SUOLVUldSAA AdAL ADATALUVS AM GYAFAOO SHONVISANS ‘€ ATAVL 22BS 2091 : 1969 TABLE 4. PENETRATION TEST FOR GAS RESPIRATOR CANISTERS AND CARTRIDGES CONTAINING PARTICULATE FILTERS (See Sections 4 and 5) | Maximum ‘Type Method of test | Penetration BS number Canisters Methylene blue particulate test* 2577" | or sodium chloride particulate test + 4400+ | | | i Cartridges | Methylene blue particulate test* | 2577" | or sodium chloride particulate testt | 5 4400+ | * BS 2577, ‘ Methylene blue particulate test for respirator canisters *. + BS 4400, * Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters *. 23BS 2091 : 1969 APPENDIX A TEST FOR STATIC LEAKAGE OF OUTLET VALVES A.1 Description of the leakage meter. The meter illustrated in Fig. 1 consists of a large glass cylinder the open end of which is fitted with a leakproof metal cover and rubber gasket. The cylinder is partly filled with water and the whole assembly is clamped to a base by means of rods and retaining nuts. Extending through the cover are several plain tubes and a calibrated glass. measuring tube. Stopcocks are fitted externally and connections to the source of suction and to the valve leakage jig, are provided. A.2 Method of use. The dry outlet valve, mounted in a suitable jig, is subjected to a suction of 2:5 mbar* (25 mmH,O; 1 in H,O) tending to hold the valve shut. The rate of leakage of air back through the valve is measured on the Teakage meter in the following manner: The suction is adjusted by manipulating stopcock 1 so that steady bubbling is maintained from tube D. Tube A is moved away from its position under the calibrated tube B and stopcock 3 is closed. With stopcock 2 fully open, tube A is then returned to its original position so that the bubbles of air (resulting from valve leakage) issuing from the open end are collected in the calibrated tube B during a measured period of time. APPENDIX B DUST CLOGGING TEST B.1 Nature of test. The test consists of drawing dust-laden air through the respirator filter at 85 I/min (3 ft°/min) and determining the weight of dust col- lected when the resistance has increased to an overall value of 4 mbar* (40 mmH,O; 1:6 in H,O) for Type A respirators, or to mbar* (0 mmH,0; 0-4 in H,O) for Type B respirators. The test is conducted both with air at normal (30 to 60%) relative humidity and with air at approximately 95 % relative humidity in each case at an ambient temperature of 23 +: 2°C. B.2 Description of apparatus. A diagrammatic representation of the apparatus is given in Fig. 2. ‘Dust from the hopper H is conveyed by the rotating turntable T to a point below the entrance nozzle A of the mixing chamber C whereit is entrained into the air stream entering C through nozzle A at a flow rate of 8-5 I/min (0°3 ft?/min). Additional air enters C through the side tube B to give a combined flow of 85 I/min (3 ft?/min) which passes through the filter under test F, regulating valve V, and flowmeter R (calibrated for the reduced pressure) to a suction pump. The pressure drop across the filter is indicated by manometer M. For the tests at high *1 mbar = 10? N/m’, 24BS 2091 : 1969 humidity, the two-way valve K is turned so that the additional air is drawn through the humidifier W where it becomes saturated with water vapour, thus giving the required humidity of approximately 95% after admixture with the drier air entering at A. For tests at ambient humidity, when the humidifier W is not required, K is turned so that air is drawn directly from the atmosphere. The required flow of 8-5 |/min (0:3 ft!/min) through nozzle A is obtained by adjusting the suction pressure in C by means of valve E and manometer N, the flow through nozzle A having previously been calibrated. The humidifier W comprises a chamber containing a number of towelling baffles over which water is circulated from a reservoir at the base of the chamber by means of a small pump. The heat for evaporation is provided by a thermostatically controlled electric heater in the water reservoir, set to maintain the water at ambient temperature. The tem- perature and humidity of the ambient air and of the humidified air are indicated by the wet and dry bulb hygrometers G and J. B.3 Dust. The dust used for the clogging test is a coal dust prepared from Grime- thorpe Washed Singles (upper seams), N.C.B. Coal Rank Code 502, volatile matter 35%; ground by ball mill and graded by sieving, the portion which passes a 240 mesh (63 micron aperture) BS sieve* being used for the test. Typical size distribution data for this dust ar ante comter 15 See SEs Size % Number particles | Size % weight (Equivalent spherical oversize | (Stokes diameter) oversize diameter) (No. > 2:5 pm = 100) | | jam am 25 100 25 89-0 30 65 30 875 5:0 27 5-0 80-5 70 “6 70 17-0 100 TT 100 65:0 15.0 35 150 525 200 19 20-0 36-0 25-0 LL 25:0 31-2 300 06 300 23:2 35-0 O38 | 35:0 15-7 40-0 0-2 40-0 93 + BS 3406, * Methods for the determination of particle size of powders’, Part 2, ‘ Liquid sedimentation methods *. 25BS 2091 : 1969 Quantities of this dust, stored in nitrogen, may be obtained from the Chief Scientist, Barnsley Atea, National Coal Board, Brierley, Nr. Barnsley. B.4 Test procedure. After weighing, the filter under test is connected into the air circuit at the top of the chamber C. Air is drawn through at a total rate of 85 I/min (3 ft*/min) and the flow through the nozzle A is adjusted to 8:5 l/min (0:3 ft?/min). After the flow has passed for 3 minutes for the filter to reach tem- perature and humidity equilibrium with the air, dust is introduced into the hopper H and fed into the apparatus. The air and dust flow is continued at a flow rate of 85 I/min (3 ft/min) until the resistance of the filter indicated by the manometer : M has risen 4 mbar* (40 mmH,0; 1-6 inH,O) for Type A filters, or 5 mbar* (30 mmH,0; 2 inH,0) for Type B. The filter is then taken from the apparatus, any dust on its external casing is removed by brushing, and the filter is reweighed to give the weight of dust deposited. The test is repeated nine times under each humidity condition and the average value of the weight of dust collected is determined for each condition. Different filters, when of the single-stage type without replaceable pre-filter, are used for each test. When the respirator has a main filter fitted with a pre-filter, three successive tests are made on the same main filter, this being shaken clean and the pre-filter renewed according to the manufacturer's instructions for each individual test. The series of three tests is repeated on three different main filters. In the case of respirators employing two or more filters in parallel, the complete filter system is tested as a single unit. The average weight of dust collected on the filter at a resistance of 4 mbar* (40 mmH.0; 1:6 inH,0) or 5 mbar* (50 mmH,O; 2 inH.O) shall not be less than 4 g under either dry or humid conditions. If an aggregate of 36 g of dust is collected in fewer than nine tests, the respirator may, at the discretion of the testing officer, be approved as regards clogging without completing the series. APPENDIX C RESPIRATOR FACE-SEAL LEAKAGE TEST C.1 Introduction C.1.1 General description. A test cloud of sodium chloride particles is maintained around the heads of a number of persons, one at a time, wearing the respirator under test. Salt particles are induced to pass through any opening in the fitting surface of the facepiece by the reduction in pressure within the respirator which occurs on inhalation. Flame photometry is employed to estimate the degree of penetration of the test cloud, Although a large proportion of the inhaled salt is retained in the lungs of the wearers, face-seal leakage in the range 0-001% to 100% may be measured by prior calibration of the apparatus. Since an adapter * 1 mbar = 10? N/m’, 26BS 2091 : 1969 is used to collect the exhaled air, the leakage through the exhaust valve is not taken into account but static tests on this component will give an indication of its performance. C.A.2 Test subjects. Ten clean-shaven persons of the appropriate ethnological type are selected, covering a broad spectrum of facial characteristics (excluding significant abnormalities). C.1.3. Respirators. If more than one size of the respirator to be tested is manu- factured the test subjects are supplied with the appropriate size. C.2 Description of apparatus C.2.1 Test circuit. Only in the test circuit does the apparatus differ from that described in BS 4400* and illustrated in Fig. 3 of this standard. The test circuit comprises the bleed valve F, (which should be closed), the plastics bag G’, the respirator under test with its adapter H’ (which will normally be designed for the particular type of respirator to be tested). C.3 Description of the method for respirator face-seal leakage tests. The apparatus is operated under the same conditions as those obtained during the testing of respirator canisters as described in BS 4400* except that, with the control cock in the TEST position, the test cloud is passed from the evaporation tube to the plastics bag in which the respirator under test is worn. That part of the test cloud which emerges from the exhaust valve is collected by the adapter and taken to the flame photometer test tube. The instrument is calibrated by successively bleeding off and diluting to different degrees the cloud of salt particles. C.4 Assembly and adjustment. The layout, construction and adjustment of the instrument are dealt with in detail in BS 4400*. The only alterations necessary are: (1) to connect the wide bore rubber tube from the bleed valve (closed) to the top front of the plastics bag (see Fig. 3); (2) to connect the adapter which covers the exhaust valve of the respirator under test to a lead-through in the wall of the plastics bag by wide bore, corrugated tube; (3) to connect the lead-through in the plastics bag directly to the test tube of the flame photometer. C5 The electronic apparatus, The electronic apparatus is that described in BS 4400*. * BS 4400, ‘ Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters ’. 27BS 2091 : 1969 C.6 Calibration C.6.1 Clean flame background. The clean flame background should be found as defined in BS 4400*. C.6.2 Main calibration C.6.2.1 Using the apparatus listed in BS 4400* feed the diluted test cloud to the plastics bag. C6.2.2 Procedure for calibration (1) Check the clean flame background with clean air flowing through the test tube. (2) With the atomizer off, turn on the main and diluting air flows and adjust them so that about 0-1 % of the flow to the plastics bag is from the main air flow. (3) A man should be seated beneath the plastics bag which should be supported from above so that the folds drape around his shoulders. Wearing a suitable respirator with inlet valve but without canister his breathing deflection should be found. (4) Add a neutral density filter of value at least 3-0 to the filter already in the light filter box, turn on the salt spray and check that the flow and pressure are correct. (5) Read all flowmeters. (©) Reduce the value of neutral density until a deflection of at least 30 mm above background is obtained on galvanometer range 1. Where the galvanometer deflection oscillates in sympathy with the wearer’s breathing, the maximum deflection should be recorded. (7) Allow the salt cloud to flow through the mixing vessels for a minute or so and read flowmeters and deflection. Note the value of the neutral density filter. (8) Turn off the salt and note the breathing background deflection. (9) Alter flows in the diluting circuit by means of the screw clips and repeat (4)-(8). (10) Obtain at least twelve deflections corresponding to concentrations of between 0-01% and 1% and at least ten deflections between 1% and 100% of the test cloud. (11) Correct all deflections, less the appropriate breathing background, to the readings which would have been obtained with only the interference filter and neutral density filter which gave the standard flame background. (12) Construct a graph on logarithmic scales of corrected deflections against concentration. The best line drawn through the plotted points represents the * BS 4400, ‘ Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters *. 28BS 2091 : 1969 calibration curve and is used in subsequent tests to measure respirator face-seal leakage. C.6.2.3 The precautions listed in BS 4400* and in addition, the following, should be noted: (1) the face-seal leakage of an efficient respirator will probably be masked by the leakage through the normal respirator canister. Therefore, the respirator should be fitted with a high efficiency particulate filter having penetration less than one tenth of the expected face-seal leakage. (2) the wearer should be encouraged to breathe as naturally as_ possible since a low breathing rate will cause instability of the galvanometer deflection. (3) the wearer must sit perfectly still because movement of the head adversely affects the fit of the respirator. (4) the wearer must be kept under constant observation while in the plastics bag. 6.3 Specimen calculation. Respirator face-seal leakages are calculated as described in BS 4400* although because of particle retention in the lung, it will be found that the deflection corresponding to a penetration of 0-001% will only be of the order of 2 mm. C.6.4 Sensitivity. The effects of humidity are taken into account by taking the breathing background deflection, and penetrations are measurable to 0-001 -+ 0-0005%. ‘An increase in sensitivity may be achieved by using an atomizer having a greater mass output of smaller particle size. C.7 Testing of respirator face-seal leakage. The instrument described may be used to measure respirator face-seal leakage on any wearer if it is assumed that the lung retention characteristics do not vary appreciably from man to man, It is essential that the test cloud be composed of dry salt particles although, after travelling through the air passages, some increase in size will occur due to the hygroscopic nature of sodium chloride. C.8 Notes on operation, No special notes are made on the operation of this apparatus to measure face-seal leakage, but those enumerated in BS 4400* should be followed. * BS 4400, ‘ Sodium chloride particulate test for respirator filters '. 29BS 2091 : 1969 APPENDIX D STERILIZATION TEST METHOD FOR MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION All materials except the filter canister or cartridge shall be such as to withstand without visible deterioration, sterilization by one of the following test methods: (1) immersion for ten minutes in a solution of formalin made by placing one part of 40% formaldehyde solution in nine parts of water at a temperature of 20°C, or (2) subjection to a moist atmosphere of antiseptic gas, preferably formalde- hyde, for a period of ten minutes at a temperature of 20°C. APPENDIX E ROUGH USAGE The filter assemblies are placed in a tray and arranged so that each has a moye- ment of 6 mm (% in). The tray is then subjected to a horizontal reciprocating motion for 10 minutes at a rate between 185 and 190 cycles per minute with a stroke amplitude of 83 mm (3% in). 30o aE To suction pump! BS 2091 : 1969 p To test valve Rotatable joint 3 fs aa nh, Metal cover with 1 | rubber gasket clamped by rods to wood base —— & zs Filled with water to height of zero on measuring tube! Swing leakage tube, glass 0-154 ii side diameter. Glass measuring tube calibrated in 0-1 cc approx. +7%2_ in outside diameter. Glass cylinder, approximately jameter, 12 in high. Bubbler tube for 1 in w.g. suction, 14 in outside diameter x 0-189 in inside diameter. Cock for adjusting suction from pump. Cock for closing off suction from test valve as required. Cock for refilling measuring tube with water. Fig. 1. Leakage meter aloy a 8 ne pele v i oO Air suction a T SSS) Manometer’M+ Filter F Rotameter ree a ixing é chamber c |engmeter e Vibrator lverneese Two way valve 7 kK T Dust hopper H | T Vibrator: B Valve E Nozzle A ae Hygrometer G, | = Turntable a ees ater heater— Air “inlet a . Dust clogging test apparatusve Clean compressed air — Dry clean air Control cock Lays Se ww = Hydrogen Ta AC mains cmt I Respirator test Fig. 3. Flow diagram for respirator face seal test J 1602 S& 6961:BS 2091 : 1969 SUMMARY OF PARTS SHOWN IN FIG. 3 Description Atomizer HP. air flowmeter Air pressure gauge Evaporation tube L.P. air flowmeter Biced valve Plastics bag Respirator Test tube Vertical fiame tube Fined horizontal tube Light filter box Photo-multiplier unit ELT. unit Galvanometer Manometer Air filter Valves ee V" |"Drying tower W | Blower (motor driven) X | Nozzle 35BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION The British Standards Institution was founded in 1901 and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1929, The principal objects of the Institution as set out in the charter are to co-ordinate the efforts of producers and users for the improvement, standardization and simplification of engineering and industrial materials; to simplify production and distribution; to eliminate the waste of time and material inyolyed in the production ofan unnecessary variety of patterns and sizes of articles for one and the same purpose; to set up standards of quality and dimensions, and to promote the general adoption of British Standards. In carrying out its work the Institution endeavours to ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints. Before embarking on any project it must be satisfied that there is a strong body of opinion in favour of pro- ceeding and that there is a recognized need to be met. The Institution is a non-profit-making concern. It is financed by subscriptions from members—individuals, companies, technical and trade associations, and other bodies interested in its work, by a Government grant and by the sale of its publications. Membership of the Institution confers a number of specific rights and privileges. The demands on the servic tion are steadily increasing and can only be met if con- tinuing and increased support is provided by those who use British Standards. of the Institu- Printed in England by Waterlow & Sons Limited « London + Dunstable » Hyde (239165]L)