Jonnelle F. Delos Santos Activity no.

4 (Logic)
BSIT 1-A COSC 50

In 1 – 8, for each given sentence: a) Identify the hypothesis “p” b) Identify the conclusion
“q”
1) If it rains, then the game is cancelled.
p – when it rains
q - the game is cancelled.
2) If it is 9:05 a.m., then I’m late to class.
p – if it is 9:05am
q – I’m late to class.
3) When it rains, then I do not have to water the lawn.
p – when it rains
q – I do not have to water the lawn.
4) You can get to the stadium if you take the Third Avenue bus.
p: You can get to the stadium
q: You can take the third Avenue bus
5) The perimeter of a square is 4x + 8 if one side of the square is x + 2.
p: The perimeter of a square is 4x+8
q: The one side of the square is x+2
6) If a polygon has exactly three sides, it is a triangle.
p: The polygon has exactly three sides
q: It is a triangle
7) If the shoe fits, wear it.
p: The shoes fit
q: Wear it
8) When you have a headache, you should take time out and get some rest.
p: When you have a headache
q: You should take time out and get some rest

In 9 – 14, write each sentence in symbolic form, using the given symbols.

p: The test is easy. q: Sam studies. r: Sam passes the test.

9) If the test is easy, then Sam will pass the test. _q – Sam studies
10) If Sam studies, then Sam will pass the test. _p – the test is easy
11) If the test is not easy, then Sam will pass the test. _q – Sam studies
12) The test is easy if Sam studies. _r – Sam passes the test
13) Sam will not pass the test if Sam doesn’t study. _q – Sam studies
14) Sam passes the test if the test is easy. _q – Sam studies

In 15 – 22, for each given statement: a) Write the statement in symbolic form, using the
symbols given below. b) Tell whether the conditional statement is true or false, based
upon the truth values given.
 r: The race is difficult. TRUE
p: Karen practices. FALSE
w: Karen wins the race. TRUE

15) If Karen practices, then Karen will win the race.

_p→w (true)_
16) If Karen wins the race, then Karen has practiced.
_w→p (false)_
17) If Karen wins the race, the race is difficult.
_w→p (true)_
18) Karen wins the race if the race is not difficult.
_w↔⁓r (false)_
19) Karen will not win the race if Karen does not practice.
_⁓w↔p⁓ (false)_
20) Karen practices if the race is difficult.
_p↔r (false)_
21) If the race is not difficult and Karen practices, then Karen will win the race.
_(⁓r^p)→w (true)_
22) If the race is difficult and Karen does not practice, then Karen will not win the
race.
_(r^~p)→~w (true)_

In 23 – 39, symbols are assigned to represent sentences and truth values are assigned to
these sentences.
Let j represent “I jog.” TRUE
Let d represent “I diet.” FALSE
Let g represent “I feel well.” TRUE
Let h represent “I get hungry.” TRUE

For the compound sentences in symbolic form: a) Write a complete sentence in words to
show what the symbols represent. b) Tell whether the compound sentence is true or false.

23) j → g - If I jog then I feel well.

24) d → h - If I diet then I get hungry.
25) h → d - If I get hungry then I diet.
26) ~ g → j - If I’m not feeling well then I jog.
27) ~ g → ~ j - If I’m not feeling well then
28) g → ~ h - If I feel well them I don’t get hungry.
29) h → ~ d - If I get hungry then I’m not diet.
30) ~ d → ~ h - If I’m not diet then I’m not get hungry.
31) ~ j → ~ g - If I don’t jog then I’m not feeling well.
32) j → d - If I jog then I diet.
33) (j Λ h) → g - If I jog and I get hungry then I feel well.
34) j → (h Λ g) - If I jog then I get Hungry and I feel well.
35) (j V d) → h - If I jog or I diet then I get hungry.
36) d → (h Λ g) - If I diet then I get hungry and I feel well.
37) ~ j → (d Λ h) - If I don’t jog then I diet and I get hungry.
38) (j Λ h) → d - If I jog and I get hungry then I diet.

In 39 – 44, state the word, phrase, or symbol that can be placed in the blank to make the
resulting sentence true.

39) When p and q represent two simple sentences, the conditional if p then q is written
symbolically as _p→q_.
40) The conditional if q then p is written symbolically as _q→p_.
41) The conditional p → q is false only when p is _True_ and q is _ False_.
42) When the conclusion q is true, the p → q must be _True_.
43) When the hypothesis p is false, the p → q must be _True_.
44) If the hypothesis p is true and the conditional p → q is true, then the conclusion q
must be _True_.

In 45 – 49, write each bi-conditional in symbolic form, using the symbols given.

t: The triangle is a right triangle.

r: The triangle contains a right angle.
n: The triangle contains a 90 degree angle.

45) A triangle is a right triangle if and only if it contains a right angle. _t↔r_
46) A triangle contains a 90 degree angle if and only if it is a right triangle. _n↔t_
47) A triangle contains a 90 degree angle if and only if it contains a right angle. _n↔r_
48) If a triangle is a right triangle, then it contains a 90 degree angle, and if the triangle
contains a 90 degree angle, then it is a right triangle. _(t↔h)^(n→t)_
49) A triangle is not a right triangle if and only if it does not contain a 90 degree angle.
_t↔~n_