Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HMT 2
HMT 2
HMT 2
PROJECT REPORT
on
“Comparison between two different coolants of
radiator using Ansys fluent”
Session: 2022-23
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Mechanical Engineering
Under Guidance Of
Dr. Nagendra Prasad Yadav
(Head of Department Mechanical Engineering)
By
Pradeep Kumar (2004340026)
Pranav Agarwal (2004340029)
Rohit Singh (2004340032)
Shishant Kumar Vimal (2004340039)
Ayush Singh (2004340015)
Semester: 5th
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project titled" Comparison between two different
coolants of radiator using Ansys fluent " has been successfully completed
by Pranav Agarwal (2004340029), Pradeep Kumar (2004340026), Rohit
Singh (2004340032), Shishant Kumar Vimal (2004340039), Ayush Singh
(2004340015), under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor's
Degree in Mechanical engineering from Bundelkhand Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Jhansi U.P India 284128 During the academic
year 2022-2023.
Date:
Mechanical Engineering
Acknowledgment
Radiators are used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the
purpose of cooling. They are used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in
automobiles, railway locomotives, stationary power generating plants etc. The radiator
essentially transfers heat from the coolant inside to the surrounding ambient air
enhancing performance of the engine. A model of radiator with rectangular and
louvered fins are developed using Pro/Engineer and further CFD analysis is performed
with ANSYS 14.5 for a relative comparison of geometry of fins on performance of the
radiator. Aluminum alloy 6061 is considered in either case to analyze the heat transfer
capabilities of louvered fins and rectangular fins.
Keywords: Rectangular fin, louvered fin, Aluminum alloy 6061, Automotive radiator, Nano fluid, Wavy
and Louvered fin, Circular tube geometry, performance parameters.
Table of content
S. no. Topic
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
6. Conclusion
7. References
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer heat or thermal energy from one medium to another for
the purpose of cooling and heating. Automobile radiator is used to cool down automotive engine. If
it’s not done various problems like knocking, piston deformation, cylinder deformation etc. can
happen. If radiator works properly cooling system will work properly in turn engine performance will
increase.
Radiators are used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-
engine aircraft, railway locomotives, motorcycles, stationary generating plant or any similar use of
such an engine. Internal combustion engines are often cooled by passing a liquid called engine coolant
through the engine block, where it is heated, then through the radiator itself where it loses heat to the
atmosphere, and then back to the engine in a closed loop. Engine coolant is usually water-based, but
may also be oil. It is common to employ a water pump to force the engine coolant to circulate, and
also for an axial fan to force air through the radiator.
The secondary flow forms two sets of distinct recirculating vortices along the diameter of the
pipe, as shown in Fig. 1. This secondary flow has the function of enhancing heat transfer due to
liquid mixing in the tube. The improved heat transfer coefficient in curved tubes was due to
centrifugal force pushing the fluid particles towards the core region, creating a secondary flow
field.
The strength of the secondary flow generated in the tube is a function of the tube diameter (d)
and the coil diameter (D). This increased intensity of secondary flow allows for better fluid
mixing and better heat transfer at the same flow rate.
Increase in tube and coil diameters, which reduced the occurring secondary flow and thus
reduced the heat transfer coefficient.
First, the coolants flow through this passage in the engine block and pick up the heat from the engine
as shown in Figure 2. The liquid which is heated passes through a rubber hose and goes towards the
radiator. Then, the compartment of an engine in the car which intakes the air stream will cool this
liquid. This is how the cooling system works. An equipment called thermostat which is located in
between the radiator and engine and will ensure the coolant always maintains above an optimum level
of temperature. When the temp of coolant tumbles lower than the optimum temp, the coolant's flow
will be blocked by the thermostat into the radiator and this forces the liquid through a bypass which
directs back to the engine. In order to avert the boiling of coolant, the engine cooling network is
sketched such that it can be pressurized which makes coolants boiling point to increase substantially
under applied pressure
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review findings on helical coil heat exchanger are mentioned in this
section.
• In this application, heat pipes were incorporated into the radiator of the
automotive engine for more efficient heat transfer. The cooling load of the
radiator can be increased for heavy-duty engines, while the power consumption
of the cooling fan can be reduced for higher energy efficiency.
• This research paper works on measuring the coefficients of heat transfer in the
radiator of an automobile with 2 different functional liquids: Al2O3 EG/W based
Nanofluid (NF) and ZrO2 EG/W based NF by experimental methods and at
different magnitudes of the level and the underneath presumptions are created
from the analysis.
• This paper outlines the effect on cooling capacity while using nanofluid based
coolant in engine cooling system. Through this, it was discovered that nano-fluid
increases heat transfer which has higher thermal conductivity than base coolant
which blends of 50%/50% ethylene glycol and water. When same heat transfer
occurs compared to base one of the radiators, its core area can be reduced.
Ethylene glycol as a coolant in the radiator when used compared to the nanofluid,
the thermal performance of a radiator is raised by increasing power
CHAPTER 3
• This project focuses finding the convective heat transfer coefficient and Log
Mean Temperature Difference of automobile Radiator and analyzing various
parameters that affect the efficiency of radiator, varying various parameters
such as flow rate and temperature. It also works on radiator performance
analysis.
MODELLING
Fig: model
Mathematical modelling
The governing equations are assumed to be steady state for in compressible fluid and
the fluid inside the tube has Newtonian behavior. The density of the water and ethylene
glycol-based nanofluids is almost constant under pressure. Ambient temperature and an
air velocity through the air-cooled exchanger are assumed to constant. Inlet velocity and
temperature of the circular tube is uniform. Thermal equilibrium is established between
the Nanoparticles and the base fluid. The wall resistance and fouling factors are taken
as negligible.
MESHING
Initially a relatively coarser mesh is generated. This mesh contains mixed cells
(triangular and quadrilateral cells) having both triangular and quadrilateral faces at
the boundaries. It is meant to reduce numerical diffusion as much as possible by
structuring the mesh in a well manner, particularly near the wall region. Later on, a
fine mesh is generated.
• Nodes = 311843
• Elements = 1259324
CHAPTER 4
SOLUTION
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
• Temperature of Inlet of coolant 80 C
• Temperature of air in surrounding 27 C
• Velocity of inlet of coolant 0.2m/s
• Velocity of air in surrounding 10m/s
Water As Coolant :
OUTLET CONTOUR(PRESSURE) OUTLET CONTOUR(TEMPERATURE)
CONCLUSION
1) The main comparison shows that water will perform better as the coolant than
commercial Ethylene glycol.
2) Less rise of temperature will occur in water than in Ethylene Glycol at same
Higher external temperature.
3) It can also be derived from the same that another commercial coolant i.e.,
Propylene Glycol will also be less efficient than Water.
5)
WATER
REFERENCES
• [1] Kharat Rahul., Bhardwaj Nitin., Jha R.S., Development of heat transfer
coefficient correlation for concentric helical coil heat exchanger, International
Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol.-48 (2009) 2300–2308.
• [2] Numerical And Experimental Studies of a Double pipe Helical Heat Exchanger
by Timothy John Rennie, Dept. of Bio-resource Engg. McGill University, Montreal
August 2004.
• [3] Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in helically coiled heat
exchangers by J.S. Jayakumar, S.M. Mahajani, J.C. Mandal, P.K. Vijayan, and
Rohidas Bhoi, 2008, Chemical Engg Research and Design 221-232.
• [4] Ferng, Numerically investigated effects of different Dean Number and pitch
size on flow and heat transfer characteristics in a helically coil-tube heat exchange.