AIRBORNE LASER (LiDAR) TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY SYSTEM

1. WHAT IS LIDAR? 1
LiDAR acronym for Light Detection and Ranging A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of pulsed laser light reflected from their surfaces LiDAR carries own sources of laser light which capable to measure day and night. Can be used for wide variety of tasks and ideal for agricultural planning, mining survey, river catchments survey and flood mapping. Provides value beyond conventional survey without time constraint.

2. 2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Aerial Platform 2. GPS - Air System 3. GPS Ground 4. Inertial System 5. Laser 6. Camera

SYSTEM COMPONENTS EQUIPMENT

1) Laser Component Measure up to 200 000 laser pulses per second (or more) at a mirror scan angle of up to 20 degrees either side of the vertical. Measure the first and last reflection. O Operating h i ht range from 100 to 3000m ti heights f 100m t 3000 above ground, resulting in a single swathe coverage ranging from 70m to 2000m. 2) GPS Component ) p Consists of two ground based duel frequency GPS receivers and one air GPS receiver. 3) Navigational Component C Consists of a GPS based mission control system i t f b d i i t l t that supplies the necessary navigation information in a graphical interface to both the operator and the pilot. 4) Digital Imaging Component Consists of Kodak DCS 420 or Hasselblad digital cameras controlled by an onboard computer. Stores overlapping images in 24-bit color on a removable hard disk disk.

3. 3 THE METHODOLOGY
DATA ACQUISITION

DATA PROCESSING

DATA ACQUISITION
FLIGHT PLANNING

DETERMINE FLYING HEIGHT & SPEED

LASER PULSE RATE

SWATH WIDTH

MIRROR SPEED

CAMERA ORIENTATION & EXPOSURE INTERVAL

LIDAR AND DIGITAL IMAGERY FIXED ON AIRCRAFT / EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION

GROUND CONTROL VERIFICATION & CALIBRATION

SATISFIED

LIDAR AND DIGITAL IMAGERY DATA ACQUISITION

SIMULTENOUSLY

GPS SURVEY AT GROUND BASE

DATA ACQUISITION COMPLETED

Positional Satellite

LiDAR & Digital Imagery

Data Captured

Ground Control

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DATA PROCESSING

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Imagery

DTM Model

ORTHOPHOTO and INTENSITY IMAGE Product

DTM_Point

5m Contour

DTM and CONTOUR Product

Intensity Image Product

4. ACCURACY
Laser points at accuracy of X and Y 0.05 to 0.1 meters (depend on distance from GPS Base Station) and Z 15 cm to 1m depending on terrain type and vegetation covers. Produces orthophotos with a pixel size of 15 to P d th h t ith i l i f t 20cm at 1,000m flying height or 5cm at 200m flying height. Imagery accuracy of 0.2m and are primarily used for identifying detail.

5. CONCLUSION
The LiDAR Survey system is the best solution for fulfill the topographic data with high accuracy data result. p g p g y The LiDAR survey system is also more efficient and cheaper if we compare with conventional survey system. The LiDAR survey system is suitable for big and large area survey and big mapping scale. The LiDAR survey system has good data result with 0.3m to 1.0m point spacing on the clear area and 5.0m to 10.0m point spacing on the jungle area The data might helpful for Geological Modeling coal area. Modeling, reserve volume calculation and mine design for short term and long term planning. The system can decrease of human accident, equipment damages and environment destruction. The terrestrial survey system is still can be use for the small area survey.

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