Chapter two

 
CHAPTER two
1 0 I N T R O D U C T I O N
A Petrol Station, Filling Station, Gas Station, Fueling
Station, or Service Station is a facility which sells fuel and
lubricants for motor vehicles, the most common fuel sold
is petrol and kerosene [Wikipedia]. CHAPTER ONE 10
INTRODUCTION A Petrol Station, Filling Station, Gas Station, Fueling
Station, or Service Station is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants for
motor vehicles, the most common fuel sold is petrol and kerosene.
According to Keble (1968), Petrol stations should be located not only
where they are in fact accessible but where they can be easily located
by strangers and that, in details, they should be placed where they will
little danger and congestion as, much possible. According to the central
place theory (Christallers, 1966), Service point could be distributed
rationally according to the size, spacing or distance and population to
be served. This means that, demand for products sold at filling stations
would be satisfied by a system of service points at the central places.
Consequently, the tangible expression in the landscape of any urban
activities should be distributed on of service points at which a variety of
demands are satisfied. Losch (1954) has argued, however, that it is
possible to have unequal distribution of service centre’s (i.e. central
places) around the metropolis producing city rich and city poor sector.
An urban planner faces challenges of location of facilities and services
that as a result exposed our urban populace to some dangers. Kaduna is
one the town that experiences these problems that arises as a result of
un-coordinated development. The higher concentration of petrol filling
stations in Kaduna town most especially in the city centre has resulted
in problem in like traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. Areas
worst hit are Ahmadu Bello way and Ali Akilu way where there are
higher concentration of traffic generating land uses which includes
filling stations that are located very close to each other, with
inadequate set-back of space while others were sited on roundabouts.
Therefore the need for a study on the spatial analysis of the distribution
and location of filling stations in Kaduna North Local Government using
GIS techniques becomes imperative, even though different approaches
had been carried out in other to have a convenient and aesthetic
environment for working and living. 1.1 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS More than half of fast growing world population is living in
urban areas, and this is only expected to grow in more coming decades
(USAID, 2001). Most of the urban centers in the world are exposed to
some hazards, such as traffic congestion, pollution and many more
problems resulting from uncoordinated development. Apart from these
hazards, cities are also confronted with other problems like accidents,
explosion and fire. Urban centers have a varying degree of vulnerability,
depending on the level of development, copping capacity and the level
to which effective development control strategies have been
implemented. In most urban areas, the high demand placed on land
resulted to illegal conversion, leading to haphazard development and
the deliberate location of petrol stations in unsuitable areas and highly
vulnerable to hazard (KASUPDA, 2009). Kaduna develop without a
proper development planning and suffers problems like traffic
congestion, air pollution, explosion and fire, encroachment on right of
way of the road network, as a result of non-adherence to planning
Laws. In a highly urbanized environment like Kaduna, Filling station is a
significant contributor to traffic problems like traffic problems like
traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. The extent of these
problems depends on the criteria or variable such as location, size and
set back from road e.t.c. Areas close to filling stations witness a lot of
noise, congestion and other traffic related problems, especially when
there is fuel scarcity which resulted in long queuing or where the fillings
does not conform with planning standards. Indiscriminate parking leads
to reduction in width of carriageway meant for the efficient movement
of automobiles and pedestrians. Thus it becomes a major problem in
our cities and especially in the Central Business District, where
multistorey buildings are common and the land use is devoted mostly
to commercial purpose. The resultant effect of such illegal parking and
queuing therefore is traffic congestion, lost of productive hours and
delay journey. Most of these problems identified problems of filling
stations still persist in Kaduna due to lack of adherence to planning
regulations. This work, therefore addresses the problem confronting
urban environment in its bids to ensure sustainable location of filling
stations. This study explored GIS capability to analysis the spatial
location of filling stations in Kaduna North Local Government Area
Kaduna State and proffer ways of ensuring strict compliance to
planning laws and regulations with regards to petroleum filling stations
location. To achieve a desired goal, this work identifies area of high
concentration of filling stations in Kaduna North Local Government
Area. Even though some studies had been carried out ,in relation to
this, prominent among them are : Assessing the environmental
sensitivity of petrol station in Europe,(Davies 2008),optimal location of
petrol pumps (Ayuba, 1998),Side potentiality of petrol station based on
traffic counts,(Abdulwahhab 2006), Locational pattern of petrol stations
in Kaduna (Ikuadabo 1998),Location and distribution of petrol stations
in Kaduna (Adamu, 2000) and Application of GIS in locating facilities and
services (A case study of petrol stations in NCBD Kenya), (Nyanya 2010).
The studies mentioned above are robust; however there are avenues
for further research. Not much had been done for developing nations
and moreover the parameters used such as site, geographical location,
optimal location e.t.c. used in studying petrol stations are still
inadequate. In any case filling stations can not be entirely study using
only these criteria’s .they empherical literature had proved that the
later class of variables has explanatory powers but the analysis was not
taken forward in terms of the inclusion of the use of GIS for studying
the spatial location and distribution of petrol stations. 1.2 AIM AND
OBJECTIVES AIM The aim of study is to analyze the spatial distribution
of petrol filling stations in Kaduna North Local Government Area
Kaduna state. To achieve the aim the following objectives will be
studied: 1 To identify and locate petrol filling station is Kaduna North
LGA. 2 To determine the conformity of distribution of petrol filling
station with the physical planning standards. 3 To examine the
implication of the spatial distribution of petrol filling station is Kaduna
North Local Government Area. 1.3 SCOPE AND LIMINTATION The scope
of this is to analyze the spatial distribution of filling stations in Kaduna
North Local Government Area, Kaduna state. Difficulties in obtaining
information from agencies and parastals as well as finances and time
were the major limitation encountered by the researcher. 1.4 STUDY
AREA Kaduna is located on 100 3 23 North of the equator and 70 20 25
East of the Greenwich meridian, Kaduna is the administrative
headquarters’ of old Northern Nigeria and Kaduna state capital.
(Wikipedia, 2010). Figure 1: MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING KADUNA STATE
Figure 2: MAP OF KADUNA SHOWING KADUNA NORTH 1.5
JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY Spatial analysis of the location and
distribution of petrol stations will prevent and prevail a qualitative
urban environment for living, working and recreation. The problem of
indiscriminate location of petrol stations is taking place at alarming rate
in almost all Nigerian cities and Kaduna metropolis inclusive. Therefore,
the study is relevant to Kaduna North Local Government as a frame
work for the state government, and stakeholders. It will serve as a
guide for individuals, developers and other stakeholders. Finally to the
Researchers it will also serve a base for further research work and
reference material for researchers who intend to carry out similar
research in the future. CHAPTER TWO CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND
LITERATURE REVIEW 10 INTRODUCTION This chapter tends to review
some related literature and also link with the present situation. 2.1
REVIEW OF RELEVANT LETERATURE There has been a growing literature
both empherical as well as theoretical to analyses the location of petrol
and establish the factors of location of filling stations on our towns and
cities. Important studies include: 2.2.1 Assessing the environmental
sensitivity of petrol stations in Europe, Davies, 2008. Davies access
location in Europe with emphasis on environmental sensitivity. In his
work he focuses on the scale of potential risk of these stations on the
environment and human resources. 2.2.3 Optimal location of petrol
pumps (integrating GIS with mathematical model) (Ayub, 1998). This
study was conducted for Saudi Arabia by which focuses on the optimal
location of petrol pumps by integrating GIS and mathematical models.
2.2.4 Site potentiality base on traffic counts (Abdulwahab, 2006). He
analyses site potentiality of petrol stations based on traffic volume and
other factors that affects location of filling stations as well as effect of
location of filling stations as well as effects of petro fillings on the
environment and human beings. 2.3.5 Geographical location of petrol
stations in Nigeria,(Lawal, 2006). He studied the Geographical location
of service station in relation to other services as well as their spatial
locations, factors to be considered before sitting a petrol station as well
as effect of such stations to environment. 2.2.6 Locational pattern of
petrol stations in Kaduna, (Ikuadabo, 1998). Ikuadabo based his work
on locational pattern fuel service station in Kaduna, he studied how
they are spatially distributed. 2.2.7 Location and Distribution of petrol
stations in Kaduna (Adamu, 2000) Attempted to identify the cause and
dimension of problems that arise as a result of locating a filling station
in Kaduna and also its effects on settlements around. 2.2.8 Application
of GIS in locating facilities and services (A case study of petrol stations
NCBD, Kenya), Nyanya, 2010. This study employs the use of GIS
technology in locating of facilities and services with special emphases
on filling stations. He uses GIS technology to study all filling stations in
their spatial context. Studies mentioned above are robust; however,
there are avenues for further research. Not much work had been
carried out for developing countries. More over approaches employed
by previous researcher in studying his is no enough. In any case, the
spatial analysis of the location and distribution of petrol stations using
GIS will go further toin studying these filling stations in their spatial
context with a view to addressing the problems that may arises as a
result. 2.2 CONCEPTS 2.1.1 PETROL STATION A petrol station is a retail
establishment where motor vehicle are refueled, lubricated, serviced,
and sometimes repaired (Friedman, 1978). Most petrol stations sell
petrol or diesel, some carry specialty fuels such as liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane while
the rest add shops to their primary business, And convenience stores
(The American Heritage Dictionary, 2004).Meanwhile. Petrol retailer or
entrepreneur is any person who carries on a business which sells petrol
retailer or entrepreneur is any person who carried on motor vehicles
(Sedgwick, 1969). 2.1.2OTHER GUIDE LINES FOR LOCATION FOR PETROL
FILLING STATIONS. A petrol station shall not be located less than 330
feet (100.6 meters) from a road intersection, traffic network, level
crossing and other vehicular points to avoid traffic congestion. a. Filling
stations should not be located less than 100.6 meters from school,
hospital, theaters, clinic and other public and semi-public buildings. This
is to avoid fire disaster in the public places. b. To filling bay should have
enough setbacks from the centre of the abutting roads? c. The use of
filling stations as motor garage, loading and off loading points, repair
workshop or put to other unauthorized used, should be discouraged on
strictly enforced. d. Filling stations should not be allowed in residential
stress, dead-end streets and loop streets (crescent), to safe guard fire
hydrant, bucket with send, fire extinguisher, wash hand basin, water
closet, grease trap and first aid box. 2.1.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEM (GIS) Geographic Information system (GIS) can be looked upon
as a computer software hardware, data and personnel to help
manipulate, analyze, and present information, that is tied to a spatial or
geographic location (shayya, 2004) this is a very general definition, and
to expand it, (GIS is defined as a computer system which stores for each
feature (Bail & Klosterman, 2001). It is a tool that allows for the
processing of spatial data into information and sis used to make
decisions about some portion of the earth (Demers, 2000 shayya,
2004). 2.1.4GUIDELINES FOR LOCATION OF PETROL FILLING STATIONS 1
Site layout The major consideration governing site layout relate to
matters of traffic flow and safety. The final solution is nearly uneasily
compromise between commercial viability and satisfactory planning. 2
Location Economically, an ideal location is at the point of intersection of
major traffic routes. The prime position however, must be at a spot
where the flow is comparatively slow in order to attract the attention of
the customers an motorist from planning point of view, a petrol station
should not be cited opposite a break in a centre which is likely to
encourage the traffic to cross the road or should it be close to a
junction on roundabout, it could be advantageous to place it where
traffic flows, provided it does not interface with turning and leaving
traffic. 3 Entrance and exit The entrance and exit should both give clear
line of vision, a one way system of service is preferable, a clear line is of
great advantage and plenty of space should be allowed for queuing
during peak periods. 4 Auxiliary Apart from traffic consideration; area
care might activities have to be exercised over auxiliary activities such
as car repair and sales of goods. These can often cause additional
congestion in the particular area. 5 Design and appearance The design
and appearance of a filing station is important, not only in it structure
and layout but also in display of advertisements which with this type of
development can reach Absurd and usually disastrous proportion with
the above statements, planners should study critically the location
petrol stations before given their consent so as to be sure that the
petrol station is of good location in relation to abutting road, and the
economical point of view should be considered as well. Source: Adamu
S. (1994) 2.1.5 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL FOR FILLING STATIONS
Vehicles leaving or entering petrol filling station, not only reduce the
effective capacity of the roadway, they also are likely to cause
accidents. The minimum distance between two (2) installations should
be 90 meters it is desirable to space filling stations at 400 meters apart.
The table below gives the minimum requirements concerning the
design of cellars roadway and the location of installation. 2.1.6 PETROL
FILLING STATION MINIMUN DISTANCE. a. Distance from intersection
500m b. Distance apart 400m c. Drive way width entry exit 9m d.
Frontage width 50m e. Drive way width (entry or exit only) 3m f. Radius
of kerb 12m g. Setback of pump from pavement edge 5m 2.1.7
PROCEDURE AND CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION OF PETROL FILLING
STATION. a. Application for approval to construct a filling station for
retailing petroleum products to the public shall be submitted to the
head of petroleum inspectorate, giving details of the proposals and any
information that may be relevant for the project. In addition, the
following document must a company the application. b. Three copies of
a plan showing the building existing proposed on the site and the
relation of the site, the roadway and adjoining land use. c. A certificate
signed by the chief federal/state fire officer or by an officer authorized
by him in his behalf, that he is satisfied that the arrangement proposed
for the prevention of fire are satisfactory. d. A letter a approved form
the town planning authority of the area for the construction of a petrol
station on the proposed site. e. A certificate signed by a state police
commissioner or a supervisor police in charge of police motor traffic
division that he is satisfied that the site and layout of the proposed
filling station do not constitute an unnecessary traffic hazard. f.
Evidence that the company applying is duly registered by the federal
ministry of commerce to deal in petroleum products. g. Tax receipt or
clearance certificate for the proceeding those years. After the above
listed document has been submitted inspection of the site will then be
arranged. h. Approval will be granted by the inspectorate. If the
proposed site fulfils the necessary conditions stipulated in the
regulations. 2.1.8 STANDARD FOR SITTING PETROL FILLING STATIONS. 1
Sitting of petrol station a. Residential areas b. Commercial/indu strial
areas – A petrol filling station should be sited for every 5000 people. – A
petrol filling station should be sited 200 meters away from the next
petrol station. 2 Distance between filling stations – Distance of filling
station from another should be within the range of 400 and above
meters within the buildup areas. – NB: These distance are applicable to
single a carriage way. – A petrol station can be on either sides of
carriage way. 3 Distance from centre of the Road. – The minimum
distance from center of the road to the dispensing pump on single
carriage way should be 20 meters. – The minimum distance from center
of the dispensing pump on dual carriage way should be 50 meters. –
Petrol should not be sited on areas prone to erosion or flooding. – A
petrol station should not be sited near endangered plant and animal
species. – A petrol station should be sited 50 meters away in all angles
of the buildup areas to create a buffer zone for the residential houses. –
The buffer zone can be devoted to any non-residential use. 4 Set-back
requirement – The minimum of the plot within the buildup area should
(1000m2 ) – Plot size beyond peripheral area should be 60m x 80
(4800m2 , 0.4 hectares 1.186 acres) – NB: sitting a petrol station within
the build up area should be discouraged as much as possible. 5 Land
requirements – A petrol station provides at least two (2) public
conveniences when submitting application further filling for the grand
of planning permission. – Application for a petrol filling station must
have KEPA’s report, KASUPDA’s planning report’ feasibility study police
and for service report. – A petrol filling station should provide detailed
drawing to the fire fighting measures to be installed which should be in
accordance with national fire fighting code of Nigeria when submitting
plans for the grant of planning permission. CHAPTER THREE 3.1
METHODOLOGY This chapter looks into different methods used for data
collection. These techniques apply for sourcing out data includes field
observation, interview, and relevant literatures. Data in any research
whether scientific or social science largely divided into two types that is
primary and secondary methods of data collection. PRIMARY DATA 1.
This is the first primary data; obtained through physical observations
and interviews. This was in order to identify and study the high
concentration of filling station in Kaduna town most especially in the
city centre. 2. The second primary data was obtained by using GPS
receiver to record the locations of filling station within the study area.
Also surveyed, where the location of important features that are not on
existing map. SECONDARY DATA These are extracts and documented
literature gotten from journals, thesis, agencies, and information
downloaded from the internet. The map of Kaduna north was obtained
from the Kaduna state ministry of lands. The map was digitized into GIS
environment. ArcMap was used for proper distribution of filling station
on the map. 3.2 FIELD OBSERVATION This is a very important technique
that is used in data collection, it involves going to the field to observe,
feel and move the object. This method affords the researcher to see
things on their natural stage and also help to consolidate what was
theoretically thought in class to the life situation. This method allows
firsthand information of the subject matter. In the course of this study,
visits were made to the filling station and question was answer from
the owners and managers of the filling stations. 3.3 GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION Odedare [1991], define GIS as a ‘’
system for integration of spatially referenced data for decision making
in a problem solving environment. In other words, GIS is a decision
making tool that deals with decision that have to do with utilization of
space, how we organized things in space, the emphases is on spatial
data. Its strength is in the ability to bring in data from different sources,
integrate them in different ways in order to solve particular spatial
problem’’. This definition seems to be very elaborate by incorporating
all the attribute of GIS, and it was agreed by Jones [1997] who, defined
GIS as ‘’computer system capable of acquiring, storing, analyzing,
retrieving, processing and displaying geographic data’’. This definition
successful spells out the functionalities of GIS. Sowton [1990] also
defined GIS as system that allows the capture and display of a number
of previously unconnected datasets, bringing them into a common
reference system for spatial analysis from which relationship can be
identified and decision made. GIS technology has developed rapidly
over the past 3 decades: it is now accepted as an essential tool for the
effective use of geographic information. It has provided an exciting
potential for geographic information to be used more systematically
and by greater diversity of discipline than ever before, [Aronoff, 1993].
This tool has become popular in establishing the real world model in a
defined space and time reference system. It integrates all natural, social
and economic phenomenons with their attributes of space and time,
[Jones 1997]. GIS application involves the use of geographic
information system in satisfying a given need. However, application
depends on how GIS is being used. In some cases, it is used as an
organizing framework for systematic collection, storage and analysis of
data. While in other, it is used as a means of taking appropriate
decision in which case, it becomes part of decision support system
[DSS]. When these two are combined, GIS would be seen to possess a
wide range of applications [Adeniran, 1999]. Spatial problems require
decisions to be made over space. One of such decisions is on the spatial
distribution of filling station. The major concern of physical planning is
the proper designation of suitable areas for appropriate land uses. The
selection of these sites must be based on a set of criteria to ensure that
the minimum cost benefit ratio for a commodity is attained. The various
characteristics of a site influence its suitability for a specific land use,
identification of sites that meet particular criteria is one of the main
spatial analytical applications of GIS. More so, it is one of the early
motivating factors in developing GIS technology with the need to
perform suitability analysis in which the objective is to find sites or
regions that satisfy particular criteria of land usage and terrain
characteristics, [Jones 1997]. The ability to overlay several thematic
layers of map using GIS is to identify regions that combine selected
attributes from each of the layer is one of the analytical facilities
provided by GIS packages. A suitability map is created by combining
maps with rated suitability factors whose importance is dependent on
the intended land use. Based on this importance, the suitability factor is
given additional weight to influence the final output. This analysis uses
either Boolean factor or weighted linear combination for its [Odedare,
1999]. Jones [1997], distinguished the two types of analyses by
describing Boolean operations as appropriate, if each factor or
constraint under consideration is of equal importance. In practice,
certain factors may be much more important than others, and it may
be desirable to differentiate between candidate sites according to how
well they meet the various criteria. The relative levels of importance of
the different types of data can be taken into account by attaching
numeric weights to each of the layers in an overlay operation. Regions
that meet all the search criteria are then associated with weighted
summations of factors in each layer. The use of weighted constraints
only goes part of the way to taking into account the relative importance
of the different factors. CHAPTER FOUR 4.0. DATA ANALYSIS AND
PRESENTATION 4.1. SPATIAL LOCATION OF FILLING STATIONS IN
KADUNA From the data survey carried out Kaduna has 23 petrol
stations most of which located along the major road that passes though
the centre of the town. The table below shows the distribution of filling
stations in Kaduna. TABLE 4.1: FILLING STATIONS S/N NAME OF STATI
ON LOCATION LONGITUDE LATITTUDE 1 Kwiwa Kawo 328113 1161663
2 Himma Kawo 328118 116156 3 Oando Kawo 327108 1169605 4 Lalan
Kawo 327098 1169609 5 Oando Unguwar Sarki 327393 1169602 6
African Petrol Unguwar Shanu 327491 1169604 7 Mobil Lugard Round.
327598 1169605 8 Oando Abakpa 327599 1169606 9 NNPC Abakpa
327600 1170801 10 MRS Bank Road Roundabout 327601 1170831 11
Conoil Warf Road Roundabout 327660 1170852 12 African Petrol
Magadishu Motors 327662 1170853 13 Mobil Levantis Roundabout
327663 1170855 14 Conoil Kasuwa 327664 1170866 15 Oando Kasuwa
327668 1170869 16 Edijen UTC 327779 1170888 17 Mobil Durbar Hotel
327789 1170889 18 Oando Stadium Roundabout 327896 1170899 19
Conoil Stadium Roundabout 329876 1170999 20 Oando Stadium
Roundabout 329977 1178100 21 Oando NAF 329979 1177820 22 Fuad
Kawo 329983 1177784 23 Gajere U/Gwari 329989 1177789 Source:
field survey, 2010 Figure 3: Map of Kaduna North showing the location
of filling stations 4.2 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FILLING STATIONS IN
KADUNA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNEMENT AREA. From the inventory
carried out, it was revealed that the total of 22 filling stations are in the
study area and all of them are operating out these filling station, 16 out
of the 22 filling stations (69.5%) are not in conformity with the
conformity with the standard. They where access based on space
occupied, distance apart, setback and there location in relation to
roundabout. TABLE 4.2: SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PETROL FILLING STATION
IN KADUNA. S/N NAME OF STATION LOCATION SPACE OCCUPIED (M2)
DISTANCE APART (M) SETBACK (M) LOCATION ON A ROUND ABOUT
REMARK 1 Kwiwa Kawo 1070 254 51 No OK 2 Himma Kawo 1050 254
50 No OK 3 Oando Kawo 850 0 20 No Inadequate space/minimum
space between station not observed 4 Lalan Kawo 1065 0 23 No
Minimum space between station not observed 5 Oando Unguwar 800
850 45 No Located on a Sarki junction/ setback and inadequate space 6
African Petrol Unguwar Shanu 1040 850 51 No OK 7 Mobil Lugard
Roundab -out 1048 490 40 Yes Located on a Roundabout/in adequate
set back 8 Total Abakpa 950 100 50 No Inadequate space 9 NNPC
Abakpa 845 100 43 No Inadequate space/setback 10 MRS Bank Road
Roundab o-ut 1090 1050 59 No OK 11 Conoil Warf Road Roundab o-ut
900 150 51 Yes Inadequate space/inadequa te space 12 African Petrol
Mogadish u Motors 1085 150 56 No OK 13 Mobil Levantis Roundab 710
150 48 Yes Inadequate space/setback out 14 Conoil Kasuwa 870 0 41
No Inadequate space/minimum space between station not
observed/setba ck 15 Oando Kasuwa 900 0 48 No Inadequate space/
minimum space between station not observed/ setback 16 Edijen UTC
950 150 50 No Inadequate space 17 Mobil Durbar Hotel 1070 1150 50
No OK 18 Oando Stadium Roundab out 980 0 46 Yes Located on a
Roundabout/se tback 19 Conoil Stadium Roundab out 974 0 44 Yes
Located on a Roundabout/se tback 20 Oando Stadium Roundab out 900
65 49 Yes Located on a Roundabout/se tback 21 MRS NAF 1050 1250 50
No OK 22 Fuad Kawo 950 60 15 No Inadequate space/setback 23 Garaje
U/Gwari 1005 401 51 No OK Source: field survey, 2010 SPATIAL QUERY
Performing queries on a GIS database to retrieve data is an essential
part of most GIS projects. Queries offer a method of data retrieval and
can be performed on data that are part of GIS database or new data
produced as a result of data analyses. For this project, each of the
created layers of information was retrieved one after the other, and
was queried accordingly to be ready for further analysis. Figure 4: GIS
Demonstration of attributes in layers 1. Window of layer showing
owner and location of filling station 2. Window of layer showing the
identity of a particular filling station 3. Window showing filling station
ID through query builder. CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 SUMMARY From the analysis of the data
collected of the characteristics of filling station within Kaduna North
Local Government Area, the following inferences can be drawn: ➢
Petrol station are located in the CBD constitutes traffic problem as a
result of their indiscriminate nature of location. ➢ Some of the filing
stations are located either on a road junction or on a roundabout. ➢
Most of the petrol station does not have adequate setback. ➢ Some of
the filling stations are located in an inadequate space. ➢ There is a high
of conversion of other uses for petrol stations. 5.2 CONCLUSION
Recognizing the fact that petrol stations are indispensible in urban
areas. The principles and standard must be adhere to. In order to
achieve the previously stated an aim of the study of developers both in
terms of land and location. This is to encourage a high standard of
services to the people. The proposals and recommendations are made
in order to cater for the poor location and distribution of filling stations
in Kaduna North Local Government Area, also in order to achieve,
convenience, aesthetic and safety environment. In conclusion, GIS is a
veritable tool for vital decision making in the management of location
related issues, provided it is built on a well-designed database. The
database must also be amenable to updating from time to time. 5.3
RECOMMENDATION From the analysis of the existing situation and
inferences drawn of the petrol stations within the study area have
impact on motorist urban dwellers as well as the entire urban as a
whole. Consequently, appropriate recommendations for planning of
petrol stations within the study area were made thus. 1. The
earmarking of areas to be devoted for petrol stations to be located
within neighborhoods sector and master plan. This is to check the
proliferations and haphazard location of petrol station are included in
various plans. 2. A minimum distance of 100m should be observed from
one petrol station to the other. This will reduce the of traffic congestion
and increase convenience. 3. A petrol station must be 1800m2 and
above for area coverage, which will give adequate space for services. 4.
Location o petrol stations along those major roads should discourage. 5.
Relocation of petrol stations on the roundabout. 6. Planning authorities
should ensure that all filling stations are in conformity with the
standards. REFERENCES Chapin, F.S (1972): Urban Land use Planning.
Urban, Chicago, London: University of Illinois Press. Chorley Committee
Report (1987): Handling Geographic Information Department of
Environment, London: HMSO. Jefferson C. Boyce: Digital Computer
Fundamentals, Prentice Hall International Inc. London. Heorge, C.K.
(2000): ‘’Planning, Monitoring and Change of Use in Nigeria Cities – A
perspective of Lagos Metropolis’’ Paper presented at the Obasanjo
collective National Workshop, Lagos. George C.K (1996): ‘’Housing
Substainable Development in Lagos Metropolis – A challenge for Town
Planners’’. A paper presented at 27th Annual Conference of Nigeria
Institute of Town Planners, Benin-City, Edo State.