Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2YA

CHNN211 LEC: BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021

Coverage for Final: mhGAP Programme
• Mental Health Global Action Program (mhGAP) - A WHO programme, launched in 2008, to scale up care for
• Public Health Laws MNS disorders.
• Culture, Values and Practices in relation to Health Care of - Asserts that, with proper care, psychosocial assistance and
Individual and Family medication, tens of millions of people could be treated for
• New Technologies Related to Public Health Electronic depression, psychoses, and epilepsy, prevented from suicide,
Information and begin to lead normal lives – even where resources are
• Nursing Core Values as a Community Health Nurse scarce.
- Focus is to increase non-specialist care, including non-
MENTAL HEALTH GAP ACTION specialized health care, to address the unmet needs of people
- Mental health promotion with priority MNS conditions.
Mental Health • Staff not specialized in mental health or neurology:
- Refers to a state of well-being in which the individual realizes o General physicians, family physicians, nurses.
one's own abilities and potentials, scopes adequately with the o First points of contact and outpatient care.
normal stresses of life, displays resilience in the face of o First level referral centers.
extreme life events, works productively and fruitfully, and can o Community health workers. (Local adaptation)
make a positive contribution to the community Context for scaling up community mental health services in the
- No matter what is stress of life kakayanin mo magiging Philippines
resilience ka
• Type a – strict and competitive (possible na laging
nadadala sa gulo)
• Type b – relax
• Type ab – flexible (alam kung saan ilulugar yung ugali
and mga successful)
Mental health gap
- Mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) conditions
account for 13% of the global burden of disease.
• Epilepsy – part of neurologic problem
• Substances: drugs are also affecting are behaviour
- Yet between 75–90% of individuals with MNS conditions do
not receive the treatment they require although effective o Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) have
treatment exists. received increasing attention from public health actors in the
- This represents the mental health treatment gap: past 15 years. Current data indicate that 450 million people
• Hindi nakaka kuha ng treatment kasi mahal. worldwide are suffering from mental health or behavioral
• In the family they not knowledgeable enough about the disorders. In recent years, the public health focus has been on
condition of mental illness (sasabihin nila nag dadrama the burden caused by the disease rather
lng)
• Stigma – parating naiisip na sila lagi nasisisi or ayaw % RHUs with staff trained on mhGAP in the Philippines
sakanila. (As of May 15, 2017)
• Maliit lang ang percentage ng mga nagta-trabaho sa % RHUs, cities +
Regional Remarks
mental health field municipalities
Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan,
Region 1 Data not available
La Union
Region 2 Data not available Batanes, Cagayan Valley
Region 3 24% (28/116)
Region 4A 43% (62/143)
Region 4B 92% (67/73)
Region 5 Data not available Camarines Sur, Albay
Region 6 80% (109/136)
Region 7 Data not available Estimated 70%
Region 8 100% (143/143)
Region 9 Data not available Zamboanga City
o May risk sa pagtatrabaho dito – pwede tayong saktan nila Region 10 Data not available Cagayan de Oro
o Proper way how to deal with them: Region 11 Data not available All provinces covered
• Pag sya ay very violent, wag kang haharap saknya, Region 12 56% (27/50)
kailangan nasa gilid ka lang. (iniisip kasi nila kaaway nila Region 13 Data not available
ung kaharap nila)
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 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
CAR 91% (70/77)
ARMM 34% (40/118) Tawitawi, Lanao del Sur
NCR Data not available
o The table shows the percent of municipalities and cities where
a rural health unit or a city health office has a doctor and/or
nurse trained on the identification, assessment, and
management of persons with MNS conditions through the
mhGAP. This means that persons with MNS disorders can
now seek consultation at the rural health unit or city health
office.
o In places where data is not available, the provinces where
mhGAP training has been conducted are indicated. However,
we do not have the data of exact number of primary care
personnel trained.
o This is an important development because in places where
there are no specialists, guidance designates, or guidance
counselors can refer to primary care doctors.
mhGAP Priority Health Conditions
1) Depression (DEP)
2) Psychoses (PSY)
3) Epilepsy (EPI)
4) Child and adolescent mental and behavioral disorders (CMH)
5) Dementia (DEM)
6) Disorders due to substance use (SUB)
7) Self-harm/suicide (SUI)
8) Other significant mental health complaints (OTH)
Seven good reasons for integrating mental health into non-
specialized health care
1) Burden of mental disorders is great.
2) Mental and physical health problems are interwoven.
3) The treatment gap for mental disorders is enormous.
4) Enhance access to mental health care.
5) Promote respect of human rights.
6) It is affordable and cost-effective.
7) Generates good health outcomes.
Overview of Priority MNS Conditions
Depression
- Core symptoms of depression:
• Persistent depressed mood.
• Markedly diminished interest in or pleasure from
activities that used to be interesting and pleasurable.
- Common presentations of depression:
• Multiple persistent physical symptoms with no clear cause
• Low energy
• Fatigue
• Sleep problems (sleeping too much or too little)
• Anxiety
• Significant change in appetite or weight (gain or loss)
• Beliefs of worthlessness
• Excessive guilt
• Indecisiveness
• Restlessness/agitation
• Hopelessness
• Suicidal thoughts and acts
- Depression may not always be obvious
- The person often does not know about their condition.
- It is not always necessary to use the term depression to explain
what they are experiencing; rather use their own words and
their own descriptions to make it easier for them.
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- Patience, trust, and a good relationship with the person is
essential to identifying depression. Use effective
communication skills to understand what is happening to them
- Contributing factors:
• Biological
• Social – nawalan ng trabaho, dito pumapasok yung mga
stress point
• Psychological
- For example, explain that people who have gone through
adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement,
psychological trauma) are likely to develop depression.
- Their depression can, in turn, lead to the person experiencing
more stress and dysfunction (such as social isolation,
indecisiveness, fatigue, irritability, aches and pains), thus
worsening the person’s life situation and the depression itself.
- Biological factors may contribute to a person developing
depression, such as a person with a family history of
depression.
- Depression is the length of time that a person experiences the
symptoms is one of the distinctions between depression and
general low mood.
- When identifying depression, it is important to consider both:
• The duration of the symptoms – symptoms must be
present for at least two weeks.
• The effect on daily functioning.
- Low mood is normal and transient; many people can
experience low mood from time to time. Depression lasts
longer and has a profound impact on a person’s ability to
function in everyday life.
o The prevalence rates stated in the slide: It is estimated that
more than 322 million people worldwide suffer from
depression, resulting in a prevalence rate of 4.4% in the
general community and accounting for 10–20% of people who
attend primary health-care clinics.
o There is at least a 10% prevalence rate of depression amongst
women who have given birth. This is called post-partum
depression
Prevalence of depression in people with physical diseases
(Philippines)
- Depression among the medically ill is 31%; anxiety, 36%
(Batar MI. Prevalence of depression and anxiety among the
medically ill in selected out-patient clinics in the Philippines.
2013)
- With COPD: 31.37% (Sue Kimberly M. Tan et al., 2015)
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
- With cancer: 22% (Que JC et al., 2013)
- With lung TB: 16.8% (Masumoto S, 2014)
Average prevalence of depression in people with physical
diseases (70 countries)
• Relationship between depression and physical health is
particularly important to focus on in nonspecialized health
settings.
• Physical conditions can often manifest themselves first, and, if
health-care providers only focus on the physical symptoms,
the real cause of the problem may go undetected.
• Findings on the slide. the prevalence of: Co-occurring
conditions such as diabetes, TB, HIV/AIDS, cancer,
hypertension, myocardial infarction.
• Research has also shown that depression can: Predispose
people to other conditions, e.g., myocardial infarctions.
• Depression can also reduce adherence to treatment for chronic
diseases including HIV and TB.
Strategies to Reduce Stress
• You can use effective communication skills to deliver
psychosocial interventions to everyone with depression
including:
- Psychoeducation for the person and their career/ family.
- Strategies to reduce stress and strengthen social support.
- Promoting functioning in daily activities.
• May people with depression benefit from brief psychological
interventions if available.
• Many people with depression benefit from being prescribed
antidepressants that need to be continued at least 9-12 months
after the resolution of symptoms.
• Special populations to consider are children, adolescents and
women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Psychoses
- Marked behavioral disturbances neglecting usual
responsibilities related to work, school, domestic and other
social responsibilities
- Agitated, aggressive behavior; decreased or increased
- Fixed false belief that is not shared by others in the pt / client’s
culture
- Hearing voices, seeing things that are not there. (makikita
natin sakanila, laging gumagalaw ung bibig nila)
- Lack of realization that he / she is having mental health
problem
Epilepsy
- Convulsive movement or fits / seizures
- During the convulsion: lack of consciousness or impaired
consciousness, stiffness, rigidity, tongue bite, incontinence of
urine / feces, injury
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- After the convulsion: fatigue, drowsiness, sleepiness,
confusion, abnormal behavior, headache, muscle ache,
weakness on one part of the body.
Child & Adolescent Mental & Behavior Disorder (CMH)
- Child/Adolescent Being Seen for Physical Complaints or a
General Health Assessment of:
• Problem with development, emotion or behavior (e.g.
inattention, over-activity, repeated defiant, disobedient or
aggressive behavior)
• Risk factors such as malnutrition, abuse & / or neglect,
frequent illness, chronic disease (e.g. HIV/AIDS or
history of difficulty birth)
- Career with Concern about Child/Adolescent:
• Difficulty keeping up with peers or carrying out activity
considered normal for age
• Behavior (eg. Too active, aggressive, having frequent & /
or severe tantrums, wanting to be alone too much,
refusing to do regular activity or go to school
- Teachers with Concerns About Child Adolescent
• Easily distracted, disruptive in class, often getting into
trouble, difficulty completing schoolwork
- Community Health or Social Health Worker w/ Concern about
Child Adolescent:
• Rule or law-breaking behavior, physical aggression at
home or in school.
Dementia
- Para sa mga matatanda (nananakit, maikli ang pasensya)
- Decline or problem with memory (severe forgetfulness) and
orientation (awareness of time, pace and person
- Mood or behavior problems such as apathy (appearing
uninterested or irritability)
- Loss of emotional control (easily upset, irritable or tearful)
- Difficulty in carrying out usual work, domestic or social
activities
Disorder Due to Substance Use
- Appearing affected by alcohol/other substance (e.g.) smell of
alcohol, slurred speech, sedated, erratic behavior
- S/s: acute behavioral effects, withdrawal features or effects of
prolonged use
- Deterioration of social functioning (i.e., difficulties at work or
home, unkempt appearance)
- Signs of chronic liver disease (abdominal liver enzymes)
jaundiced (yellow) skin & eyes, palpable & tender liver edge
(in early liver disease), ascites (distended abdomen is filled
with fluid, spider nevus (spider-like blood vessels visible on
the surface of the skin) & altered mental status (hepatic
encephalopathy).
- Problems with balance, walking, coordinated movements and
nystagmus
- NOTE: All persons presenting to health care facilities should
be there asked about their tobacco & alcohol use
- Incidental findings, macrocytic anemia, low platelet counts
elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
- Emergency presentation due to substance withdrawal,
overdose, or intoxication. Person may appear sedated,
overstimulated, agitated, anxious or confused
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)

- Persons with disorder due to substance use may not report any
problems with substance use. Look for:
• Recurrent request for psychoactive medications including
analgesics
• Injuries
• Infections associated with intravenous drug use (HIV/AIS,
Hepatitis C)

Self – Harm/ Suicide

- Extreme hopelessness and despair
- Current thoughts, plan or act of suicide or history of thought
Emergency presentation
Act of self-harm with signs of
poisoning or intoxication, bleeding
from self-inflicted wound, loss of
consciousness and/ or extreme
lethargy.
current thoughts, plan, or act of
self-harm or suicide, or history of
thoughts, plan, or act of self-harm
or suicide in a person who is
extremely agitated, violent,
distressed or lacks communication.
Acute of convulsion with loss of
consciousness or impaired
consciousness
Continuous convulsion
Agitated and/ or aggressive
behavior
Smell of alcohol on the breath
slurred speech uninhibited
behavior; disturbance in the level
of consciousness, cognition,
perception, affect or behavior.
Tremor in hands, sweating,
vomiting, increased pulse and BP,
agitation, headache, nausea,
anxiety; seizure and confusion in
severe cases.
Unresponsive or minimally
responsive, slow respiratory rate,
pinpoint pupils.
Dilated pupils, excited, racing
throughts, disordered thinking,
strange behavior, recent use of
cocaine or other stimulants,
increased pulse and BP,
aggressive, erratic or violent
behavior
Condition to consider
Medically serious act of
self-harm
EX. Integration of Mental Health into the Educational System. -
ensure integration of mental health into the educational system, as
follows:
Imminent risk of self- • Age-appropriate content pertaining to mental health
harm/ suicide integrated into curriculum at all educational levels; and
• Psychiatry and neurology shall be required subjects in all
medical and allied health courses, including post-graduate
courses in health.
Epilepsy
Mental Health Services
Status epilepticus Mental Health Services at the Community Level
- Responsive primary mental health services shall be developed
& integrated as part of the basic health services at appropriate
level of care, particularly at the city, municipal, & barangay
level.
Acute alcohol intoxication - Every local government unit (LGU) and academic institution
shall: create own program in accordance with the general
guidelines set by the Philippine Council for Mental Health
Community-based Mental Health Care Facilities
Alcohol withdrawal / - National goverment through DOH shall fund establishment,
alcohol withdrawal assist in operation of community-based mental health care
delirium facilities in provinces, cities & cluster of municipalities in
entire country based on needs of population, to provide mental
health care services, & enhance rights-based approach to
Sedative overdose or
mental health care
intoxication
- Each community-based mental health care facility shall have:
• Adequate room, office, or clinic
• Complement mental health professionals, allied
professionals, support staff, trained barangay health
Acute stimulant
workers (BHWs) volunteer, family members of patients or
intoxication or overdose
service users
• Basic equipment, supplies, adequate stock of medicines
appropriate at that level.

R.A 11036 – the Philippine Mental Health Act

- An Act Establishing a national mental health policy
for the purpose of enhancing the delivery of integrated mental
health services, promoting and protecting the rights of persons
utilizing psychiatric, neurological and psychosocial health
services, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes.

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 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
- Community Mental Health Services – can be provided in day
centers, rehabilitation services, hospital diversion programs,
mobile crisis team, therapeutic and residential supervised
services, group homes, assistance to families and other support
service.
Mental Health Professional
- Refers to a medical doctor, psychologist, nurse, social worker
or any other appropriately trained and qualified person with
specific skills relevant to the provision of mental health
services.
Capacity Building of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs)
- DOH is responsible for disseminating info & provide training
programs to LGUs.
- LGUs with technical assistance from DOH is responsible for
training of BHWs & barangay volunteers on promotion of
mental health.
- DOH will aid LGUs with medical supplies, equipment needed
by BHWs to carry out their functions effectively.
Upgrading of Local Hospitals & Health Care Facilities
- LGU – establish or upgrade hospitals & facilities to be able to
provide mental health services & to address psychiatric
emergencies
- Those in GIDA shall have same level of access & shall not be
neglected – home visits or mobile health care clinic
Voluntary Submission of Drug Dependent to Confinement,
treatment & Rehabilitation
- Persons who avail of voluntary submission provision &
persons shall undergo examination for mental health
conditions. if found to have mental health conditions, shall be
covered by the provision of this Act.
Creation of DOH Mental Health Division.
- Creation of Mental Health Division in DOH, under Disease
Prevention & Control Bureau
- Staffed by qualified mental health specialists
- It shall implement the National Mental Health Program
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Essential care and practice
Primary health care
General Principles
A. Use effective communication skills
B. Promote respect and dignity
- These principles AIM to promote respect for the privacy
of people seeking care for MNS conditions, foster good
relationships between health-care providers, service users
and their careers and ensure that care is provided in a non-
judgmental, non-stigmatizing and supportive environment.
Essential Clinical of Health Mental Practice
A. Assess physical health
B. Conduct a MNS assessment
C. Manage MNS conditions
PUBLIC HEALTH LAW
The Scope of Public Health Law
- Public health nurses must practice within the scope of public
health law as defined by their respective state.
- Public health law typically includes certain public health
interventions of a legal nature.
R.A. 7160 Local Government Code
- Devolution of powers, functions, and responsibilities to the
local government both rural & urban.
- The Code aims to transform LGU into self- reliant
communities & active partners in attainment of national goals
thru’ more responsive & accountable local government
structure instituted
- System of decentralization
• DOH handles tertiary hospitals
• Governor handles district and provincial hospital
• Mayor handles health center.
- Composition of LHB: Provincial Level
1) Governor- chair
2) Provincial Health Officer – vice chairman
3) Chairman, Committee on Health of Sangguniang
Panlalawigan
4) DOH representative
5) NGO representative
- Composition of LHB: City and Municipal Level
1) Mayor – chair
2) MHO – vice chair (pinakamataas na doctor sa health
center)
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
3) Chairman, Committee on Health of Sangguniang Bayan
4) DOH representative
5) NGO representative (Depende kung sino i-invite nila as
representative, Ex. Senior citizen, kabataan)
- Effective Local Health System Depends on:
1) The LGU’s financial capability (some mayor may be
operating a specific service while the others not)
2) A dynamic and responsive political leadership
3) Community empowerment
- Hence, each province, city and municipality have a Local
Health Board (LHB) which is mandated to propose annual
budgetary allocations for the operation and maintenance of
their own health facilities.
R.A. 2382 Philippine Medical Act.
- The practice of medicine in the country.
- Objectives – This Act provides for and shall govern
standardization and regulation of medical education.
- Examination for registration of physicians; and
- Supervision, control, and regulation of the practice of
medicine in the Philippines.
R.A. 1082 Rural Health Act.
- Created the 1st 81 Rural Health Units.
- Amended by RA 1891; more physicians, dentists, nurses,
midwives, and sanitary inspectors will live in the rural areas
where they are assigned to raise the health conditions of barrio
people, hence help decrease the high incidence of preventable
diseases.
- kung saan ka naka distino na area doon ka din maninirahan
R.A. 6425 Dangerous Drugs Act
- Sale, administration, delivery, distribution and transportation
of prohibited drugs is punishable by law.
- Under this Act, Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) remains as the
policymaking and strategy-formulating body in planning and
formulation of policies and program on drug prevention and
control.
- under President Estrada
R.A. 9165 New Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
- Comprehensive dangerous drugs act
- It is the policy of the State to safeguard integrity of its territory
& well-being of citizenry particularly youth, from harmful
effects of dangerous drugs on physical/ mental well-being, to
defend against acts or omissions detrimental to development
&preservation.
- State needs to enhance further the efficacy of law against
dangerous drugs, it being one of today's more serious social
ills.
Unlawful
• Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors
and Essential Chemicals.
• Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,
Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals.
• Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort.
• Possession of Dangerous Drugs – nilalagay sa mga teddy bear
saka eshi ship sa iba’t-ibang bansa or di kaya sinasama sa mga
gatas
• Possession of Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings
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• Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings.
• Use of Dangerous Drugs
• Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs
or are Sources Thereof.
• Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of Transactions
on Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals.
• Unnecessary/ unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs and
others
P.D. No. 651
- Requires all health workers shall identify & encourage
registration of all births within 30 days following delivery.
- Kung sino nagpaanak saknya, sya magaasikaso ng birth
certificate.
- All babies born in hospitals, maternity clinics, private homes,
or elsewhere w/in prd starting from January 1, 1974, up to date
when this becomes effective, irrespective of the nationality,
race, culture, religion or belief of parents, whether mo. is
permanent resident or transient in Philippines, & whose births
have not yet been registered must be reported for registration
in the office of local civil registrar of place of birth by
physician, nurse, midwife, hilot, or hospital or clinic
administrator who attended the birth or in default thereof, by
either parent or resp. member of family or relative, or any
person who has knowledge of birth of individual child.
- Example: si nanay nanganak sa caloocan, nakatira si nanay sa
Valenzuela, pagkapanganak nya sa caloocan, lumipat na sila
sa Pampanga. Saan mag paparehistro si nanay? = Caloocan
P.D. No. 996
- Requires the compulsory immunization of all children below 8
yrs. of age against the 6 childhood immunizable diseases.
- Expanded Program on Immunization
R.A. 8749 – Clean Air Act of 2000
- known as Philippine Clean Air Act, is a comprehensive air
quality management policy and prog. which aims to achieve &
maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.
R.A. 10152
- Providing for mandatory basic immunization services for
infants & children, repealing for the purpose of presidential
decree no. 996, as amended
- Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act
- Penta-Hib
- MMR
P.D. No. 825
- Provides penalty for improper disposal of garbage.
P.D. No. 856 – Code on Sanitation
- Provides for control of all factors in man’s environment that
affect health including quality of water, food, milk, insects,
animal carriers, transmitters of disease, sanitary & recreation
facilities, noise, pollution & control of nuisance
R. A. 8749 – Clean Air Act of 2000
- A comprehensive air quality management policy and program
which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all
Filipinos.
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
R.A 6758
Compensation and Position Classification Act of 1989
- Standardizes the salary of government employees including
nursing personnel.
- State to provide equal pay for substantially equal work and to
base differences in pay upon substantive differences in duties
& resp, & qualification requirement of the positions. In, due
regard shall be given to, among others, prevailing rates in the
private sector for comparable work.
R.A. 6675 – Generics Act of 1988
- Promotes, requires, ensures production of adequate supply,
distribution, use, acceptance of drugs & medicines identified
by their generic name.
R.A. 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical
- Standards of Public Officials and Employees
- Policy of state to promote high standards of ethics in public
office.
- Public officials & employees shall always - accountable to
people, discharges duties w/utmost resp., integrity,
competence & loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead
modest lives uphold public interest over personal interest.
R.A. 7305 – Magna Carta for Public Health Workers
- Aims to promote, improve social, economic well-being of
health workers, living/ working cond. & terms of employment;
to develop skills & capabilities in order that they will be more
responsive & better equipped to deliver health projects &
programs; and encourage those w/proper qualifications &
excellent abilities to join & remain in govt. service.
R.A. 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD’s
- Provides their rehabilitation, self-development and self-
reliance and integration into the mainstream of society
- Kailangan pa din natin sila tulungan. Hal. Bigyan ng chance to
work like computerized works ganun we want to improve their
social condition kaya bawal na silang e kulong lang sa bahay
R.A. 8423
- Created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative
Health Care
- Connected with the herbal medicine.
- Policy of State to improve quality and delivery of health care
services to Filipino people through development of traditional
& alternative health care & integration into the national health
care delivery system.
- State to seek legally workable basis by w/c indigenous
societies would own their knowledge of traditional medicine.
When knowledge is used by outsiders, the indigenous societies
can require permitted users to acknowledge its source &
demand a share of any financial return that may come from its
authorized commercial use.
P.D. No. 965
Decree Requiring Applicant for Marriage License to Receive
Instructions on Family Planning & Responsible Parenthood
- Requires applicants for marriage license to receive instructions
on family planning and responsible parenthood.
- Created in every city & municipality an Office of Family
Planning to be headed by the city or municipal health officer.
- Assisted by city or rural health nurse, members of city /RHU,
& other personnel from the diff. agencies of govt involved in
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family planning program, who shall perform family planning
duties in addition to their regular duties.
- Private entities or individual duly accredited by Commission
on Population engaged in family planning activities may also
be impressed into service.
P.D. NO. 79 National Policy on Population, creating
Commission on Population
- Defines, objectives, duties, and functions of POPCOM
- Ang tinutukoy ng popcom ay teenage pregnancy.
- Govt. declares for purpose of furthering national development,
increasing share of each Filipino in fruits of economic
progress & meeting grave social & economic challenge of
high rate of population growth, a national program of family
planning involving both public and private sectors which
respect the religious beliefs and values of the individuals
involved shall be undertaken.
RA 4073 – Liberalizing the Treatment of Leprosy
- Advocates home treatment for leprosy. (nakakahawa ito)
- Persons afflicted with leprosy not to be segregated.
- Except when certified by Secretary of Health or his authorized
representatives that the stage of disease requires institutional
treatment, no persons afflicted with leprosy shall be confined
in a leprosarium
Letter of Instruction No. 949
- Legal basis of PHC dated OCT. 19, 1979
- Promotes development of health programs on the community
level
A.O. No. 2005-0014 – National Policies on Infant and Young
Child Feeding:
- All newborns be breastfeed w/in 1 hr after birth
- Be exclusively breastfeed for 6 mons.
- Given timely, adequate & safe complementary foods
- Breastfeeding be continued up to 2 yrs. & beyond
EO 51- Phil. Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes
- The Code applies to the marketing, & practices related to the
ff. products:
• Breastmilk substitutes, infant formula; other milk
products, foods & beverages, including bottle-fed
complementary foods,
• when marketed or represented to be suitable, w/ or w/o
modification, for use as a partial or total replacement of
breastmilk, feeding bottles & teats.
• Also applies to their quality &availability, & to info.
concerning their use.
R.A. 7600 – Rooming in and Breastfeeding Act of 1992
- Standard procedures to be followed for rooming-in &
breastfeeding in all private & govt. health institutions.
- provisions are made for complicated births. The right of the
mother to breastfeed & right of infant to receive breast milk is
expressed, mothers may exercise their right to bottle feed after
being fully informed of benefits of breastfeeding & by
expressing their intention to formula feed in writing.
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
R.A. 8976 – Food Fortification Law
Objectives:
1) To provide basis for the need for a fortification program
in the Philippines: The Micronutrient Malnutrition
Problem food
2) To discuss various types fortification of food strategies
3) To provide an update on the current situation of food
fortification in the Philippines
A.O. No. 2006- 0015
- Defines the Implementing guidelines on Hepatitis B
Immunization for Infants
- Included HBV vaccination in its Expanded Program of
Immunization (EPI) since 2006
R.A. 7846
- Mandates Compulsory Hepatitis B Immunization among
infants and children less than 8 yrs old.
R.A. 2029
- Mandates Liver Cancer and Hepatitis B Awareness Month Act
(February Heart Month).
A.O. No. 2006-0012
- Specifies the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of
E.O. 51 or Milk Code, Relevant International Agreements,
Penalizing Violations thereof and for other purposes.
CHN LAWS
Republic Act No. 7719
National Blood Services Act of 1994
- Promotes voluntary blood donation to provide sufficient
supply of safe blood and to regulate blood banks.
- This act aims to inculcate public awareness that blood
donation is a humanitarian act.
- Regulation of Blood Sciences – Unlawful to establish, operate
a blood bank/center unless registered/licensed by DOH
- In emergencies, blood collection, transfusion under
responsibility of physician is allowed in hospital w/o such
license
- Phase-out of Commercial Blood Banks
- Upgrading of Services and Facilities. – All blood banks/
centers shall provide preventive health services - education,
counselling on blood transfusion transmissible diseases.
- hospital etc. to establish voluntary blood donation programs.
• Non-profit operation
- Blood banks/ centers shall operate on non-profit basis.
J.A.K.E 8 of 20
- Collect service fees not greater than prescribed by
DOH; limited to expenses in collecting, processing of
blood.
- Blood collected from healthy voluntary donors only.
• Walking blood donors – in areas where there may be
inadequate blood banking facilities, the walking blood
donor concept shall be encouraged. RHU, BRGY. GOVT
HOSP – always keep list of qualified voluntary blood
donors with blood typing.
• Promotion in school – benefits of voluntary blood
donation require.
• Professional education – DOH, professional organization.
Example: PNA are encouraged to conduct for their
respective members; part of continuing education, training
on rational use of blood/ blood products; plus, the merits
of voluntary blood donation.
• Establishment of blood services network – established
in every province, city nationwide headed by DOH,
coordinated with PNRC. Collection of blood in
community (schools, business enterprises, brgy, military
camps)
Proclamation No. 1021
- Annual celebration of World Blood Donor Day every 14th of
June
- July of every year is “Blood Donors Month” by former
President Fidel V. Ramos
- To acknowledge blood donors of their noble act of saving
lives through their gift of blood.
- National Voluntary Blood Services Program (NVBSP) Blood
Donation
- You can donate blood if you…
• Are in good health
• Are between 16- 65 years old (16-17 need parent consent)
• Weigh at least 110 pounds
• Have a blood pressure between systolic 90-160 mmHg,
Diastolic: 60-100 mmHg; and
• Pass the physical and health history assessment.
Blood Donation
Will donating blood make a person weak?
- No, it will not make you weak. Donating 450cc will not cause
any ill effects or weakness. The human body has the capacity
to compensate with the new fluid volume. Further, the bone
marrow is stimulated to produce new blood cells which in turn
makes the blood forming organs function more effectively.
Can a person who has tattoo or body piercing still donate
blood?
- If the tattooing procedure or the piercing was done a year ago,
he/she may donate. This is also applicable to acupuncture, and
other procedures involving needles.
How long will it take to donate blood?
- whole process of blood donation, from the registration up to
the recovery, takes an average of 30 minutes.
- The blood extraction will take about 5-10 minutes. The blood
volume will start replenishing within 24 hours. Theoretically,
by the end of the month, the body will have the blood status
before the blood donation.
Will I contract disease through blood donation?
- No, we use sterile, disposable needles and syringes.
• Blood bank/center – lab/institution with capability to recruit,
screen blood donors, collect, process, store, transport & issue
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)

blood for transfusion & provide information education on Child sexual abuse
blood transfusion transmissible diseases. - It is the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement,
• Blood collection unit – institution/facility authorized by DOH or coercion of child to engage in, or assist another person to
to recruit and screen donors and collect blood. engage in sexual intercourse or lasciviousness conduct or the
• Voluntary blood donor – one who donates blood on one’s molestation or prostitution of, or the commission of incestuous
own volition or initiative and without monetary compensation. acts, on, a child.
• Blood transfusion transmissible diseases – diseases which Child exploitation
may be transmitted as a result of blood transfusion, including - It is hiring, employment, persuasion, inducement, or coercion
AIDS, Hepatitis-B, Malaria and Syphilis of child to perform in obscene exhibitions and incident shows,
whether live on video or film, or to pose or act as a model in
R.A 7610 obscene or pornographic materials, or to sell or distribute said
- An act providing for stronger deterrence and special protection materials.
against child abuse, exploitation, and discrimination,
providing penalties for its violation and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 9208 “The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of
- “Social Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, 2003
and Discrimination Act.” Trafficking in Persons
• It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to a) Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of
provide special protection to children from all firms of persons
abuse, neglect, cruelty exploitation, and discrimination, • With or without consent or knowledge
and other conditions, prejudicial their development. • Within or across national borders
• Provide sanctions for their commission and carry out a b) The recruitment, transportation, transfer involves:
program for prevention and deterrence of and crisis • Threat or use of force
intervention in situations of child abuse, exploitation, and • Fraud or deceit
discrimination. • Violence
• The stae shall intervene on behalf of the child when the • Coercion
parent, guardian, teacher, or person having care or • Intimidation
custody of the child fails or is unable to protect the child • Abuse of power or of position
against abuse, exploitation and discrimination or when • Taking advantage of the vulnerability of a person
such acts against the child are committed by the said • The giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve
parent, guardian, teacher or person having care and the consent of a person having control over another
custody of the same. person.
• Shall be the policy of the State to protect and rehabilitate c) The recruitment, harboring, transportation, or receipt of a
children gravely threatened or endangered by person is for the purpose of:
circumstances which affect or will affect their survival • Prostitution
and normal development and over which they have no • Other forms of sexual exploitation
control. • Forced labor or services
- Child who is below 18 y/o or one who is over 18 y/o but who
• Slavery/ servitude
cannot take care of himself fully because of: physical or
• Removal and sale of organs
mental disability or condition.
Child abuse
Trafficking in persons Human smuggling
- is any act which inflicts physical or psychological injury,
cruelty to or the neglect, sexual abuse of, or which exploits, a • Usually involves coercion
• Usually does n at involve
child. • Characterized by
coercion
- Cruelty is word or action that degrades or demeans dignity of subsequent exploitation
• Character1ized by facilitating,
child as a human being. after the illegal entry of a
for a fee, the illegal entry of a
Is discipline administered by a parent or legal guardian on a person into a foreign
person into a foreign country
child considered cruelty? country
• Considered a migration
- No, if it is reasonably administered & moderate in degree and • Considered a human
concern
does not cause physical or psychological injury. rights issue
What physical injury is considered as child abuse?
- Causes severe injury or serious bodily harm to child, ex What acts constitute qualified trafficking?
lacerations, fractured bones, burns or internal injuries. • When the trafficked person is a child
What psychological injury is considered as child abuse? • When adoption is affected through RA 8043 for the purpose of
- Harms child's psychological or intellectual functions. trafficking
Exhibited by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal or • When crime is committed by a syndicate or in a large scale.
outward aggressive behavior or combination • When the offender is an ascendant, parent, sibling, guardian,
Child neglect or a person who exercises authority over a trafficked person or
- Failure of parent/guardian to provide, for reasons other than when offense is committed by a public officer or employee
poverty, adequate food, clothing, shelter, basic education, or Qualified Trafficking in persons
medical care; seriously endanger physical, mental, social and • When the trafficked person is recruited to engage in
emotional growth, development of child. prostitution with any member of the military

J.A.K.E 9 of 20
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
• When the offender is a member of the military or law
enforcement agencies
• When the trafficked person dies, becomes insane, suffers
mutilation, or is afflicted with HIV-AIDS.
Who are criminally liable for trafficking in persons?
- Any person, natural or juridical, who commits any offense
under R.A. 9208 may be punished for trafficking acts.
Before R.A. 9255
- Took effect, an illegitimate child shall carry its mother’s last
name (while the middle name field is left blank) until the
biological parents marry and the child is subsequently
legitimated. With the amendment of Article176 (of R.A.209),
single mothers (and fathers) now have the option to have the
child carry the biological father’s last name in their birth
certificates.
- This Revised IRR shall apply to all illegitimate children born
on or after 19 March 2004, the effectivity of R.A. No. 9255.
This includes all unregistered births and registered births
under the surname of the mother.
- If an illegitimate child, carrying his mother’s maiden last name,
wants to start using his father’s last name, he needs to execute
a document, private or public, where he is recognized by his
father as his child
Presidential Decree No. 603 Dec 10, 1974
THE CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE CODE
Rights of the child
1) Every child is endowed with the dignity and worth of a human
being
2) Every child has the right to a wholesome family life that will
provide him with love, etc.
3) Right to well-rounded development of his personality to the
end that he may become happy etc.
4) Right to balanced diet, adequate clothing, sufficient shelter,
proper medical attention, etc.
5) Right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality
6) Right to an education
7) Right to full opportunities for safe & wholesome recreation &
activities
8) Right to protection against exploitation, improper influences,
hazards
9) Right to live in community, society that offer environment free
from pernicious influences
10) Right to care, assistance, protection of State, particularly when
parents or guardians fail or are unable to provide him
11) Right to efficient & honest govt that will deepen his faith in
democracy
12) Right to grow up as free individual, in atmosphere of peace,
understanding, tolerance, universal brotherhood, and with
determination to contribute his share in building of a better
world
Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 ( RA 9211)
- law regulating smoking in public places, tobacco advertising,
promotion & sponsorship, sales restrictions, among other
requests
- Minimum Age Sales - unlawful if minor Sale of Tobacco
Products Within School Perimeters. – is prohibited w/in 100
meters
- Signage – “Sale/distribution to or purchase by minors of
Tobacco product is unlawful” or “It is lawful for tobacco
J.A.K.E 10 of 20
products to be sold/distributed to or purchased by persons
under 18 years of age”
R.A. 10643 Graphic Health Warnings Law
- Regulate packaging and labeling of tobacco products.
- Graphic Health Warnings – refer to the photographic image
printed on the tobacco product package which accurately
depicts the hazards of tobacco use and is accompanied by
textual warning related to the picture.
Children's Emergency Relief & Protection Act of 2016
(R.A. No. 10821)
- Mandates the provision of emergency relief and protection for
children before, during, and after disaster and other emergency
situations.
- priority is the children when it comes to any disasters
Children's Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015 (Republic Act
10666)
- Not be allowed to drive a motorcycle with a small child on
board.
- Preventive approach will secure the safety of passengers,
especially children.
Children’s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015
- Children are banned from riding motorcycles unless they can
comfortably reach the foot peg, wrap their arms around the
driver, and wear a protective helmet
1) Dapat nakasuot ng standard protectice helmet ang bata
2) Ang kamay ng bata ay dapat abot ng bewang ng
motorcycle driver
3) Dapat abot ng bata ang motorcycle foot peg
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law of 2012
(Republic Act No. 10354)
- A is a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal
access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual
education, and maternal care.
- Responsible parenthood refers to the will and ability of a
parent to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family
and children.
- A shared responsibility between parents
- Desired number of children, spacing and timing of their
children
- Reproductive Health (RH) refers to the state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the
reproductive system and to its functions and processes.
Disaster Risk Reduction Management
R.A 10121: The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010
• Salient Points RA 10121
• Section 12: Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Office (LDRRMO)
• There shall be established LDRRMO in every province, city
and municipality, and a barangay disaster risk reduction and
management committee (BRRRMC) in every barangay
Paradigm Shift
P.D 1565
- top down and centralized disaster management
- disasters as merely a function of physical hazards
- focus on disaster response and anticipation
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
R.A 10121
- bottom-up and particularly disaster risk reduction
- disaster mainly a reflection of people’s vulnerability
- integrated approach to genuine social and human development
to reduce disaster risk
Violence Against Women
Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
Republic Act 9262
- Violence against women & their children
- refers to any act or series of acts committed by any person
against woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a
woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating
relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or against
her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without
the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in
physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic
abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion,
harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty.
- Paglapatan lang ng kamay ang bata or yung asawa pwede ng
ipa barangay para malakad at mag take ng action ang Law na
ito
- Forms of Violence: Physical, Sexual, Psychological
Act on Cheaper Medicine
(R.A. 9502 of 2008, the Cheaper Medicines Act)
- intended to achieve universally accessible & cheaper, quality
medicines by pursuing an effective competition policy in
pharmaceutical sector.
- The President subsequently issued an executive order
requiring maximum retail prices for a number of drugs.
- President has also been given the power to impose price
ceilings on various drugs based on recommendations from the
Health Secretary
Seniors Citizen Law
- Republic Act 7432 – An Act to Maximize the contribution of
Senior Citizen to Nation Bldg., Grant benefits & Special
Privileges & for other purposes
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003. (RA 9257)
- An Act Granting Additional Benefits and Privileges to Senior
Citizen Amending for the purpose R.A No. 7432 grant of:
- 20% discount from all establishments. Ex restaurant
- 20%discount on admission fees. Ex. theaters
- exemption from the payment of individual income taxes if
salary below poverty line
- exemption from training fees for socioeconomic programs
Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003
- Grant of:
• free medical. dental service, diagnostic, lab fees etc
• 20% discount in fare Ex. domestic air, sea
• 20% discount in public railways, skyways, bus fare
• educational assistance to senior citizens
• continuance of the same benefits, privileges given by
• the GSIS, SSS & PAG-IBIG
• retirement benefits of retirees regularly review
• special discount as issued by DTI, DA
• express lane
Republic Act No. 10642
- All senior citizens are mandatorily covered by the Philippine
Health Insurance Corporation
J.A.K.E 11 of 20
- “An act granting mandatory national health insurance program
of PhilHealth for all senior citizens”.
Laws on Notifiable Disease / R.A. 3573
- Law on Reporting Communicable Disease
- Notifiable disease refers to a disease that, by legal
requirements, must be reported to the public health authorities
Cerebrospinal fever Typhoid/ enteric fever
Chicken pox Tuberculosis
Diphtheria Infectious hepatitis
Leprosy Epidemic influenza
Cholera Whooping cough
Measles Virus encephalitis
Plague Hemorrhagic fever
Rabies Malaria
Scarlet fever Tetanus
Smallpox Poliomyelitis
Dengue AIDS
Ministry Circular No. 2 of 1986
- includes AIDS as notifiable disease
R.A. 11332
- Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health
Events of Public Concern
- Establishment of Epidemiology and. Surveillance Units.
- Public health emergency refers to an occurrence or imminent
threat of an illness or health condition that
- Declaration of Epidemic or Public Health Emergency –
Secretary of Health have authority to declare epidemics of
national and/or international concern
- Provincial, city or municipal health offices may only declare a
disease outbreak within their respective localities -with
evidence
National Health Insurance Act (RA NO. 7875)
- Establishing Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
- Health insurance program for all Filipinos
- Dependent - The legal dependents of a member are:
• legitimate spouse who is not a member.
• below 21 y/o of age -unmarried & unemployed legitimate,
legitimated, illegitimate, acknowledged children as
appearing in birth certificate; legally adopted or
stepchildren
• children 21 y/o or above but suffering from congenital
disability or disability acquired that is totally dependent
on member
• parents 60 y/o or above w/ monthly income below amt
determined by PhilHealth
• Benefit Package - Services that the Program offers to its
members
- Guiding principles:
a) Allocation of National Resources for Health – to give
priority to health
b) Universality – coverage: entire population
c) Equity – uniform basic benefits
d) Responsiveness – meet needs for personal health services
at various stages of member's life
e) Social Solidarity – Community spirit; Risk sharing among
income grps, age grps, & persons w/ diff. health status, &
residing in diff. geographic areas
f) Effectiveness – Balance economical use of resources with
quality of care
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
g) Innovation – Adapt to changes in med. tech, health
service, health org. etc.
h) Devolution – Implemented in consultation w/ LGU;
policy directions by National Government
i) Fiduciary Responsibility – provide stewardship, funds,
management, & maintenance of reserves
j) Informed Choice – members choose from accredited
health care providers
k) Maximum Community Participation – shall build on
existing community initiatives for its org. & human
resource requests
l) Compulsory Coverage – All citizens shall be required to
enroll in PhilHealth; to avoid selection & social inequity;
m) Cost Sharing – ensure costs borne by members are fair,
equitable charges of care providers reasonable
n) Professional Responsibility of Health Care Providers –
assure health care providers are responsible, accountable
in all dealings w/ PhilHealth & members
o) Public Health Services – Resp for providing public health
services for all groups (women, children, indigenous
people, displaced communities, etc)
p) Quality of Services – promote improvement of health
services through quality assurance at all levels of health
service delivery.
q) Cost Containment – incorporate features of cost
containment in its design & operations
r) Care for the Indigent – govt. shall provide basic package
of needed personal health services to indigents through
premium subsidy, or through direct service provision until
such time that the program is fully implemented.
PHILIPPINE CULTURE, VALUES, AND PRACTICES
IN RELATION TO HEALTH CARE OF
INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY
Coping style
- Coping styles is common among elderly Filipino in times of
illness or crisis include:
• Patience and Endurance (Tiyaga): the ability to tolerate
uncertain situations.
• Flexibility (Lakas ng Loob): being respectful and honest
with oneself.
• Humor (Tatawanan ang problema): the capacity to
laugh at oneself in times of adversity.
• Fatalistic Resignation (Bahala Na): the view that illness
and suffering are the unavoidable and predestined will of
God, in which the patient, family members and even the
physician should not interfere.
- Seeking medical advice from family members or friends who
are health professionals is also a common practice among
Filipino older adults and their family members, especially if
severe somatic symptoms arise.
Health Beliefs and Behaviors: Indigenous Health Beliefs
- This concept is central to Filipino self-care practices and is
applied to all social relationships and encounters.
- Health is thought to be a result of balance, while illness due to
humoral pathology and stress is usually the result of some
imbalance.
- Rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” cause illness and disorder.
J.A.K.E 12 of 20
Humoral Balances that Influence Filipino Health Perception
• Rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” lead to illness
• “Warm” environment is essential for maintaining optimal
health
• Cold drinks or cooling foods should be avoided in the morning
• An overheated body is vulnerable to disease; a heated body
can get “shocked”
• When cooled quickly, it can cause illness
• A layer of fat maintains warmth, protecting the body’s vital
energy
• Imbalance from worry and overwork create stress and illness
• Emotional restraint is a key element in restoring balance
• A sense of balance imparts increased body awareness
(Adapted from Becker, 2003)
Health Beliefs and Behaviors: theories of illness
Mystical Causes
- Are often attributed to experiences or behaviors such as
ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligations.
- Some believe that the soul goes out from the body and
wanders, a phenomenon known as Bangungot, or that having
nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death.
Naturalistic causes
- Include a host of factors ranging from natural forces (thunder,
lightning, drafts, etc.) to excessive stress, food and drug
incompatibility, infection, or familial susceptibility.
Personalistic causes
- Are associated with social punishment or retribution from
supernatural forces such as evil spirit, witch (Manga ga mud)
or sorcerer (mangkukulam).
- The forces cast these spells on people if they are jealous or
feel disliked. Witch doctors (Herbularyo) or priests are asked
to counteract and cast out these evil forces through the use of
prayers, incantations, medicinal herbs and plants.
- For protection the healer may recommend using holy oils, or
wearing religious objects, amulets, or talismans (anting anting).
• Filipino families greatly influence patients’ decisions
about health care. Patients subjugate personal needs and
tend to go along with the demands of a more authoritative
family figure in order to maintain group harmony.
• Before seeking professional help, Filipino older adults
tend to manage their illnesses by self-monitoring of
symptoms, ascertaining possible causes, determining the
severity and threat to functional capacity, and considering
the financial and emotional burden to the family.
Health Beliefs and Behaviors: basic logic of health and illness
• The basic logic of health and illness consists of prevention
(avoiding inappropriate behavior that leads to imbalance) and
curing (restoring balance); it is a system oriented to
moderation.
• Parallel to this holistic belief system is the understanding of
modern medicine with its own basic logic and principles for
treating certain types of diseases.
Health Promotion/Treatment Concepts:
• Flushing – The body is thought to be a vessel or container that
collects and eliminates impurities through physiological
processes such as sweating, vomiting, expelling gas, or having
an appropriate volume of menstrual bleeding.
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
• Heating – Adapts the concept of balanced between “hot” and
“cold” to prevent occurrence of illness and disorders.
• Protection – Safeguards the body’s boundaries from outside
influences such as supernatural and natural force.
Response to Illness
• Filipino older adults tend to cope with illness with the help of
family and friends, and by faith in God.
• Complete cure or even the slightest improvement in a malady
or illness is viewed as a miracle.
• Filipino families greatly influence patients’ decisions about
health care.
• Patients subjugate personal needs and tend to go along with
the demands of a more authoritative family figure in order to
maintain group harmony.
Health Superstitions
• Get rid of a hiccup by placing a short thread wet with
saliva on the forehead.
- Several factors can cause hiccups, including swallowing
air and eating or drinking too much or too fast.
- Bite on a slice of lemon, slowly sip ice-cold water while
placing gentle pressure on your nose as you swallow or
hold your breath for a short time.
• By showing fondness or affection when meeting a baby for
the first time, you may cause the baby to feel uneasy or
make the baby cry non-stop which is commonly referred to
as "nausog.
- To avoid passing the negative energy and cure the infant
of usog, superstition practice says you must dab your
saliva on the baby’s forehead or abdomen. Often, most
people would also greet the child by saying “pwera usog”
meaning for protection from the hex.
• Hitting the sack right after a shower is believed to cause
blindness and insanity.
- Rubbing wet hair against your pillow can cause hair
damage or breakage. The friction will also lead to you
having to deal with a bad hair day the next morning.
• Washing sweaty hands can lead to spasmodic hands or
pasma.
- Hand tremors, sweaty hands, numbness, and pain in the
hands are symptoms that are often related to diabetes
mellitus, thyroid dysfunction and nervous system
dysfunction.
• Not patting your sweat dry with a towel can cause you to
get pneumonia.
- Many Filipinos believe this superstition in fear of
suffering from this serious lung disease. Although, like
most pamahiins, there is no scientific basis for this
particular belief.
• Stepping over a child will stunt his or her growth.
- As we all know, the growth of a child depends on various
factors that influence development, including nutrition,
genes, sex, hormones, and socioeconomic status.
• Frog urine causes warts.
- The myth is rooted in frogs having bumps on their skin
that looks like warts. While some may believe this
superstition, warts are actually brought about by viruses
that cause an overproduction of keratin.
- Warts – virus, skin to skin
J.A.K.E 13 of 20
• Showering salt over the threshold of the front door of your
new house can help you and your family ward off sickness.
- Some Filipinos still practice this pamahiin because they
believe it’s “better to be safe than sorry.” Spreading salt
can’t protect you from getting sick but having a healthy
diet and taking multivitamins to boost immunity will!
Values of Filipino Nurse
Work ethic
- As a group, Filipino nurses are well liked because they are
hardworking. They place high value on responsibility and
seldom complain. “Many [Filipino nurses] work nights,
holidays and/or overtime. So, during this time of nursing
shortage, one can rely on a Filipino nurse to volunteer to cover
the shift”.
- It is not unusual to find Filipino nurses who work two jobs.
The financial rewards, job security, and personal advancement
that U.S. jobs provide to Filipino nurses are valued.
Spirituality
- Filipino nurses are very religious people. There is a deep faith
in God that is reflected in the expression of bahala na “it is up
to God” or “leave it to God.”
- This tends to be incorrectly equated with an expression of
fatalism and a passive acceptance of or resignation to fate.
Bahala na may also apply to acceptance of illness or malady.
Sensitivity
- Unmarried Filipino nurses’ recoil at the question, “Are you
pregnant?” when they go for a medical checkup. Because the
Philippine society considers sexual relationships not to occur
outside of marriage, it seems odd to them that they would be
questioned, although they are aware that this is part of a
routine health assessment. Filipinos are generally sensitive and
equally sensitive to the feelings of others, so they try to find a
way to say things diplomatically.
Interpersonal Relationships
- Filipinos are generally quiet. Very conservative families do
not allow their younger members to join the conversation of
adults without an invitation.
- They are sometimes hesitant to articulate their views,
especially if it is different from the majority, as it might
indicate discordance with the team or group.
- Engaging in arguments, especially with someone who is older
or holds an authority position, is considered uncivilized.
Filipinos also have difficulty turning down requests from
supervisors to whom they feel obligated.
Respect and Reverence
- One’s position in society, professional achievements, and age
carry a lot of weight in the Philippine society.
- Physicians, lawyers, priests, engineers, teachers, and nurses
are among the well-respected professionals in the Philippines.
Hence, their opinion is generally accepted without question.
- Filipino values and traditions provide a framework for conduct
and mode of communication. Because of a high regard for the
elderly and authority, Filipinos tend not to oppose or
contradict other views for fear of embarrassing the other party.
- “Filipinos generally are neither assertive nor aggressive and
may often appear guarded or reticent. Nurses often
misunderstand this need for passivity and do not appreciate the
culturally induced motivation to maintain harmonious balance
between man and nature”
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
Modesty
- Filipino nurses find it uncomfortable to accept even a well-
deserved compliment.
- For example, if someone gives a complement like, “Your dress
is beautiful!” the answer might be, “Not really. I bought it
cheap.” Or if someone says, “You are so knowledgeable,” the
answer might be, “Not really, I just happen to know it.” Yet
they are proud of their accomplishments in a sort of quiet way.
As a result, many have culture-based barriers to marketing
themselves.
Language
- Respect is integrated in the Filipino language. Reference to the
elderly is the use of the third person. Hence, when spoken to
assertively in a direct way, Filipinos feel offended.
- There is no gender differentiation in the Filipino language.
Although they are fully aware of the male and female genders,
their native language is what hinders them from precisely
using him or her in spoken English. Frequently, this leads to
confusion.
Close Family Ties
- Filipino nurses have strong family ties. While in the United
States, their close friends become their family members. As a
result, they perpetuate the cultural burden (as a downside) thus
making it more difficult and taking them longer to assimilate
into the mainstream culture of their adopted country. They
tend to eat the same food and mingle with individuals of the
same ethnic background.
Health beliefs, behaviors, and practices:
Preventive Health
- Because most of their time is devoted to work, going for
preventive health checkups takes a backseat. Yet, one may
hear a Filipino extolling the importance of preventive health to
her patients or clients.
- Filipino nurses have a tendency to self-diagnose, self-medicate,
and seek alternative therapies. In rural areas in the Philippines,
people go for Hilot for relief of pain and aches instead of
seeking medical attention.
- In an alternative context, Hilot may refer to a practitioner or
the practice of chiropractic manipulation and massage for the
diagnosis and treatment of musculoligamentous and
musculoskeletal ailments.
Home Remedies
- Three concepts underlie Filipino American health beliefs and
practices: flushing, heating, and protection. Each identifies a
basic process used to promote good health.
- Flushing keeps the body free from debris, heating maintains a
balanced internal temperature, and protection guards the body
from outside influences. Although Western and scientific
concepts are similar, Filipino theories are founded on different
premises.
- Flushing is based on the notion that the body is a container
that collects impurities, heating means that hot and cold
qualities must be balanced in the body, and protection involves
safeguarding the body’s boundaries from supernatural as well
as natural forces.
Pain Tolerance
- Filipino nurses have a high tolerance to pain.
- For example, one of the author’s sisters has severe arthritis,
yet she continues to do housework regardless of her pain.
J.A.K.E 14 of 20
- Filipino nurses normally use home remedies such as liniments
and topical ointments and manage pain before seeking medical
care or while under medical treatment.
- Health care providers need to probe more into the cause and
degree of pain from Filipino patients to elicit more information.
The elderly group, in particular, is unlikely to complain about
their pain because they do not want to have extra burdens
being imposed on caregivers.
Privacy
- Filipinos are mostly reserved and private people. As patients,
they may not readily reveal their personal and health
information. Women in particular are sensitive to touching
another individual as well as being touched.
- “Young female service providers should practice discretion
with regard to touching older Filipino male patients such as
laying one’s hand on the patient’s hand or shoulder to reassure
comfort in moments of distress”.
Responses to Mental Illness:
Devastating shame (Hiya)
- Sensitivity to criticism (Amor Propio)
- Common Perceptions of Filipinos about Mental Illness
- Unwillingness to accept having mental illness, which leads to
the avoidance of needed mental health services due to fear of
being ridiculed
- Involvement of other coping resources such as reliance on
family and friends or indigenous healers, and dependence on
religion which can diminish the need for mental health
services
- Prioritizing of financial and environmental needs which
preclude the need for mental health services
- Limited awareness of mental health services resulting in
limiting access
- Difficulty in utilizing mental health services during usual
hours because of the unavailability of working adult family
members
- Mental illness connotes a weak spirit, and may be attributed to
divine retribution as a consequence of personal and ancestral
transgression
- Lack of culturally oriented mental health services
- Health Beliefs and Behaviors: Indigenous Health Beliefs
Concept of Balance (Timbang)
- This concept is central to Filipino self-care practices and is
applied to all social relationships and encounters.
- According to this principle, health is thought to be a result of
balance, while illness due to humoral pathology and stress is
usually the result of some imbalance.
- Rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” cause illness and disorder.
Illustrated below are a range of humoral balances that
influence Filipino health perceptions:
 Rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” lead to illness
 “Warm” environment is essential for maintaining optimal
health C
 old drinks or cooling foods should be avoided in the
morning
 An overheated body is vulnerable to disease; a heated
body can get “shocked”
 When cooled quickly, it can cause illness
 A layer of fat maintains warmth, protecting the body’s
vital energy
 Imbalance from worry and overwork create stress and
illness
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
 Emotional restraint is a key element in restoring balance
 A sense of balance imparts increased body awareness
 Health Beliefs and Behaviors: Theories of Illness
 Physical and mental health and illness are viewed
holistically as an equilibrium model. In contrast, other
explanatory models may include mystical, personalistic
and naturalistic causes of illness or disease
NEW TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO PUBLIC HEALTH
ELECTRONIC INFORMATION
Description of eHealth
- the use of information and communication technologies for
health (WHO)
- eHealth is a means to ensure “right health info.is provided to
right person at right place & time in secure, electronic form to
optimize quality & efficiency of health care delivery, research,
educ. & knowledge
- Ex. The data of the patient is in the electronic form
Health Information Management Systems in Public Health:
System Developer & Key Information
BizBox
- A set of web-based for various health care institutions such as
hospitals and rural health units.
PhilHealth eClaims Portal
- A comprehensive browser-based solution for your PhilHealth
eClaims processing.
- Makikita dito kung updated ba ung bayad nung patient
- Makita niya ung philheath niya
- Pwede rin mag pa member sa phil health
Electronic health Records
- Paperless patient charting allowing for a faster access to
clinical records.
Queque Management System
- Manage patient queque for a better patient experience
- Maayos ang waiting area kapag may ganito
Our solutions
- Easy to use applications to boost your operations
Hospital information system
- Effectively manage medical and business operations using an
end-to-end solution
HER – Cloud Telemedicine
- Boost patient care by managing online consultations anytime
and anywhere
QMeUp
- Set and administer online appointments from your finger
Document Management System
- A digital and secure document storage for your medical files.
J.A.K.E 15 of 20
PSP PACS
- A complete imaging solution with a variety of functions and
extreme precision.
HR+Payroll System
- An all-inclusive employee data management system that best
fits your hospital facility.
Document Management system
- Xray’s are computerized
- And pay roll systems
Community Health Information & Tracking
System (CHITS)
- One of the pioneering EMR developed in 2004 by the
University of the Philippines -Manila.
- The relevant customized forms based on DOH and Philhealth
programs in
- CHITS were organized into modules for easier workflow
integration.
- first implemented at Dr. Elvira Manaloto-Lagrosa Health
Center Pasay, City (May 10, 2004)
- CHITS is now implemented in 208 sites
- This is used in health centers and it is an open source wala na
kasing folder per family dahil mahirap i-update palagi
Wireless Access for Health EMR (WAH EMT)
- The current WAH group expanded the CHITS with new
modules such as the Synchronized Patients Alerts via SMS,
Mobile Midwife and the statistics aggregator.
- Example meron ditong informations related sa problem ng
patient
eHealth TABLET for Informed Decision Making of LGU’s
(eHatid)
- Key product features of eHatid: EMR software application for
mobile android devices, dashboard, and a Mayor-Doctor
Communication as a channel for decision making and sharing
of health-related information.
- Masasabi agad ni doctor kay mayor kung maraming may sakit,
lagnat at ubo.
Electronic Medical Record (EMR)
- software application for mobile android devices
- Key product features of eHatid: dashboard, Mayor-Doctor
Communication
eHATID LGU
• Encode, edit, and search patient data
• Generate reports for decision making purposes of lgus and
agencies
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)

• Profiling of philhealth members and dependents

• Works offline
• Designed for mobile devices

Event-based Surveillance and Response System (ESR)

- Online health event surveillance reporting system. It involves
reporting all health events (existing or rare) that raise concern,
fear, alarm in community which may have known, suspected
or possible impact on human health. National Health Data
- Kung sino ung naka assign mag report dapat ireport na niya - Tuberculosis (ITIS)
- Injuries/kontra paputok (ONEISS)
- Hospital statistical report (OHSRS)
- Chronic non-communical diseases like: cancer, diabetes,
stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, coronary
artery disease (UDRS)
- Anti-microbial resistance stewardship program and others.
Benefits of Ihomis
• Quick access
• Reduces time
• Lessens paper-based transactions
• Generates hospital reports
- Mag papadala na ng tao • Maintenance, paid free by DOH
- Kailangan na ba ipa-ospital na Integrated Tuberculosis Information System (IT IS)
- Has a case management module that captures patient’s
demographic profile, TB examination record and treatment
information.
- Makikita kung nababawasan or nadaragdagan ang mga TB
cases
• Case holding
• Treatment outcomes
Integrated Hospital Operations and Management Information • Laboratory examinations
System (iHomis) • FOA
- It has modules for the following areas in the hospital:
admitting, outpatient, emergency room, billing and cashier,
nursing, pharmacy, dietary, laboratory and radiology.

Features of iHOMIS
• Admitting System Mag-Ina (Maternal and Neonatal Telereferral System (MInTS)
• Outpatient Dept, System - A web-based maternal and neonatal telereferral system. It
• Emergency Room System enables lying-in clinics to electronically send referrals requests
• Billing System when pregnant mothers and newborns need to be transferred to
• Cashiering System a higher care facility.
• Medical Records Systems National Rabies Information System
• Nursing Service System - It allows animal bite treatment center to capture bite patient
• Pharmacy System records and generate reports for submission to program
• Dietary System managers at all levels of the health system.
Revenue Centers Systems like: Philhealth eClaims System
• Laboratory and Rodiology - A web-based facility developed by Philhealth for claim
• Philhealth Claims Systems reimbursement transactions.
• Membership Verification
• Claims Processing
• Status Monitoring
J.A.K.E 16 of 20
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)

Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response

(PIDSR) System
- Indicator reporting based system of priority diseases or
syndromes and conditions such as Acute Viral Hepatitis,
Dengue, Cholera, Malaria, Measles and Acute Encephalitis
among others.
- Used in disease na pinababantayan ng DOH

Report within 24 hours

- Suspected Polio Secured Health Information Network Exchange (SHINE)
- Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) - It also has referral features and an SMS reminder facility for
- Anthrax scheduled visits/ appointments
- Human Avian influenza - Example patient is for follow up visit may mag me-message sa
- Measles kanila.
- Meningococcal Disease SegWorks Integrated Health Management System (SegIHMS)
- Neonatal Tetanus - A suite hospital and community electronic health information
- Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning system
- Kaya nyang pag sama-samahin lahat ng data ng mga branches
- Rabies
ng isang hospital
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
PHIC E-Claims Systems
- in order to improve operational efficiency in insurance health
claims processing, PhilHealth has outsourced the electronic
processing insurance claims to various Health information
Technology Providers (HITPs)
- Segworks is one of the 6 accredited HITPs in the country
today. It has developed two e-Claims systems that provide
secure electronic e-Clain services to various hospitals.
Embedded E-Claims System
- Segworks Hospital information System (SegHIS) has an
embedded e-Claims module that is integrated into its
workflow. Embedded e-claim allows for a seamless and fraud-
free processing of health insurance claims automatically upon
patient discharge from the hospital.
Stand Alone Managed -Claims System (SAM-e)
- SAMe is stand-alone managed e-claims system designed for
hospitals or clinics with or without a hospital system. The e-
claims systems-supports membership verification status of
patient. electronic submission of insurance claims and
supporting documents and monitoring of submitted claims it
enables hospitals in quickly encode and send health insurance
claims to Philhealth electronically.

J.A.K.E 17 of 20
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
Other Complimentary Healthcare Solution Services
Segworks Rural Health Information System (SegRHIS)
- SegRHIS is web-based Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and
rural health information management system designed to
automate the operation of rural health centers. It has a patient
management, module, medical services, module, laboratory
services module, inventory module, and with built-in ID 10
coding functionality.
Segworks Management Health Information System (SegMHIS)
- This is an EMR and health information management system
for both Rural Health Units/Centers and hospitals which
allows a central unit to consolidate electronically and
manually uploaded data for Integrated reporting. This is
particularly useful for local government units managing
several rural health centers and hospitals. This can also be
used by a healthcare company managing the operation of
multiple hospitals.
Segworks Public Health Information System (SegPHIS)
- Segworks developed the Public. Health information System
(PHIS) automates: (a) the collection of public health data by
the midwife at the village or barangay level; (b) the operation
and collection of public health data of Rural Health Centers.
with an EMR system; and (o) systematic aggregation and
reporting public health data at the datacenter level. The system
is person-based which improves the traceability and accuracy
of data. It runs on any platform using open source and web-
based technologies.
Telemedicine
- DOH implementation
- for remote and underserved areas and vulnerable populations
(selected pilot areas)
- through National Telehealth Center, National Institute for
Health, UP Manila
Surveillance in Post Extreme Emergencies and Disasters
(SPEED)
- DOH developed and implemented mobile technology
solutions in reporting cases through the Health Emergency
Management Staff’s w/ support from WHO
International Commitments
World Summit on Information Society wherein the
Philippines is a signatory:
- Strengthen, expand ICT-based initiatives for medical &
humanitarian assistance in disasters & emergencies
- Alert, monitor & control spread of Communicable Disease,
through improvement of common information systems.
- Promote devp of international standards - exchange of health
data, taking consideration to privacy
- Encourage adoption of ICTs to improve & extend health care
& health info. systems to remote & underserved areas &
vulnerable populations.
- Promote collaborative efforts of govt, planners, health
professional & other agencies w/ international organizations
for creating reliable, timely, high quality, affordable health
care & health info. systems & for promoting continuous
medical training, educ & research
- Facilitate access to world's medical knowledge & locally-
relevant content resources for strengthening public health
research and prevention programs.
J.A.K.E 18 of 20
Philippines was signatory to the 58th Health Assembly
Resolution
• Reach communities, vulnerable groups, with eHealth services
appropriate to their needs.
• Mobilize multi-sectoral collaboration to determine evidence-
based eHealth standards & norms & to share the knowledge of
cost-effective models, ensuring quality, safety & ethical
standards & respect principles of confidentiality of info,
privacy, equity & equality.
• Build on closer collaboration with private and non-profit
sectors in ICTs.
• Draw long-term strategic plan for developing & implementing
ehealth services in health sectors
• Devp. infrastructure for ICTs for health to promote equitable,
affordable & universal access.
• Establish, implement national electronic public-health
information systems & to improve, by means of info. the
capacity for surveillance, rapid response to, disease & public-
health emergencies.
• Est. national centres & networks of excellence for eHealth best
practice, policy coordination, tech. support for health-care
delivery, service improvement, info. to citizens, capacity
building & surveillance.
eHealth Vision
- By 2020 eHealth will enable widespread access to health care
services, health information, securely share & exchange
patients’ info. in support to a safer, quality health care, more
equitable & responsive health system for all Filipino people by
transforming the way info. is used to plan, manage, deliver &
monitor health services.
Development of Philippines eHealth Strategic Framework and
Plan
- brief history: HOD & DOST are jointly managing PH eHealth
Strategic Framework and Plan. July 2013: a joint national
eHealth governance structure was formed Sept. 2013
- DOH & DOST w/ guidance of WHO, crafted PH eHealth
Strategic Framework and Plan (PeHSFP)
- PeHSFP is our roadmap to how we will use IT for healthcare
in country
Key Strategic Guiding Principles
- in development of PeHSFP are:
1. eHealth must serve of client
2. collaboration and partnerships w/ health care stakeholders
3. users involved at all phases of development and
implementation
4. entities that started eHealth must be recognized – so as not to
constraint continuing advancements and gain support
5. human resource made available by building capability to
implement the eHealth agenda
6. strategic approach in term of phases for more focus,
judiciously, efficient use of resource
7. must be aligned or harmonized w/out controlling HC providers
to implement local ehealth solutions. (kaya tinuro na sa atin
ung coding at standards na pang international)
8. must comply to relevant laws and regulations
9. Investments must be made on areas that deliver greatest
benefits to health consumers, health care providers, and
healthcare managers; and ensure no duplication in terms of
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)
time, effort and resources. (kung ano ung pipiliin ni mayor
kailangan naka depende un sa analysis niya)
eHealth Components
Required services and applications to enable
widespread access to health care services,
eHealth health information, health reports, health
Solution care activities, and securely share and
exchange patient’s information in support to
health system goals.
Infrastructure includes physical technology
& software platforms, services &
Infrastructure applications to support health information
exchange. Ex.High-speed data connectivity,
computers & mobile devices
Workforce or manpower to develop, operate
or implement the national eHealth
Human
environment such as the health workers who
Resources
will be using eHealth in their line of works
(meron ng mga hinire)
Strategy & Develops, operates and sustains the national
Investment eHealth vision.
Directs, coordinates eHealth activities at all
Governance
levels like hospitals & health care providers
Legislation, Formulation of required legislations,
Policy & policies, compliance to support attainment
Compliance of eHealth vision.
Promotes, enables exchange of health info
across geographical & health sector
Standard & boundaries through use of common
Interoperability standards on data structure, terminologies,
& messaging. (dapat kayang intindihin ng
international language)
Philippines’ Health Technology Assessment Council (HTAC)
• HTAC, created by the Universal Health Care Law, is a group
of experts tasked with the unique role of reviewing any health
technology, including vaccines and medicines, to be used for
public health programs
• Administrative Order No. 2020-0041 NEW
IMPLEMENTING GUIDELINES
• Ino-audit niya ung use of medicine, vaccines using technology
etc.
J.A.K.E 19 of 20
Terminologies
• Interoperability - Extent to which systems and devices can
exchange data & interpret that shared data
• Department of Science and Technology - A government
agency mandated to provide central direction, leadership and
coordination of scientific and technological efforts and ensure
that the results there from are geared and utilized m areas of
maximum economic and social benefits for the people
• Republic Act 8792 or the e-Commerce Act of 2000 - mandates
all government agencies to transact government business and
performs government functions using electronic data messages
and electronic documents.
NURSING CORE VALUES AS A
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
Mission
- The National League for Nursing promotes excellence in
nursing education to build a strong and diverse nursing work
force to advance the health of our nation and the global
community.
1) Caring
2) Diversity
3) Integrity
4) Excellence
5) Human dignity
6) Autonomy
7) Altruism
8) Social justice
Caring
- A culture of caring, as a fundamental part of the nursing
profession, characterizes our concern and consideration for the
whole person, our commitment to the common good, and our
outreach to those who are vulnerable.
- All organizational activities are managed in a participative and
person-centered way, demonstrating an ability to understand
the needs of others and a commitment to act always in the best
interests of all stakeholders.
Integrity
- A culture of integrity is evident when organizational principles
of open communication, ethical decision-making, and humility
are encouraged, expected, and demonstrated consistently.
- Not only is doing the right thing simply how we do business,
but our actions reveal our commitment to truth telling and to
how we always see ourselves from the perspective of others in
a larger community.
 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING 1 LEC – BSN 2ND YEAR 1ST SEMESTER FINAL 2021 (MAM GARCIA)

Diversity Legal Basis

- A culture of inclusive excellence encompasses many identities, - RA 9173 Article VI Sec. 28
influenced by the intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, - A 7164 Article V Sec. 27
sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical • The Possible Entrepreneurship and Job Options for Medical
abilities, religious and political beliefs, or other ideologies. Practitioners
- It also addresses behaviors across academic and health
Academic Sector Job Opportunities/Job Options
enterprises. Differences affect innovation so we must work to
- Teachers/ professors
understand both ourselves and one another.
- Clinical instructors for nurses
Excellence
- Academic research assistants
- A culture of excellence reflects a commitment to continuous
- Field coordinators
growth, improvement, and understanding.
- It is a culture where transformation is embraced, and the status Health Sector Job Opportunities/Job Options
quo and mediocrity are not tolerated. - Part time RHU/hospital nurses
- Manage/operate birthing centers
Human Dignity - Manage/operate care homes for elderly differently abled
- Can be thought of as an individual's sense of self-worth and persons and other patients needing chronic care
self-respect. It can encompass many things, including the right - Part time or fulltime private nurses (in the homes of patients
to fill basic needs, like food, shelter, and personal safety. who can afford to pay)
- In the health care environment, human dignity is more focused - Medical Representative for drug stores/companies
on aspects of privacy, respect, and autonomy - Medical Research Consultants/Assistants
- Technical Assistance Consultants/Providers
Autonomy Business Sector Opportunities/Job Option
- Professional autonomy means having the authority to make - Transcription services (international) and engage in other non-
decisions and the freedom to act in accordance with one's nursing related enterprise
professional knowledge base. - Business Plan
- Relevance to clinical practice: To gain autonomous practice, - Manage Nurses’ Clinic
nurses must be competent and have the courage to take charge - Medical Transcription Services
in situations where they are responsible. - Tourism Health Care Services
- Ex: ayaw magpa vaccine, ang gnagawa nlng natin ay - Outsourcing Primary Healthcare
pinapabayaan nlng sila - Health care training management
- Review center
Altruism - hospice, domiciliary and health care facilities
- Concern for the welfare and wellbeing of others. - Public health advocacy
- Advocacy - Home HC services
- In professional practice, altruism is reflected by the nurse's - Emergency medical services
concern and advocacy for the welfare of patients, other nurses, - Wellness and fitness management
and health care providers - Medical mission
- Periodic physical examination
Social Justice
Sources of Revenue
- Social justice is a core nursing value and the foundation of
public health nursing. • Senators and Congressman
- Social justice implies that there is a fair and equitable • Requiring Long Term Care
distribution of benefits and burdens in a society. • Government Units
- Social justice ideology requires nursing students to uphold • Health Maintenance Organizations
moral, legal, and humanistic principles related to health • Elderly (Home for the Aged)
• Local and Foreign Donors
HEALTH RELATED ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES • PhilHealth
IN THE COMMUNITY SETTING Aims
Project Entrepreneurs’ - Reduce the cost of quality HC
- Initiative of Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) - Employment opportunities for RN’s
- Introduces home healthcare industry in the Philippines - Achieve millennium development goal on maternal and child
- Framework: FOURmula one for health health
Collaborating Agencies
4 Elements
• DOLE
• Good governance
• DOH
• Health financing
• OHNAP
• Health regulation • UPCN
• Health service delivery • PRC-BON
Goals • PNA
• Better Health Outcome • DTI
• Equitable Healthcare Financing Same lang ung topic ng lecture at RLE ah! Mag review maigiii.
• More responsive health care system Goood luckkk Future Nurses 😊😊 – Aki
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