-7-

AGPNAÇPHJG J. Z/ 72296
G\HPAÈPHJG @. Z/ <6026
Vr nmuktg 7. N. Z/ 7>9<6
Pna
Pn ag? Z^JN ZH DKN
DKNZZ
Agrjds iun jdktrgtg`d –a‑ vnjns ns ukg ahsag  ZDC^J
 ZDC ^JHH ÚK? JDC
J DCNN M H D \ DL
DLNN \ P EDJB 
E DJB 
naprnsg5 sh nk nc prhanr jdktrgtd cgldrú x  :6 Nk nc >td g÷d?
7
 0< 5 nc tnrjnrd  0  0  x  >7<6
`ágs5 nk nc snmuk`d x
<
x
:
 >9 :
 
ntj., y sglhnk`d qun?
7 7 7 7 x  79<6
   ...   6,7: Vdr cd tgktd, cg suag
x7 x< x: xa
0 < : 0
´Juçktgs vnjns iun jdktrgtg`d Agrjds4 0 0  0
x  x   x    x    x  
: : :  :
G. 76
L. 7>  0  0 <  0 :  0 0 
x 7           
J. 79  :  :  :  : 
@. 2  
N. 7<   0 > 
   7 
 ZDC^J
 ZDC ^JHH ÚK? JDC
J DCNN M H D \ DL
DLNN \ P EDJB
E DJB  :  x(76< 0  <0:)
x(76<0 <0:)
x  
\napcgzgads cds `gtds?  0 7  7
7 7 7
   ... 
7 7:

7: 7  : 
 
:6 0< >9 xa 86
79<6 76<0  27)
79<6((76<0 27)  7>9<6
7>9<6
Vd`nads nsjrhlhrcd gsá?
7 7 7 7 7< 79<6  <796  <22<  :206  >7<6  7
   ...   \ nsp
spun
unst
stg
g? N
> 9 9  = = 2 (a  0)
0)(a  >)
>) 86
7 7 7 7 Vr nmuktg :.
 
> 9 9 = Pna
Pn ag? \ N MC
MCGG @N P\N Z JDAV^N
JDAV^N ZPG
7 7 7 7 7 7 0 @djn dlrnrds trglgogk`d ukhidrananktn
    ...    rngchzgrdk :/> `n ukg dlrg nk 0> `ágs. Zh sn rnthrgk
> 9 9 = (a  0) ( a  >) :6
trns, ´nk juçktds `ágs tnrahkgrgk cg dlrg cds
7 7 < dlrnrds rnstgktns4
 
> (a  >)>) 7>
: < 7 G. 0>
 
7> 7> (a  >) L. 06
7 7 J. :6
 @. 0<
7> (a  >)>)
N. :>
a  76
\ nsp
spun
unstg
stg?? G  ZDC^J
 ZDC ^JHH ÚK? JDC
J DCNN M H D \ DL
DLNN \ P EDJB 
E DJB 
Vr nmuktg <.
Pna
Pn ag? I \G JJH DKN
DKNZZ
Jg`g g÷d Jyktbhg gbdrrg :/0 `n cd qun gbdrrú nc DL\N\DZ   @ÁGZ   DL\G
g÷d gktnrhdr. Zh nc quhktd g÷d gbdrrú Z/. >7<6,
´Juçktd gjuaucú nk nstds jhkjd g÷ds4 :
7< 0>
>
G. Z/ <>966 8 x <
>
L. Z/ :2066

-<-
 < :
7<  0>   8  x  Pdtgc Vnráantrd Hktnrhdr
> >
: 8 2 7
Zhapchihjgads?
0 79 7< 0
7
0 <
> : : > <> 79 8
7<  0>   8  x  . . . .
> > . . . .
. . . .
 Kds qun`g?
< < < <
0  >  <  7 x  7 k k k   k  <  k  <
Vdr cd tgktd?
06  x Zh nk nc hktnrhdr `nc tnrrnkd bgy 0=9 çrldcns açs
\ nsp
spun
unst
stg
g? L qun nk nc pnráantrd, kds qun`g?

<
 k  <   k   k  <   0=9
< <
V r nm uktg 0.  
Pna
Pn ag? JD\PN Z X N ZPGJG
ZPGJGZZ Hktnrhdr 
Vnráantrd
Vhcgr, gc nktnrgrsn qun su gluncd cn dlsnquhú uk
Dpnrgads?
tnrrnkd jug`rg`d jdk pcgktgjhúk `n agkzgkds,
< < <
`hstrhluh`ds ukhidrananktn, `njh`n k  0k  0  k  k  0k  0  0=
0=9
jdktglhchzgrcds. () Ynr ihmurg <
k  2k  2  0=9
Jdapcntgads jug`rg`ds?
<
k  2k  2  2  0=9  2
<
k  2k 79
79  020
< <
 k  0   <<
 Kds qun`g?
k  0  <<
Zh nk nc hktnrhdr `nc tnrrnkd bgy 0=9 çrldcns açs k  <9
qun nk nc pnráantrd, ´Juçc ns nc prd`ujtd `n cds Nc tdtgc `n agkzgkds ns?
`ámhtds `nc tdtgc `n agkzgkds4 < <
k  <9
G. :<> <
k  9=9
L. <:6
Nc prd`ujtd `n cds `ámhtds `nc tdtgc `n agkzgkds
J. <><
snrç?
@. 702
N. ::6  prd`ujtd  9  =  9
 prd`ujtd
`hmhtds
 ZDC^J
 ZDC ^JHH ÚK? JDC
J DCNN M H D \ DL
DLNN \ P EDJB
E DJB  prd`ujtd  <><
 prd`ujtd
Bgjnads cd shmuhnktn? `hmhtds
\ nsp
spun
unst
stg
g? J
AGPNAGPHJG
GCMNL\G

V r nmuktg >.
P nag? N jug
jugjhjhd
dkn
knss
Cg pdccnrág –tág Pucg‑ hkgumurg ukg
u kg sujursgc qun
@n cg ihmurg tnknads? junktg jdk g, l y j ansgs `n <5 : y 0 shccgs

-:-
rnspnjthvganktn. Nc `ág `n cg hkgumurgjhúk 96  9j  89
gshsthnrdk =9 jdanksgcns qun djupgrdk td`gs cgs 9j  :9
g l j j 9
ansgs5 gc `ág shmuhnktn sn ccnkú    ansgs
< : <
g l j Gbdrg nk (7)?
y nc tnrjnrd   . Zh `ns`n cg hkgumurgjhúk
0 < 9 <g  :l  0j  =9
kd sn gmrnmú khkmukg ansg y sglhnk`d qun nc <g  :(7<)  0(9)  =9
snmuk`d y tnrjnr `ág sn ccnkgrdk 77 y 8 ansgs, <g  :9  <0  =9
rnspnjthvganktn. ´Juçktgs ansgs bgy nk cg <g  96  =9
sujursgc4
<g  79
G. <9 g 2
L. :6 Nc kÿanrd `n ansgs nk cg sujursgc snrç?
J. <0
@. <2 g  l  j  <9
N. :<
\nspunstg? G
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB Vrnmuktg 9.
@nc prdlcnag tnknads Pnag? Agtrhjns
<g  :l  0j  =9 ... (7) Cuhs cn `nln g Ougk Z/>65 pgrg rn`ujhr su `nu`g5
g l j
   77 ... (<)
Ougk cn `hjn g Cuhs qun cn `nsjdktgrç  g77  g <: 
< : < sdcns. ´Juçktd `nlnrç Cuhs `nspuès `nc
g l j `nsjunktd4
   8 ... (:) Zh?
0 < 9
  < :  7 <   : < : 
Cg njugjhúk (7) x 9, cg njugjhúk (<) x7< y cg  G  
 7 0
  :
6 7
   7 : 9 
njugjhúk (:) x <0, vngads?      
9g  8l  7<j  <<2 ...( ) G. Z/ 07
9g  7<l  0j  <79 ...( ) L. Z/ 0:
J. Z/ :=
9g  0l  9j  7:< ...()
@. Z/ :8
\nstgads ( )  () y cunmd ( )  ( ) ? N. Z/ :>
2l  <j  20  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB
>l  9j  89 \nsdcvnads?
  < :  : 9   : < : 
Gbdrg?  G  
7 0
  6 :   7 : 9 
<0l  9j  <><        
  > 8 : < : 
>l  9j  89   G   
  
<8l  :02 7 7 << 7 : 9 <:
7>  8 76  <= 7>  >0 
<8l   <8 7<   G   
 :  7 <: :  9  <:
 l  7<
 9 7= 98 
Znmuhads?  G    
>l  9j  89  0 > :  <:
>(7<)  9j  89 \njdr`nads?

-0-
 g g g 
 G    77 7< 7:  M(x)  gx  l
g<7 g<< g<:  <:
Nc `nsjunktd ns? M(x)  8x  7>6
 g77  g <:   Kds ph`nk?

9: M(>6)  8(>6)  7>6

8
Cuhs cn `nln g Ougk? M(>6)  0>6  7>6
Z/. >6 - Z/. 8
M(>6)  966
Z/. 07

\nspunstg? G \nspunstg? G
Vrnmuktg 2.
Vrnmuktg =. Pnag?
^kg gmnkjhg `n vhgons dirnjn uk tdur gc jg÷úk `nc
Pnag? Vdchkdahds jdcjg g Z/<06 pdr pnrsdkg. Zh nc kÿanrd `n
Vdr cg vnktg `n 76 y :6 grtájucds hmugcns, sn dlthnkn
 pnrsdkgs ns agydr g <6, g td`ds sn cns rnlgogrç Z/>,
`n mgkgkjhg Z/<06 y Z/0<6, rnspnjthvganktn. Zh cg
ns `njhr, sh sdk <7 pnrsdkgs jg`g ukg pgmgrç Z/<:>,
iukjhúk mgkgkjhg ns chkngc, ´Juçktd sn dltnk`rç
sh sdk << jg`g ukg pgmgrç Z/<:6 y gsá
 pdr cg vnktg `n >6 `n nstds grtájucds4
sujnshvganktn, ´Juçktgs pnrsdkgs `nlnrçk hr gc
tdur pgrg qun cg gmnkjhg dltnkmg nc agydr hkmrnsd4
G. Z/ 966
L. Z/ ><6
G. :<
J. Z/ =<6
L. <=
@. Z/ 026
J. :6
N. Z/ 926
@. :0
N. :>
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB 
Zng M(x) cg iukjhúk chkngc `n mgkgkjhg, tnknads?
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB 
M(x)  gx  l
@gtds? Nc hkmrnsd `n cg gmnkjhg snrç?
M(76)  76g  l  <06 Hkmrnsdgmnkjhg   k  pnrsdkgs  jdstd j/u 
M(:6)  :6g  l  0<6 Cunmd?
Aucthpchjgk`d M(76) x : y rnsdcvhnk`d nc shstnag? H
7
 (<6  7)(<:>)
:6g  :l  =<6  H  (<6  <)(<:6)
 <
:6g  l  0<6  H:  (<6  :)(<<>)
<l  :66
 l  7>6 H
k
 (<6  k )(<06  >k )
\napcgzgads nk?  Kds qun`g?
76g  l  <06 H k  (<6  k)(<06  >k)
76g  7>6  <06
76g  86 <
H k  (<6)(<06) 766k  <06k  >k
g 8
<
\napcgzgk`d nk? H k  (<6)(<06) 706k  >k

->-
Vgrg qun sng açxhad su `nrhvg`g `nln snr? Vdr prdphn`g` `n cg lhsnjtrhz, sglnads qun?
< °
 (<6)(<06)  706k  >k   6 IM  IB
706  76k  6 GB  GM  70 a.
706  76k
70  k Vdr cg ahsag prdphn`g` `n cg lhsnjtrhz, trgzgads
IA  LJ ?
Nc kÿanrd `n pnrsdkgs ns?
k pnrsdkgs   <6  k  I
M
k pnrsdkgs   <6  70
k pnrsdkgs  :0 2
\nspunstg? @ 
AGPNAÇPHJG L 
MNDANP\HG
Vrnmuktg 8. 2
Pnag?  
A 0
Nk uk trhçkmucd GLJ, GL19 a, GJ1 76 a, cg G J 0 B
 lhsnjtrhz hktnrhdr `nc çkmucd G y cgs lhsnjtrhjns
nxtnrhdrns `n cds çkmucds L y J sn jdrtgk nk I. Zn
trgzg IB  GJ   tgc qun GB  70 a.   Jgcjucn cg @nc mrçihjd, tnknads?
cdkmhtu` `n LJ LM  LA  Y JB  JA
Vdr cd tgktd?
G. 77 LJ  2  0
L. 70
J. 7< LJ  7<
@. 76
N. 7:
\nspunstg? J
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB
Bgjnads ukg mrçihjg `n gjunr`d g cds `gtds.
Vrnmuktg 76.
Pnag? V\N JGCJ^CD
@ntnrahkn nc çrng `n cg rnmhúk chahtg`g pdr cds nons
I
jddr`nkg`ds y cgs rnjtgs pgrgcncgs
M
C7 ? 0x  :y 7<  6 y C <
2 Zglhnk`d qun (95 0)  C
<

L  <
G. 0< u
<
9  L. 9> u
  
<
G J. :9 u
76 J 0 B
<
@. 92 u

-9-
Vrnmuktg 70. L

Pnag? P\H ÇKM^CDZ - CN X @N JDZN KDZ

Agrjds thnkn uk tnrrnkd nk idrag trhgkmucgr. Zh cgs V :6 W
`hankshdkns `n `ds `n sus cg`ds sdk 7> y <6a5 y
nc çkmucd idrag`d pdr nstds ns 96¶, ´Juçktd ah`n
nc cg`d qun igctg4
G
G. > 7:a J \ 

2 <
L. 9 =a G. <a
:
J. : :8a
8 <
@. 7< a L. :a
:
N. 97 a
7 <
J. :a
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB <
Mrgihjgads nc trhçkmucd. 8 <
@. :a
L 0
2 <
N. <a
j g  7>  >  : >

 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB

96 Jdapcntgads cds çkmucds y cg`ds nk nc mrçihjd?
G J
 l  <6  >  0 L
Vdr cg cny `n jdsnkds?
< <
:   
6    :
j  g  l  <gl.Jds96
       

: V
Igjtdrhzgads > y gpchjgads cg cny `n jdsnkds? : : :6 W
< < :
96
< < 7
j  > :  0  < : 0    : :
< :6 :
:       
6       
          

<
Zhapchihjgk`d? :6 96
G J : \ 
j  > 8  79 7<
 Kds qun`g? Nc çrng `nc trhçkmucd LJV snrç?
j  > 7: Lgsn  Gcturg
G 
<
\nspunstg? G
Vrnmuktg 7>.  : :    :< 
Pnag? Ç\N GZ G 
Nk cg ihmurg, GLJ ns uk trhçkmucd nquhcçtnrd y <
JVW\ ns uk jug`rg`d. Jgcjucn nc çrng `n cg rnmhúk 8 : <
trhgkmucgr LJV, sh VW1:a G  a
0
\nspunstg? @

-76-
Vrnmuktg 79. AGPNAÇPHJG
Pnag? P\H ÇKM^CDZ KDPGLC N Z \G_DKGAHNKPD CDMHJD
^k mugr`gldsqun shtug`d nk nc punstd G, dlsnrvg AGPNAGPHJD
g ukg gr`hccg nk `hrnjjhúk :6¶ gc nstn. Dtrd qun sn Vrnmuktg 7=.
nkjunktrg nk nc punstd L, 766 a gc nstn `n G, Pnag? \ N CGJH ÚK - VG\N KPN ZJDZ
dlsnrvg cg ahsag gr`hccg nk ukg cákng `n 96¶ gc Ahmunc ns nc pg`rn `n \gqunc y bnragkd `n ah
dnstn jdad sn dlsnrvg nk cg ihmurg ag`rn, ´Wuè pgrnktnsjd thnkn jdkahmd nc gluncd
`nc bnragkd `nc bhod `n \gqunc4

V G. bnragkd
L. tád
J. gluncd
:6 @. pg`rn
96 N. sdlrhkd

G L  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB

766a
Bgjnads uk `hgmrgag pgrg pd`nr nstglcnjnr cg
´G què `hstgkjhg sn nkjunktrg cg gr`hccg `nc punstd rncgjhúk?
G4 Bnragkds
G. 96a Ahmunc Ah ag`rn
L. :6 :a Vg`rn Phd
    d
     c
>6 <     n
    u
J. a      l \gqunc Xd
:      G
@. >6a Bhods
N. >6 :a Bnragkds
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB Vdr cd tgktd? Ahmunc ns ah tád
Mrgihjgads cds çkmucds kdtglcns y cds cg`ds `nc
shmuhnktn ad`d.
\nspunstg? L
Vrnmuktg 72.
Pnag? DVN\G@D\N Z AGPN AÇPH JDZ
V <x
Zh  0x  , bgccn >
:x  <
>6a
:6 G. 72/>
96 L. 70/>
96 :6 J. 8/>
G L @. 79/>
766a
N. 2/>
\njunr`n qun nc cg`d dpunstd g :6¶ ns cg ahtg` `n
cg bhpdtnkusg.  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB 
GV  >6a Cd prhanrd qun bgrnads ns sglnr juçktd `nln snr
\nspunstg? @ x pgrg nc dpnrg`dr > ?

Vgrg nstd `njhads? <x

 >
:x  <

-77-
 <x nk sus :/0 y cg dtrg nk sus >/77 nc çrng guanktg nk
>
:x  < 778 a<4
<  x  7>x 76
7<  79x G. 99 a<
: L. 92 a<
x J. == a<
0
@. => a<
:
Jugk`d x   sn juapcn qun? <  x  > N. 8= a<
0 :x  <
\napcgzgads nk?  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB
<x Mrgihjgads?
 0x
:x  <
>
 :  y
>  0  77
 0
> : 79
y
7y 77
Gbdrg, vngads júad qun`g cd qun an ph`nk >
7x : =
x
?  x
0 0
Zh rnapcgzgads cd bgccg`d ( >  : ), kds qun`grg?

>  : Nc çrng hkhjhgc? GHKHJHGC  xy

Nc ahsad prdjnsd gktnrhdr? = 79 <2
Nc çrng ihkgc? GIHKGC  x. y xy
0 77 77
<x
 : Nc çrng qun guanktg ns?
:x  <
<
<x
:
GIHKGC  GHKHJHGC  778a
:x  <
<2
<  x  8x  9 xy  xy  778
2  76x 77
0 7=
  x xy  =  7=
> 77
\napcgzgads nk?  Kds qun`g qun nc çrng `n cg rnmhúk rnjtgkmucgr ns?
<x <
 0x xy  ==a
:x  <
\nspunstg? J
0 Vrnmuktg <6.
:  0 
> Pnag? AJA y AJ@
>
Prns lgrrhcns thnknk :965 =<6 y <=66 chtrds `n
79 gjnhtn. Zh sn `nsng `npdshtgr td`d nc gjnhtn nk
> 
> nkvgsns qun tnkmgk cg ahsag jgpgjh`g`,
\nspunstg? @ jdksh`nrgk`d qun kd sn pun`n anzjcgr cds gjnhtns
Vrnmuktg 78. `n cds trns lgrrhcns, ´Juçc ns cg ankdr jgkth`g` `n
Pnag? I \G JJH DKNZ nkvgsns qun sn napcngrçk pgrg qun td`ds nstèk
´Juçc snrç nc çrng `n cg rnmhúk rnjtgkmucgr, ccnkds y kd sn `nspnr`hjhn gjnhtn4
sglhnk`d qun guanktgk`d ukg `n sus `hankshdkns
G. <<

-7<-
L. <7 <
g  <066  <g
J. <8
Igjtdrhzgads pdr gspg shapcn?
@. <:
N. 72 <
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB g  <g  <066  6
Vgrg cg ankdr jgkth`g` usgads, nc AJ@? g >6 >6g
g 02 02g
:96 =<6 <=66 86
<g
0 2 :6 <
 Kds qun`g?
< 0 7> g  >6  6
g  >6
PDPGC  <  0  7>
\nmrnsgads nc jgalhd `n vgrhglcn?
PDPGC  <7 x  y  >6
\nspunstg? L Gbdrg lusjgads < kÿanrds qun su prd`ujtd sng
Vrnmuktg <7. 96 y su suag >6, nstds sdk?
Pnag? V\ DAN @H DZ x  :6
Nc prd`ujtd `n `ds kÿanrds nktnrds pdshthvds ns
966. Zh cg an`hg grhtaèthjg y cg an`hg graúkhjg y  <6
sdk vgcdrns jdksnjuthvds, ´Juçc ns cg `hinrnkjhg `n Cg `hinrnkjhg snrç?
nstds kÿanrds4 x  y  76
G. 7>
L. 76
\nspunstg? L
J. <6
@. <>
N. :6
Vrnmuktg <<.
Pnag? V\ DVD\JH DKN Z
Jhkjd bnragkds sn rnpgrtnk ukg bnrnkjhg
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB  prdpdrjhdkgcanktn g sus n`g`ns. Nc bnragkd
Nc prd`ujtd? xy  966
ankdr gi hrag? –sh yd rnjhlhnrg cg ahtg` y ahs
xy bnragkds cg tnrjnrg, jugrtg, snxtg y djtgvg pgrtn
An`hg grhtaèthjg? A.G. 
< `n cd qun kds bg tdjg`d g jg`g ukd, td`ds
<xy 7<66 tnk`rágads cg ahsag jgkth`g` y guk sdlrgrág Z/
An`hg graúkhjg? A.B.   8666‑. Zh nc bnragkd agydr thnkn 06 g÷ds. ´Juçc
xy x y ns cg n`g` `nc bnragkd ankdr4

Bgjnads uk jgalhd `n vgrhglcn? x  y  g G. 79 g÷ds

Zglnads qun cg an`hg grhtaèthjg y cg an`hg L. 76 g÷ds
graúkhjg sdk vgcdrns jdksnjuthvds, nstd ns? J. 70 g÷ds
A.G.  A.B.  7 @. <6 g÷ds
N. 7< g÷ds
g 7<66
 7  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB
< g Zn rnpgrtnk prdpdrjhdkgcanktn g sus n`g`ns, nstd
< ns?
g  <066
7
<g

-7:-
 7nr Bnragkd  06e (Agydr) Pnúihcd junktg jdk Z/ <26 pgrg gpdstgr nk nc ounmd
<`d Bnragkd  ge  `n púenr jdk sus gahmds. Jugk`d vg pnr`hnk`d cds
:/0 `n cd qun kd phnr`n, gpunstg cds </> `n cd qun
:nr Bnragkd  le  cn qun`glg, dltnkhnk`d nc trhpcn `n cd gpdstg`d,
0td Bnragkd  je  rnthrçk`dsn `nspuès. ´Juçktd mgkg d phnr`n
>td Bnragkd  `e (Ankdr) Pnúihcd4

Nc bnragkd ankdr gihrag? G. mgkú Z/76

`e je le ge 06e   L. pnr`hú Z/0
   
< : 0 9 2 J. mgkd Z/2
 Kds qun`g? @. pnr`hú Z/7<
`e 06e   N. pnr`hú Z/9

< 2  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB
`  76 Mrgihjgads - Pnúihcd junktg jdk Z/ <26 pgrg
gpdstgr 
\nspunstg? L  :  0x
0
 
Vrnmuktg <:. VHN\@N KD VHN\@N
Pnag? \ N MC G @N P\N Z JDAV^N ZPG
Nk 2 bdrgs, snhs prdinsdrns idraucgk </: `nc :x 0x
nxgank. ´Nk juçktgs bdrgs `ds prdinsdrns
idraucgrgk cd qun rnstg `nc nxgank4
<26
G. 2 W^N@G
L. 8 0x 796
J. 70 \nsdcvnads?
@. 7< :x  0x  <26
N. 9
=x  <26
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB  x  06
H.V.   @.V. <
Gbdrg vngads, gpunstg? `n cd qun qun`glg.
BD\GZ   V\DI.  NRGA. >
< :(90)
2 9
: DLPHNKN NC P\HVCN
x 7
<
: 90 90 90 89
 <  7
x  <     2 9    GV^NZPG  KD GV^NZPG
 :  : < :
x  7< 796  90 796 89
> >
\nspunstg? @
Pnúihcd, thnkn?
90  90  90  89  A
Vrnmuktg <0.
Pnag? I \G JJH DKNZ <22  A
Vdr cd tgktd, Pnúihcd mgkg?

-70-
 Mgkg  <22  <26  =<  8   26
Mgkg  Z/. 2 x
=<
x  =<6
\nspunstg? J
GCHGK_G
Vrnmuktg <>. =, <  26
Pnag? \ N MCG @ N P\N Z ZH AVCN >0  y
G jdkthkugjhúk, sn aunstrg cds rnsuctg`ds
>0  26
dltnkh`ds nk ukg nkjunstg rngchzg`g g uk mrupd `n y
gihjhdkg`ds gc iutldc nk cg jhu`g` `n Grnquhpg, jdk =,<
cg ihkgch`g` `n `ntnrahkgr nc nquhpd `n su >0  26
y
 prninrnkjhg 82
Dtrds
=, <
76
Jrhstgc
 9  8   2 76 
y
82
:9 76
Gchgkzg Ancmgr 
>0
y  966
782 Bhkjbgs `n ^khvnrshtgrhd d Gchgkzg?
90,2 PDPGC  x  y
^khvnrshtgrhd
PDPGC  =<6  966
PDPGC  7:<6
\nspunstg? G
Zh sn sgln qun 26 gihjhdkg`ds rnspdk`hnrdk qun
nrgk bhkjbgs `n dtrds nquhpds, ´jugktds
gihjhdkg`ds rnspdk`hnrdk qun nrgk bhkjbgs `n Vrnmuktg <9.
^khvnrshtgrhd d Gchgkzg4 Pnag? VD\JN KPGO N Z
Muh`d ihraú bgjn 9 g÷ds uk jdktrgtd, `dk`n pdr
G. 7:<6 jg`g `ds g÷ds `n trglgod cn guanktglgk <6% `n su
L. 7<26 sunc`d5 sh nc napnzú g trglgogr jdk uk sunc`d `n
J. 7<66 Z/. 7966, ´Juçktd mgkg Muh`d nk cg gjtugch`g`4
@. 7726
N. 7<06 G. Z/ <>96
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB L. Z/ <9:<,>
Yngads? J. Z/ <98<
^KHYN\ZHPG\HD @. Z/ <=90,2
=,<  26 N. Z/ <27<
90,2  x
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB
90,2  26 Napnzú jdk Z/. 7966
x
=,<
902  26
x
=<

-7>-
 ad`d `n snr y vhvhr gc qun pdkn cg nthquntg `n
 pnrsdkg gctganktn iukjhdkgc.
\nspunstg? J
Vrnmuktg =9.
Pnag? H ktnchmnkjhg nadjhdkgc? Gutdnsthag y
bglhch`g`ns sdjhgcns
^kg anodr gutdnsthag sn cdmrg?

H. `nogk`d `n jrhthjgrsn g sá ahsad

HH. jdksh`nrgk`d cds nrrdrns jdad dpdrtukh`g`ns
`n gprnk`hzgon
HHH. tnkhnk`d `hknrd y jdsgs agtnrhgcns
HY. ihoçk`dsn antgs y pnksgk`d nk cd qun kds
mustgrág jdksnmuhr
Y. vhgogk`d g jdkdjnr kunvgs jucturgs
Ns jdrrnjtg?

G. H ‚  HH ‚  HHH
Cg jçpsucg `n Ldwagk d mcdaèrucd? Ns nc cumgr
L. H ‚  HHH ‚  Y
`dk`n sn IHCP\GK `nspnr`hjhds `nc drmgkhsad g
J. HHH ‚  HY ‚  Y
trgvès `n cg sgkmrn5 nstgs sustgkjhgs sn rnthrgk pgrg
@. HH ‚  HHH ‚  HY
idragr cg drhkg.
N. H ‚  HH ‚  HY
Vnrd cg sgkmrn ihctrg`g, vuncvn gc tdrrnktn
sgkmuáknd.
\nspunstg? @  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB 
@NZG\\DCCD VN\ZDKGC, JH^@G@GKHG
 Zustnktgjhúk?
Znmÿk Lrgk`dk? Vgrg cdmrgr ukg lunkg gutdnsthag
X JHYHJG - VZHJDCDMÁG
`nlnads?
Yhvhr jdksjhnktnanktn, nstgr jdknjtg`ds jdk
Vrnmuktg =>. kunstrds gjtds, adthvgjhdkns, vgcdrns y prdpúshtds
Pnag? Jgrc \dmnrs y nc nkidqun jnktrg`d nk cg y sn `nln nvhtgr?
 pnrsdkg - nc ihctrg`d knmgthvd.
Jdapcntn jdrrnjtganktn? –Jgrc \dmnrs `n sgrrdccd
- Gutdgjusgshdkns
nk su tndrág cg tnk`nkjhg g TTTTTTTT‑
- Vnrsdkgchzgjhúk
G. cg gutdrrngchzgjhúk
Vdr cd tgktd?
L. cg jdk`ujtg
^kg anodr gutdnsthag sn cdmrg?
J. cd buagkhstg
 @nogk`d `n jrhthjgrsn g sá ahsad
@. cd bhstúrhjd jucturgc
N. cd sdjhgc  Jdksh`nrgk`d cds nrrdrns jdad
dpdrtukh`g`ns `n gprnk`hzgon
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB   Ihoçk`dsn antgs y pnksgk`d nk cd qun kds
 Zustnktgjhúk? mustgrág jdksnmuhr
–Jgrc \dmnrs `nsgrrdccd nk su tndrág cg tnk`nkjhg g \nspunstg? N
cd buagkhstg‑ Vrnmuktg ==.
Pnag? H ktnchmnkjhg nadjhdkgc? Gutdnsthag y
Jgrc \dmnrs prdpdkn cg h`ng `n qun cg bglhch`g`ns sdjhgcns
 pnrsdkgch`g` `n jg`g hk`hvh`ud pun`n gkgchzgrsn Cg gutdnsthag nstç rncgjhdkg`g jdk cds jdkjnptds?
snmÿk nc ad`d nk nc qun sn gjnrjg d sn gcnog g uk  TTTTTTTTTTTT y TTTTTTTTTTTT
G. nc gutdjdkjnptd ‚  cg gutdnihjhnkjhg
L. cd jdk`ujtugc ‚  cd lhdcúmhjd

-:0-
J. cg nadjhúk ‚  cg jdmkhjhúk N. snr snktnkjhg`d sh nc gjusg`dr cd sdchjhtg
@. cd tnúrhjd ‚  cd prçjthjd
N. cg gutdhagmnk ‚  cg nihjgjhg  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB 
 Zustnktgjhúk?
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB  Ougk, gapgrg`d nk cg `njcgrgjhúk ukhvnrsgc `n
 Zustnktgjhúk? `nrnjbds buagkds pun`n?
- Gutdjdkjnptd? Ns cg suag `n jrnnkjhgs `n uk
hk`hvh`ud sdlrn sus jugch`g`ns pnrsdkgcns, cd qun Nxhmhr snr trgtg`d shk `hsthkjhúk gktn cg cny.
sgln `n sá ahsag d cd qun jrnn.
Nk `nrnjbds buagkds nxhstn hmugc`g` gktn cg cny.
 ‚  Gutdnihjhnkjhg? Ns cg jdkvhjjhúk qun thnkn uk \nspunstg? G
hk`hvh`ud `n qun ns jgpgz `n rngchzgr ukg tgrng. Vrnmuktg 26.
Jugktd agydr sng cg gutdnihjhnkjhg, açs Pnkhnk`d nk junktg cg thpdcdmág `n jdkichjtds
jdkihgkzg sn tnk`rç nk cg prdphg jgpgjh`g` pgrg sdjhgcns, rncgjhdkn snmÿk jdrrnspdk`g?
tnknr èxhtd.
\nspunstg? G H. ncnjtdrgc
@NZG\\DCCD VN\ZDKGC, JH^@G@GKHG HH. gsuktds `n mdlhnrkd cdjgc
X JHYHJG HHH. jdaukgc
N@^JGJHDK JHYHJG HY. cgldrgc
Y. pdr jucthvd hcnmgc `n cg bdog `n jdjg
Vrnmuktg =2.
Cds an`hds `n jdaukhjgjhúk juapcnk uk pgpnc nk 7) `nrnjbds cgldrgcns
cg idragjhúk `n cg dphkhúk pÿlchjg. Gsá prnsnktgr <) kd gjnptgjhúk `n rnsuctg`ds ncnjtdrgcns
hkidragjhúk `n idrag hapgrjhgc ns uk prhkjhphd :) gc gjjnsd g rnjursds kgturgcns
`n? 0) g cg mnsthúk pÿlchjg nk cds aukhjhphds
G. jcgrh`g`  prdvhkjhgcns y `hstrhtgcns
L. dlonthvh`g` >) prnsnkjhg `nc kgrjdtrçihjd
J. ousthjhg
@. vnrgjh`g` G. H ‚  <5 HH ‚  >5 HHH ‚  05 HY ‚  75 Y ‚  :
N. dpdrtukh`g` L. H ‚  <5 HH ‚  05 HHH ‚  :5 HY ‚  75 Y ‚  >
J. H ‚  75 HH ‚ 05 HHH ‚  >5 HY ‚  :5 Y ‚  <
 ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB  @. H ‚  75 HH ‚  05 HHH ‚  <5 HY ‚  :5 Y ‚  >
 Zustnktgjhúk? N. H ‚  >5 HH ‚  05 HHH ‚  :5 HY ‚  <5 Y ‚  7
Vrnsnktgr hkidragjhúk `n idrag hapgrjhgc ns uk
 prhkjhphd `n?  ZDC^JH ÚK? JDCN MH D \DLN \P EDJB 
Dlonthvh`g`  Zustnktgjhúk?
\nspunstg? L \ncgjhdkgads, snmÿk thpdcdmág `n jdkichjtds?
Vrnmuktg =8. Ncnjtdrgc - kd gjnptgjhúk `n rnsuctg`ds ncnjtdrgcns
Pnag? @nrnjbds B uagkds - Jgsuásthjg Gsuktds `n mdlhnrkd cdjgc - G cg mnsthúk pÿlchjg
Zh Ougk jdantn uk gjtd `nchjthvd, èc pd`rág nk cds aukhjhphds prdvhkjhgcns y `hstrhtgcns
gapgrg`d nk cg `njcgrgjhúk ukhvnrsgc `n `nrnjbds Jdaukgc- Gc gjjnsd g rnjursds kgturgcns
buagkds? Cgldrgc - @nrnjbds cgldrgcns
Vdr jucthvd hcnmgc `n cg bdog `n jdjg - Vrnsnkjhg `nc
G. nxhmhr snr trgtg`d shk `hsthkjhúk gktn cg cny kgrjdtrçihjd
L. knmdjhgr su chlnrtg`
J. bgjnr pnrd kd nxhmhr cd qun cg cny nstglcnjn g su \nspunstg? L
igvdr
@. nxhmhr sus `nrnjbds nk tgktd qun nc ounz
`naunstrn su hkdjnkjhg

-:>-
-:9-