Seminar Paper

A Log frame onFree primary education for the street children.

Course No: 405(B) Course Title: Seminar

Supervisor:
Dr. Mahbuba Sultana Associate Professor Institute of Social Welfare & Research University of Dhaka

Submitted By:
Group-B B.S.S (hons), 4th Semester Session: 2008-2009 Institute of Social Welfare & Research University of Dhaka

Presentation Date: 22-03-11

Group-B

SL. No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Roll No 3404 3409 3418 3422 3425 3442 3448 3457 3464 3466 3471 3474 3487 3491 3494 3504 3511 3512

Name Md. Olyullah Chowdhury Md. Shahinul Islam Shariful Islam Mukul Hossain S.M. Saiful Islam Barkatullah Md. Jafor Ullah Konamik Koni Khan Rimon Biswas Ranobir Mitro Basunia Pronoy Adhikari Tania Akter Sarmin Akter Shimul Sumaya Akter Sadia Akter Suriya Yeasmin Asia Khatun Nawrin Rahman

Contents:

Chapter 01 Log frame:

Subject

Page

02

Background Concept Components Importance Primary Education: Concept Goal & Function Present Condition Street Children: Concept Situational Analysis Facilities from GOs & NGOs Presentation of Log frame: Free Education for the street Children.

03

04

05

References

Chapter-01

Logical Framework:

Logical Framework is a recent inventive procedure of project formation, implementation, analysis and evaluation in modern world. The logical framework approach should be thought of as an important management that use of the logical framework approach allows a step by step conceptualization of important project elements.

Background of Logical framework:

Since long formulation of project designing & its analysis have been studied by the project economists, Project Managers, government, Officials and Program Planners. But all these studies and Practices were typically made in a series of discrete analysis as long both by the academicians and practitioners. Both the developed countries as well as the developing countries have been looking the problem with due care as the actors of the drama of development of the role of the donor and the recipient. If we don t know where we are going, any road may lead you there these quote from the crux of the problem for both the donors and the recipients. Led in the search for-

Where we are going? One of the dominant international donor agencies-The United States Agencies for international development (USAID) under took a survey its project evaluation system and uncovered certain major problems in 1969. 01. Planning was too vague; 02. The management responsibility was unclear; 03. Evaluation was an adversary process.

In response to the problems highlighted above, a new approach was advanced in 1970 by two renounced economists- Leon J Rosenberg & Lawrenle D. Posner of the practical concept incorporated. This new venture is renounced as the Logical framework project planning matrix (PPM).

Concept of Logical framework:

The Logical framework approach is a set of dynamic, related concepts which foster a way of thinking to develop a well-designed realistic and evaluable project. The Logical framework offers a way to clarify project design, thus showing whether under taking is Practicable, worthwhile & susceptible to scientific evaluation.

One of the independent observers has called the Logical framework a checklist or blueprint that makes you do and helps you do, all the things that a good project manager does when he designs a project.

According to Dr. Mokbul Ahmed KhanThe Logical framework is a way of organizing information s and activities so that a number of different points of view can be brought to bear simultaneously and in complement, rather than in opposition. This points of view are01. Program management; 02. Basic Scientific Method; & 03. System analysis. According to practical concept incorporated Washington D.C, U.S.A- The Logical framework offers a way to clarify project design, thus showing whether the undertaking is practicable, worthwhile & susceptible to scientific evaluation. Result of the process of using the Logical framework concepts can be displayed in 4x4 Matrix, providing a one page. However, the matrix adds a graphic, multidimensional view of the project which in itself is a powerful aid to cleaner communication.

Components of Logical framework:

The components of the Logical framework can be divided into two parts. They are the components of the Horizontal part and the component of the vertical part. A Logical framework chart is shown in belowNarrative Summary Goal Purpose Output Input OVI MOV IA

Component of Horizontal Part:

Input, Output, Purpose, Goal are included in this part-

Input:
The resources we engage & the activities we undertake are known as inputs. The collection of land, engage teacher, buying educational elements the drop out children in the primary level are the input for the project of primary education for the drop-out children in Bangladesh.

Output:
It is the result of using inputs. After processing inputs we get outputs. It depends on the successful management of inputs stage. The project manager should be conscious in this stage. The outputs of the above project are the land has been bought, teachers have been employed, necessary educational elements have been collected, propaganda has been completed, and monitoring workers have been employed.

Purpose:
Purpose is the reason of producing outputs. It also includes the higher level objectives that cause us to invest in producing the outputs. All the activities and necessary information s to gain the goal are prescribed here. The success of project is determined in this stage. The improvement of the level of the drop out children of the village is one of the purposes of this project.

Goal:
Goal is the last stage of the horizontal component. Inputs, outputs and purpose are directly associated with here. It may not be fulfill according to the assumption. It is acquired in national or border level. The ratio of the primary education of drop out children in the village has been increased.

Component of Vertical Part:

Narrative summery, objectively verifiable indicators (OVI), means of verification (MOV) & important assumption (IA) are included here-

Narrative Summary:
Narrative summery is the description of inputs, outputs, purpose and goal. It describes which types of inputs have been used for the project, which types of outputs we have found from the project. It appears the view and figure of a project.

Objectively Verifiable Indicators:

It is important elements of logical framework. It is the statistical, obvious and systematic present of inputs, outputs, purpose and goal. It also describes the quantity, quality, theme and location of inputs, outputs, purpose and goal in briefly. It is called the thermometer of log frame.

Means of Verification:
It indicates the source of information. Sometimes the information may not correct then we should make sample survey.

Important Assumption:
It is the phenomenon which is the over control of human attempt. The success of the project depends on it.

Importance of Logical Framework:

Logical Framework is a analytical tool to used to plan, monitor and evaluate projects. It is recognized and accepted as an important affective and epic making process and all related to project management acknowledge the importance of Logical Framework in a voice. The introduction of Logical Framework is to solve following three main problems01. Vague Planning; 02. Unclear management responsibility; & 03. Adversary evaluation process.

These problems can be solved by formulating project through Logical FrameworkLogical Framework is an effective analytical tool to help in01. Planning; 02. Monitoring; 03. Evaluation. Logical Framework makes the projects01. 02. 03. 04. 05. Well Designed Realistic Practicable Worthwhile Susceptible to Scientific Evaluation

Chapter-02
Primary Education:

Concept:
Bangladesh has one of the largest primary education systems in the world with an estimated 16.4 million primary school aged children (6 to 10 Years). The primary education Compulsory act passed in 1990 made primary education free and compulsory for all children up to grade 5. The government of Bangladesh recognizes education as a means of a reducing poverty and improving the quality of life for children. As a signatory to the convention on the Rights of the Child, the Government of Bangladesh, with assistance from development partners, has made positives steps towards fulfilling children s rights to education, according to the Education for all and Millennium Development Goals.

According to- Shelly McRac Primary Education is the foundation in educational systems. Basic language skills, mathematical skills & scientific concepts are introduced to children at ages four through seven. Children continue to build on three concepts through to the ages of twelve or thirteen when they begin secondary education.

Karen Hollowell definedPrimary Education is the first stage of compulsory education. It is preceded by pre-school or nursery education and is followed by secondary education. In north America this stage of education is usually known as elementary education and is generally followed by middle school.

Goal & Function:

One of the goals of Primary Education is to establish within each child, the necessary skills to function through his or her academic careers & within the community. The curriculum is an outline or plan followed by education. A curriculum for language would likely include techniques for teaching reading, writing & language comprehension. Each subject taught in the classroom has a curriculum. In primary education, these plans are ideally integrated so children can learn about things such as mathematical concepts through artistic endeavors sports or games.

Present Condition:
In 2003, Bangladesh prepared a national action plan Education for all with specific set of goals to be achieved by 2015, and took the Dakar Framework of Action. The main objectives of PEDP=2 are to increase primary school access & the government directly runs school students. It focuses on the issue related to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG); with special reference to equitable access. It is currently estimated that there are more than 3.3 million out-of-school children throughout the country. Schooling opportunities are also very limited for some specific groups such as working children disabled children, indigenous children and those in remote areas or living in extreme poverty. The UNICEF 2006 Multiple indicator Cluster Survey reports that only about half of the children living in urban slums attend school compared to a national average of 81% net attendance ratio, and about 24% of slum girls never enroll in any form of formal or non-formal school. Even for those who are enrolled, completion of the primary education cycle is a critical issue. Only 55% of children eventually reach Grade-5. The street children are highly neglected from this project. It is estimated by the Bangladesh Bureau of the census that approximately 10% of the children of preschool and primary school age (3 to 10 years) are disabled. Currently 77,488 Children with special needs of various types are enrolled in primary schools. In Bangladesh, the government directly runs schools, which enroll over 75% of the primary school students & pays 90% of staff casts & capital grants to the others. These public provisions represent a high level of government commitment to basic education.

Chapter-03
Street Children:
Bangladesh is a densely populated country and economic hardship is caused by having a large population. This has created various types of social problems and the incidence of street children is growing.

Concept:
In Bangladesh Street children can be defined as those who earn their living on the city streets and stay there most or all of the day. They may or may not have parents or legal guardians. Street children can be broadly defined into two groups: 01. Those who spend all the time in the streets. It being their home where they eat, sleep, makes friends, work & play. 02. Those who spend the day on the streets but return home at night. Amnesty International dived street children into two main categories01. Children on the street are those engaged in some kind of economic activity ranging from begging to vend and contribute their earnings to their family. Because of the economic fragility of the family these children may eventually opt for a permanent life on the streets. 02. Children of the street actually live on the street (or outside of a normal family environment). Family ties may exist but are tenuous and are maintained only casually or occasionally. Street children exist in many major cities, especially in developing countries and may be subject to abuse, neglect, exploiting or even in extreme cases, murder by cleanup squads hired by local businesses or police. The cause behind street children are family breakdown, poverty, natural and manmade causes, famine, physical and sexual abuse and acculturation.

Situational Analysis:
Govern mint statistics, based on a survey by the Bangladesh institute of Development Studies estimated the number of street children in Bangladesh 380.000 (of whom 55% are in Dhaka city). A little less then half of them 49.2% are of the age group <10 years, while the remaining fall in the age group of 11-19 years, Their gender composition is as follows: 74% boys, 25.7% girls. The above report estimates that by 2014 the number of such children would exceed 9,30,000 all categories of street children are called Tokai (Rag Pickers) by the general public. Average daily income of the street children is approx USD $0.55. The major problem of street children are insecure life, physical and sexual abuse by adults of the immediate community, harassment by law enforcing agencies or inadequate access to educational institution and health care facilities and lack of decent employment opportunity.

Facilities form GO & NGOs:

Govt. & NGOs are providing different support program for street children. The program endeavor to provide support facilities such as night day, safe drinking water, bathing, sanitation, first-aid, non-formal education, subsistence, nutrition, recreation, guidance & wholesome development. Inspire of all these facilities a lot of street children are deprived of their right of primary education. So programs should be taken to improve this situation.

For the Street Children GO initiatives are:  All of the worlds governments have ratified the UN convention on the Rights of the Child,  Governments generally involve placing the children in orphanages, juvenile homes or correctional institutes.  Governments sometimes institute roundups and deposit them elsewhere or incarcerate them.

For the Street Children NGO initiatives are: NGO employ a wide variety of strategies such as Advocacy through media and govt. contact. Preventive from taking to the streets. Institutions recover from drug, physical or sexual abuse. Full care residential home Night shelters, family reunification, feeding program, medical services, legal assistance, financial services and outreach program.  Concretization change street children s attitude to their circumstances.     

References:

01. Project Management. -Sirajuddin Mahammud. Compilation of lecture Materials. Dhaka: Ministry of Planning; 1980. 02. Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific (CIRDAP) 03. Pragupta, 1980. P.6.11 04. P.C.I Approach in Sirajuddin Muhammad (ed) Project Management.

05. Posner, L.D: Practical Concept for Project Preparation and Analysis. 06. Rosenberg L.J. and Posner L.D. -The Logical Frame Work Approach, Practice Concept Incorporated. 07. P.C.I Approach, Brochure of Practical Concept Incorporated. 08. Sirajuddin, Muhammad, Project Management: A Compilation Lecture of Dr. Mokbul Ahmed Khan.

09. Rosenberg L.J in Sirajuddin Muhammad (ed) -Project Management- Compilation of Lecture Materials, 1980, P.6.9 10. Khan, Ahmed, Mokbul, In Sirajuddin Mohammad- Ibid P:6.9 11. http-j/www.unicef.org/evaldotabase/files/zam-01-009.pd/unicef Assessment of street children. 12. Human Rights Watch-Abuse of Street Children. 13. www.streetchildren.org.uk/reports.Bangaladesh%20Child.doc

14. Promises Broken www.hrw.org.archived yrob the original. 14. n Govt. promises residential facility for street children. 15. n PMC to build a nest for street kids;

Indicate (PUNE: times of India, indiatimes.com) 2008.02.06, retrieved 2008-02-09.