Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tariq 20121
Tariq 20121
net/publication/236121803
CITATIONS READS
20 2,856
5 authors, including:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Muhammad Tariq on 08 December 2014.
�5
Security
Index Terms--Home and building automation; senSDr
I
Snm1HOl1'IO ani BuiMing
Automation Staniards
• T • l 1 l • t
Snm1Erergy ConntIla
l1ic tion Application HOl1'IO Electronics ViliFi Snm1
Automation
OpenHAN2D System (HES) E""rgy Profile
Staniards ProfIle (SEP) 2.0 Staniards Staniards Staniards
Staniards 2.0
... , � •
Z-Wave Application Proto::al
ZHA RFCs b_d Security Il1leroperability
Data Medel
LOWlmk Stardard Gateway
Demoni Resp:mse & Load Control
Insteon SecuritySystemfm A pplication Medel
Pricing
KNX HES Architecture
Pre- Pa)'ln!m ani Metering
O""Net F'lug-inElectric Vehicles WIBEEM
BAC""t Distributed E""rgy Resrurces
ECHO""t PIutovoltaic Systems
XIO Win! E""rgy Systems
Fig. 2. An overview of different categories of smart grid standards in home and building automation.
detection systems. The purpose is to defIne data in The industrial, scientifIc and medical (ISM) band; 868 MHz
communication service and protocols for computer (Europe) and 908 MHz (US) bands, using Frequency Shift
equipments used for monitoring and control of Heating Keying (FSK) radio. The throughput is 40Kbps in both the
Ventilation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) frequencies [6].
and other building systems to defIne object-oriented Pros: Being considered as among the best home automation
representation of information communicated between those solutions due to its reliability and security.
devices [8]. Cons: Communication is performed via wireless,
Pros: Available from most BAS and HVAC equipment comparatively expensive, and installation is complicated.
vendors, cost effective integration solution, provides
B. Zigbee Smart Energy Profile 2. 0 Standard
insulation from vendor system migrations and upgrades and
allows for flexibility in implementation. ZigBee Smart Energy ProfIle (SEP) 2.0 is a smart home
Cons: ConfIguration tools are proprietary and no device standard for interoperable products that monitor, control,
application profIles, system, and device control algorithms are inform and automate the delivery and use of energy and water.
unique to vendors. In addition, the database structure is not It helps to create greener homes by providing consumers the
standardized and methods of implementing functionality vary information and automation needed to easily reduce their
from vendor to vendor. energy consumption and thus save money [20].
8) ECHONET C. Communication Standards
Energy Conservation and Homecare NETwork (ECHONET)
There are different communication standards defmed for
is a Japanese Consortium, whose aim is to develop
Smart Home and Building Automation. ZigBeeiHomePlug
ECHONET systems. ECHONET is designed to control home
Marketing Requirements Document (MRD) is written for the
appliances directly and connect to home electronics devices
SEP 2.0 and represents the next generation market
through a gateway. This design enables industry participants
requirements for Smart Energy as well as supports use cases.
to develop a variety of systems having different
It defmes link layer standard with a variety of specifIcation.
communication speeds and levels of technological
Zigbee SEP 2.0, which is a standard for interoperable products
sophistication while maintaining optimum cost performance.
The goal of ECHONET is to develop a standard, which that monitor, control, infonn and automate the delivery, also
requires no special rewiring that can be applied to existing provides link layer specifIcation for node-to-node
homes and that can easily be controlled by a wide range of communications. The International Telecommunication Union
devices. The standard specifIes the use of wireless (ITU) defmes ITU G.9960/9961 (G.hn) standard for
technologies and ordinary home electric wiring, which get rids networked device over power lines, phone lines and coaxial
of the need for special rewiring and allows the network to be cables with data rates up to 1 Gbps [32]. ITU devise ITU
used in existing homes as well as new housing [19]. T.9954 standard, which describes the generic transport
Pros: Supports both RF and PLC. architecture for home networks and their interfaces to a
Cons: Proprietary standard with limited radio range. provider's access network.
9) Z- Wave Standard D. Application Standards
Z-Wave is a proprietary standard for home automation
Application standards are categorized as follows:
developed by Z-Wave Alliance, which is a group that was
1) Application Protocol
established around the proprietary wireless networking
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), is an application
protocol developed by a Danish company called Zensys. Z
level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia
Wave standard is intended to provide a simple but reliable
information systems, whose details can be found in RFC 2616.
method to wirelessly control appliances in the houses. It works
RFC 793 proposed Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),
4
and security models, and energy management model [24]. working together to develop common testing documents and
ISO/IEC 15067 RES architecture standards specify the RES processes for certification of WSEP2 interoperability. It is also
architecture, including the communication layer, user process, expected that the CSEP will define the tests for WSEP2
system management, media and media dependent layers, functions while the tests for WSEP2 will be defined by the
intelligent grouping and resource sharing, etc. ISO/IEC 29145 Wi-Fi Alliance [29]. The WSEP2 specification is still under
series of standards specify the Wireless Beacon-enabled development at the time of writing of this paper.
Energy Efficient Mesh Network (WiBEEM) Standard for
RES, including PRY, MAC, and network layers specifications IV. ANALYSIS, COMPARISON AND DISCUSSIONS
[25].
In this section, we have compared only the contemporary
H. Wi-Fi Smart Energy Profile 2. 0 home and building automation standards due to limited space.
Wi-Fi Alliance is in the process of building a forthcoming We have compared these standards in terms of communication
specification, called Wi-Fi Smart Energy Profile 2.0 (WSEP2) type, radio/ communication range, data rate, frequency band,
security and network topology. We have also analyzed these
just like ZigBee Smart Energy Profile, for those applications
standards based on the unique properties of each standard.
which enable home energy management via both wireless and
wired devices that support Internet Protocol (IP). The aim of Both analysis and comparison can be seen in Table 1.
WSEP2 is to classify an architecture and set of protocols that In the authors' opinion, the future communication network
facilitate WSEP2 operation over Wi-Fi with interoperability to for smart grid should be IP based as stated in the NIST road
map [3]. It is because; the migration toward IP-based
non-Wi-Fi WSEP2 devices along with backward compatibility
with the existing Wi-Fi certified devices. A certification of standards brings following benefits.
• Simplified system architecture and control
WSEP2 devices at the Wi-Fi Alliance is conditioned by
• End-to-end visibility
passing tests of both SEP functions as well as Wi-Fi
• Interoperability with different networks
functions. In order to ensure interoperability of products, the
• Support for existing IP-based networks
members of Consortium for SEP2 (CSEP) interoperability are
TABLE I COMPARISON OF THE MAIN HOME AND BUILDING AUTOMAnON STANDARDS
RADIO/COM 30m (outdoor) (lO-IOO)m 300m 45m (30-120)m <100m 500m 1200m (for 100m (indoor)
M.RANGE <30m (indoor) MSTP)
DATA RATE/ 40Kbps / 250Kbps 200Mbps/ 13.I65Kbps/ 5Kbps to 4Kbps to 36Kbps/ 230Kbps/ 9.6-76.8Kbps II to 600
FREQUENCV 868 MHz /(2.4GHz) and 14Mbps 902 to 924 MHz 1.25Mbp/ 426MHz, 902- (MSTP) Mbps
(EU) 908 40Kbps 400MHz, 429MHz, 2.4GHz 928MHz, 78.8Kbps
MHz (US) (9I5MHz) 450MHz,900 865- (LonTalk)
MHz,2.4 868MHz 100+Mbps
GHz (BACnet lP)
TOPOLOGV Mesh Star, tree, Bus Peer-to-peer, Peer-to-peer, Peer-to-peer, Peer-to- Peer-to-peer, Star, tree,
mesh free, bus peer, star star, tree mesh
SECURITV 128 bit 128 bit AES 56 bit Data Unique 24 bit 256 bit AES Private Key Extended BACnet Wi-Fi
Advanced Encryption Encryption address, all encryption Encryption Function Tiny Network Protected
Encryption Standard (DES) transmissions are and NIST Encryption Security for Access
Standard cryptography encoded onto the Certified Algorithm BACnet (WPA2)
(AES) network FlPS 140-2 (XTEA2) Interoperabilit
cryptography level-2 y Building
Block (NS-
SD-BIBB)
PROPERTIES IP support, Low power Communication Not limited to a Two physical Supports both RF and Low power, Designed for Wide support,
free from usage, longer through ex.isting single physical layer PLe. delay, and heating, available
household battery power line (low network signaling cost, ventilating, air with every
interference, lifetime and cost ) lower technology, and technologies, medium conditioning other device
and low data low cost speed, lP support, supports both RF twisted pair radio range, control,
rate and PLC and PLC, interoperate lighting
routers, with control, access
network INSTEON control, fire
management and XIO. detection and
software etc., their
from associated
Echelon equipment
Corporation
ApPLICATION Home and Automation, Automation using Home Peer-to-peer Developed key Open Data Wireless
IN HOME AND building's sensing and ex.isting AC management and/or software & hardware source communicatio communicatio
BUILDING lighting and control, for power line for network master-slave for home automation. solution, n protocol for n within home
AUTOMATtON automation residential, two-way technology, that communicati A universal based on building appliances and
commercia] communication. provides a secure, on for home transmission standard the automation computing
and industrial HomePlug is highly-available, and building for various services in proprietary and control devices
sites tuned to affordable, robust automation home network system physical networks
broadband home and control that combine home interface
application management networks appliances of different
mostly network venders
The mam reason IS that IP can be used as the baSIS for the the lower layers, l.e. PRY and MAC. We foresee that the IP
applications. Therefore, developers do not have to care about based standards or systems will be dominant, particularly with
6
IPv6 where each device in a home will be assigned a different [19] ECHONET Consortium. [online].
http://www.echonet.gr.jp/englishlindex.htm.
address. However, there is a problem with the IP protocol.
[20] Consortium for SEP 2 Interoperability. HomePlug Appliance, Wi-Fi
Since QoS is an important requirement for controlling home Alliance, and ZigBee Alliance. [online]. http://www.wi-
appliances, IP should be specified whether the best effort fi.orglmedialpress-releases/consortium-sep-2-interoperability-Iaunches
protocol can suit the network requirement or not. multiple-alliances-representing.
[21] IEEE 802.15.4 Standard. PHY/MAC Layer Control for Low Rate
Among the existing standards for home communications, it
Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). IEEE, 2006.
is highly likely that all those standards, which combine both [22] IEEE 802.2. Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Standards. IEEE,
wireless standards and the PLC, i.e. IEEE 802.11, IEEE 2008.
802.15.4 and IEEE P1901, will be widely deployed in the near [23] ISO/IEC 15045-2. Information Technology-Home Electronic System
(HES)-Part 2: Modularity and Protocol. International Organization for
future.
Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission, 2012.
[24] ISO/IEC TR 15067-3. Information Technology-Home Electronic System
V. CONCLUSIONS (HES) Application Mode-Part 3: Model of an Energy Management
System for HES. International Organization for
Smart home and building automation systems have gained Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission,2000.
popularity in recent time. The advancement in these systems [25] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25/WG I N 1516. Smart Grid Standards for
became possible due to the development of various Residential Customers. International Organization for
Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission; 2002.
comprehensive smart grid standards. In this paper, we have
[26] ISO/IEC 16484-5. Building Automation and Control Systems - Part 5:
introduced a wide range of smart grid standards, proposed for Data communication Protocol. International Organization for
home and building automations systems. These standards span Standardization /International Electrotechnical Commission,2007.
from communication layers, which include physical, data link [27] ISO/IEC 18012-1. Information Technology-Home Electronic System
(HES)-Guidelines for Product Interoperability-Part I: Introduction.
and network layers, applications, security, to automation and
International Organization for Standardization/International
deployment of the system. It is expected that more advanced Electrotechnical Commission,2004.
standards will be introduced mainly IPV6 based, in the market [28] ISO/IEC 18012-2. Information Technology-Home Electronic System
in the near future due to some open loops in the existing (HES)-Guidelines for Product Interoperability-Part 2: Taxonomy and
Application Interoperability Model. International Organization for
standards. In order to better utilize these standards, both the
Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission,2012.
regulatory and standardization bodies and the utility [29] Wi-Fi Alliance Smart Energy Profile SEP 2.0, [online]
companies must first recognize the existing gaps in order to [30] http://www.wi-fi.orglmedialpress-releases.
rectify them in the upcoming standards. [31] LONMARK Overview. [online]. http://www.lonmark.orglaboutl.
[32] LONTALK Protocol Specification Ver. 3.0. Palo Alto: Echelon
Corporation, 1994.
VI. REFERENCES [33] A. Naumann, P. Komarnicki, B.M. Buchholz, and C. Brunner,
[I] Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, S. Stefansoucek, and H. M. Newman, "Seamless Data Communication and Management," in Proc. IEEE
"Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control," IEEE Srnartgridcomm20IO, pp. 361-367, 2010.
proc. vol. 93,pp. 1178 - 1203,June 2005. [34] OpenHAN 2.0, UCAlug Home Area Network System Requirements
[2] C. Reinisch, W. Kastner, G. Neugschwandtner, and W. Granzer, Specification. UCA International Users Group, 2010.
"Wireless Technologies in Home and Building Automation," in Proc. [3S] Open SG. Open Smart Grid User Group. 2008. [online].
2007 IEEE Industrial Informatics Conf. pp. 93-98. http://osgug.ucaiug.orgldefault.aspx
[3] NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability [36] J. Postel, RFC 0768-User Datagram Protocol, 1980.
Standards,R. 2.0. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2012. [37] J. Postel, RFC 0793-Transmission Control Protocol, 1981.
[4] Building Automation Technology Review. Echelon Corporation,2003. [38] S. Deering, and R. Hinden,RFC 2460-TPv6Specification,1998.
[5] D. Snoonian, "Smart Buildings," IEEE Spectrum. vol 40, pp. 18-23, [39] M. Crawford, RFC 2464-Transmission of TPv6 Packets over Ethernet
Aug. 2003. Networks; 1998.
[6] Zensys AS,Z-Wave Protocol Overview, 2006. [40] R. Drorns, RFC 33IS-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
[7] ZigBee Alliance . ZigBee Home Automation Public Application Profile. (DHCPv6),2003.
[online]. http://ZigBee.orgiMarkets/Overview/tabid!223/Default.aspx. [41] R. Hinden and S. Deering,RFC 4291-IPV6 Address Architecture,2006.
[8] BACnet ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2008. A Data Communication Protocol [42] S. Kent, RFC 4302-IP Authentication Header, 200S.
for Building Automation and Control Networks. American National [43] S. Kent, RFC 4303-IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP),2005.
Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air [44] A. Conta, S. Deering, and M. Gupta, RFC 4443-Internet Control
conditioning Engineering,2008. Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Ver. 6 (IPv6)
[9] H. Merz, T. Hansemann, and C. Hubner, "Building Automation Specification,2006.
Communication Systems with EIB/KNX, LON, and BACnet," New [45] T. Narten, E. Nordmark, W. Simpson, and H. Soliman. RFC 486-
York: Springer,2009,pp.212. Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6), 2007.
[10] LONMAKER User's Guide Release 3. Palo Alto: Echelon Corporation. [46] S. Thomson, T. Narten, and T. Jinrnei, RFC 4862-IPv6 Stateless
[II] XIO-Home Automation [online]. http://www.xIO.com/automation/ Address Autoconfiguration,2007.
[12] INSTEON - The Details, Smart Home Technology [online]. [47] N. Kushalnagar, G. Montenegro, and C. Schumacher, RFC 4919-IPv6
http://www.TNSTEON.netlpdf/TNSTEONdetails.pdf over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs):
[13] TNSTEON - Compared,Smart Labs Technology, January 2006, [online]. Overview,Assumptions, Problem Statement,and Goals, 2007.
http://www.TNSTEON.netlpdf/TNSTEONcompared.pdf [48] G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, 1. Hui. and D. Culler, RFC 4944-
[14] KNX System Specifications-Architecture Ver. 3.0. KNX Assoc., 2009. Transmission of TPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks,2007.
[IS] KNX profiles. KNX Association,2010.
[16] KNX System Specifications-Interworking-Datapoint Types Ver. I.S.00.
KNX Association,2010.
[17] ONENET Device Payload Format, Ver. 1.6.2, Threshold Corporation,
[online].http://www.ONENET.info/spec/ONENET%20Device%20Pay10
ad%20Format%20vl.6.2.pdf.
[18] ONENET Specification, Ver.1.6.2, Threshold Corporation, 2011,
[online].http://www.ONENET.info/spec/ONENET_Specification_v1.6.2
.pdf.