Question 1: The mean score of the fourth exam in a statistics class with 1800 students at a large

university was 79 with a standard deviation of 14. Suppose twenty-five students are to be
randomly selected and their sample mean computed. What will be the mean and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution of x̄?

Mean of the sample means is μxˉ=μ=79\mu_{\bar{x}}=\mu=79μxˉ=μ=79

Standard deviation of the sample means or also known as standard error is σxˉ=σn=1425=2.8\
sigma_{\bar{x}}=\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{14}{\sqrt{25}}=2.8σxˉ=nσ=2514=2.8

where, 

population mean, μ\muμ

population standard deviation σ\sigmaσ

sample size n=25

Question 2: Lifetimes of a particular flashlight battery have a non-Normal distribution with

mean, μ, of 35.6 hours and standard deviation σ = 5.4 hours. A quality inspector is planning to
take a random sample of 43 of these batteries and compute the sample mean. Can he compute the
probability that the sample mean will be below 35.7 hours using the standard Normal table? Why
or why not?

Yes, since the sample size is large enough n=43, according to Central Limit Theorem. The
sampling mean distribution can be assumed as approximately normal even if population
distribution is non-normal as long as we have enough large sample size. (n≥30)\left (n\geq 30 \
right )(n≥30) Also, we can use normal distribution since we have known population standard
deviation, σ\sigmaσ.

Referring to the above question and assuming that computing the probability is okay, what is the
probability that the sample mean is below 35.7?

Solving for its-z-score, 

z=xˉ−μxˉσxˉ=35.7−35.65.443=0.12z=\frac{\bar{x}-\mu_{\bar{x}}}{\sigma_{\bar{x}}}=\
frac{35.7-35.6}{\frac{5.4}{\sqrt{43}}}=0.12z=σxˉxˉ−μxˉ=435.435.7−35.6=0.12

From the z-table below, probability that the sample mean is below 35.7 is,

 P(xˉ<35.7)=P(z<0.12)=0.5478P(\bar{x}<35.7)=P(z<0.12)=\
mathbf{0.5478}P(xˉ<35.7)=P(z<0.12)=0.5478
 

Question 3: Find a 95% confidence interval for μ when n = 9, x̄ = 103.14 and s = 5.25. 

We use t-distribution since unknown population standard deviation, σ\sigmaσ. Now, for
confidence level of 0.95 and degrees of freedom of df=n-1=9-1=8, critical value
is tα2,df=t0.052,8=±2.306t_{\frac{\alpha}{2},df}=t_{\frac{0.05}{2},8}=\pm 2.306t2α,df
=t20.05,8=±2.306 (two-tailed). Therefore, true population mean is between,

[xˉ−tc(sn)]<μ<[xˉ+tc(sn)]\left [ \bar{x}-t_c\left ( \frac{s}{\sqrt{n}} \right ) \right ]<\mu<\left [ \

bar{x}+t_c\left ( \frac{s}{\sqrt{n}} \right ) \right ][xˉ−tc(ns)]<μ<[xˉ+tc(ns)]

[103.14−2.306(5.259)]<μ<[103.14+2.306(5.259)]\left [103.14-2.306\left ( \frac{5.25}{\

sqrt{9}} \right ) \right ]<\mu<\left [103.14+2.306\left ( \frac{5.25}{\sqrt{9}} \right ) \right ]
[103.14−2.306(95.25)]<μ<[103.14+2.306(95.25)]

99.10<μ<107.18\mathbf{99.10<\mu<107.18}99.10<μ<107.18

We are 95% confident that true population mean is between 99.10 and 107.18.

Question 4: Suppose we were to test the hypotheses H0 : μ = 80 versus Ha : μ < 80 and computed
the standardized value of the test statistic to be t = -2.67 from the sample results of a sample of
size n = 22. Using the t table, what is the p-value?

Answer:

D.0.005<P<0.01

E.Cannot find using the t table since the t test statistic value is negative.

P-value of test stat t=-2.67 at df=n-1=22-1=21 is 0.0072. (one tailed since Ha is '<' or '>')

Online calculator: https://www.socscistatistics.com/pvalues/tdistribution.aspx

Question 4: Twelve runners were randomly sampled and asked to run a 10-kilometer race. Their
times are recorded in the following stemplot. On the basis of the following stemplot, is use of a
one-sample t confidence interval procedure to estimate the mean time appropriate?
Answer:

A. Yes, because the runners were randomly sampled and there are no serious outliers in
the stemplot.

Question 5: In 1990, the average cost of a normal pregnancy and delivery was $4334. Data was
collected recently on a random sample of 39 recent births in a particular state. A 90% confidence
interval was computed to be ($4663, $4787). On the basis of this interval, can we say that the
average cost in that particular state is different from the average cost of $4334? Why or why
not?

A. Yes, because $4,334 is outside the confidence interval.

Note that, we are 90% confident that true average cost of a normal pregnancy and delivery is
between $4663 and $4787. Therefore, we have enough evidence to conclude that  average cost
in that particular state is different from the average cost of $4334 since it is not inside the
estimate interval.

Question 6: The weekly oral dosage of anabolic steroids was measured on a sample of 20 body
builders. A 95% confidence interval estimate for the average weekly oral dose of anabolic
steroids obtained from these results was 152 mg to 194 mg. Which one of the following is a
correct interpretation of this confidence interval?

Interpretation of confidence interval:

B. We are 95% confident that the average weekly dose of anabolic steroids used by all body
builders is between 152 mg. and 194 mg.

Note that this is our population estimate of the true mean, thus we are to consider all.

Question 7: Suppose we have H0 : μ = 30 versus Ha : μ30 with p-value = .032. If we decided to
test H0 : μ = 30 versus Ha: μ  30, what is the p-value for this new Ha assuming all other factors are
the same?

The manager of a major chain department store decided to offer a promotion to increase
customers' usage of their credit cards issued by the chain. Before the promotion, credit card
holders used their cards an average of 6.3 times per month. During the month of the promotion a
random sample of 100 credit card holders used their cards an average of 6.8 times with a
standard deviation of 2.5. For testing the hypotheses H0 : μ = 6.3 versus Ha : μ6.3, what is the
value of the standardized test statistic?

A.0.20

B.0.50

C.2.00

D. Impossible to determine from information given.

A poultry farmer wishes to estimate the average incubation period (the number of days between
a hen laying her egg and the time the egg hatches) for eggs on his farm. He plans to take a
sample and make a 98% confidence interval, and would like a margin of error of half a day. It is
known that the distribution of incubation lengths has a standard deviation of 1.5 days. How many
eggs does he need to sample to create the desired interval?

A.6

B.17

C.49

D.147

Calculate the margin of error from a random sample of 27 pigs with a mean weight of 54.3 kg
and a standard deviation s = 6.2 kg. Use 95% confidence.

A.0.22 kg.

B.0.45 kg.

C.1.13 kg.

D.2.45 kg.

E.21.48 kg.