Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions are used to link independent words, clauses or phrases of

equal value or equal status. There are only a small number of coordination conjunctions
in English: most sources repeat what others say, and list the following seven, using the
convenient acronym FANBOYS.
Coordinating conjunctions often come after a comma that follows the first independent
clause of a compound sentence.

FOR Reason as, since, because SEBÄBI

AND Combines things WE
NOR Combine untrue things NE, NE-DE
BUT Expresses exceptions ÝÖNE
OR Chooses between options ÝA, ÝA-DA
YET To the contrary (surprising EMMA
and unexpecting) (garamazdan)
SO Shows consequences
ŞEÝLELIKDE,
If they are connecting words and phrases we do
not need comma, but if they are connecting ŞONUŇ
clauses yes we do need comma. NETIJESINDE,
ŞOL
I will go to the cinema and theatre. (connects 2 words) SEBÄPDEN
I will go to the cinema and go to the theatre. (connects 2 phrases)
 For - an explaining why (reason
or purpose)
He is overweight, for he eats too many cakes
and bisquits.

1. For – is a formal alternative to ‘because’. For has these connotation “as, since, because”.
We can use it the way we use “as, since and because”.
Using the conjunction “for” indicates a relationship between two main clauses by indicating
that one clause is the reason that the other is happening. For example, you could say:
“I want to go to the pizza parlor, for it is my birthday.”
Second clause is the reason for the
“I do not eat buttons, for they are not food. first clause.
“He felt cold, for it was snowing.”

And - the same, similar or equal

His favourite snacks are cakes and bisquits.

In addition to
2. And (&) - using “and” indicates additional information of equal weight to the information
provided in the first clause.
For example, you could say:
“I went to the grocery store and bought snacks for the party.”
“The kangaroo robbed the bank and torched the saloon.”
3 uses of and
1) To join two clauses that have equal value, for example:
Ahsgabat is in Turkmenistan, and Moscow is in Russian Federation.
2) To join two clauses when the second clause happens after the first clause,
for example:
He opened the door and I went in.
3) To join two clauses when the second clause is a result of the first clause,
for example:
He went to bed early, and the next day he felt better.
 Nor - for 2 non-contrasting grammatically negative items
(not+not)
Nor is used before the second or last of a set of negative
possibilities.
He doesn’t eat cake, nor does he eat bisquits
He doesn’t eat cake and he doesn’t eat bisquits.

3. Nor -“Nor” connects two clauses that have negative modifiers. When the first clause uses
a negative such as neither, never or not. In this case both clauses are untrue or do not happen,
for example, it would be correct to say:
“I don’t get enough sleep, nor do I try.”
“She won’t leave her tree, nor will she speak with humans. “
“Mary never wrote the letter, nor did she call him.”
“Neither Meret nor Merjen drink”
“I have neither cooked food nor washed clothes”
“Neither my parents nor my friends supported me”
( Note the inversion of a subject and an auxiliary in the sentence)

But – a) for contrasy

I eat cake, but I never eat bisquits; I don’t like
them.

4. But – The conjunction “but” precedes information that opposes the first main clause in
some way. For example, you could say:

“I want to go outside, but I don’t have any sunblock.”(contrast)

 Or -before an alternative ( ýagny öňde agzalyp geçilen zadyň ýerini
çalşyp biljek başga bir zady agzap geçenimizde ulanýarys)
Would you like cake or bisquits with your coffee?

To connect different possibilities

5. Or - “Or” indicates a difference between two equal options. For example, you could say:
“I can’t decide whether I want chocolate or vanilla.”
Would you rather have a pet bear or a pet giraffe.

Contrast, despite something [synonyms =

nevertheless, but, still]

(Really surprising or unexpected)

Yet is used to introduce a contrasting idea

that follows the preceding idea logically.
6. Yet - “Yet” introduces a new idea that contradicts the main clause. For example, you could
say:
“I’m always eating, yet I’m always hungry.”
“I want to leave, yet I cannot”
“He’s overweight and feels terrible, yet he continues to eat lots of cakes and bisquits”
“He’s overweight, but still he continues to eat lots of cakes and bisquits”
“He’s seventy-two, yet he still swim, runs and plays football regularly.

So- shows the consequence (result).

He was very hungry, so he ate all the cake.

7. So - “So” joins two equally-weighted thoughts that imply cause and effect. For example,
you could say:
“There wasn’t a wait at the DMV, so I decided to go this morning.”
“Dougal was allergic to sheep, so he skipped the wool festival.”
“I’ve drunk six cups of coffee today, so I’ve got a headache.”
effect
cause
 Difference between but and yet!

But and yet can be used interchangeably as conjunctions, they cannot be used
interchangeably in other contexts.

But – connects two statements that have opposite meanings

Yet – introduces a contrasting idea surprisingly

or unexpectedly

Let’s analyse these sentence example:

He is ugly but/yet I ve never seen him without a girlfriend. (not surprising)
He had broken both his legs, but/yet he refused to stop running the marathon. (exaggerated)

FOR Because I have to find a new job, for I am unemployed

AND In addition to Please calm down, Let’s wait and see.

NOR And not Neither my parents, nor my friends supported me.

BUT However I have got a home, but I haven’t got a car.

OR Either Does Clark have any brothers or sisters?

YET He says nice words, yet you don’t trust him.

But
My daughter is very smart, so everybody like her.
SO Therefore
 Test
1. Deserts are harsh and dry, _________ many plants grow there.
a) for
b) so
c) yet
2. Pat looked at the antique rocker, ________ she couldn't afford to buy it.
a) and
b) but
c) or
3. Constance might go to the library, ________ she might stay home.
a) but
b) so
c) nor
4. Sue jogs every day, _______ she wants to stay in shape.
a) but
b) yet
c) for
5. His shoes are worn, _______ he has no socks.
a) for
b) so
c) or
6. The guy is a contractor, _______ he knows the construction business.
a) so
b) and
c) but
7. Bill went to work, _______ he didn't punch in.
a) or
b) but
c) so
8. My brother is in the play, _______ I want to attend the first performance.
a) or
b) so
c) for
9. Annette couldn't go, ________ she was tired.
a) nor
b) yet
c) for
10. Your niece and I went out to lunch, ________ we both ordered fish.
a) and
b) or
c) Yet

Test 2
1. She was angry, ____________ he did something mean to her.
a) But
b) And
c) For
d) Or
2. I do not like tomatoes______do I like mushrooms.
a) For
b) So
c) But
d) Nor
3. The grass was too long, ___________ I cut it.
a) And
b) But
c) For
d) So
4. Do you want to go shopping ____ watch a movie?
a) And
b) Or
c) But
d) For
5. I did everything I could, ___ the situation is getting worse.
a) Or
b) Yet
c) And
d) So
 6. I wanted to have spaghetti, _____ the restaurant was out of it.
a) And
b) So
c) For
d) But
7. I had to go grocery shopping, ____ I was out of milk.
a) Or
b) For
c) So
d) And
8. Sarah swims, runs, _____ bikes to prepare for her triathlon.
a) But
b) For
c) Yet
d) And
9. You may have pie ____ cake, but not both!
a) And
b) But
c) Or
d) So
10. We have a test tomorrow, _____ I studied all night.
a) For
b) Yet
c) And
d) So